Abstract: Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health challenge in developing countries such as Colombia, causing anaemia and delayed growth and development in children. We aimed to estimate the geographical and prevalence trend of IPIs in the last 30years in school and preschool children in Colombia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified potential manuscripts through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar on the IPIs prevalence in school and preschool children in Colombia. Articles included in the qualitative analysis were published between 1990 and 2020 in English or Spanish and met the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis, a meta-regression and a trend analysis were performed. Results: We identified 2292 articles; 109 were included in the qualitative review, and 79 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated IPI prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 48–63). By age group, the prevalence in preschool children was 37% (95% CI: 26–49) and 66% (95% CI: 52–78) in schoolchildren. The prevalence by region was heterogeneous, with the Amazon being the highest (69%) and the Santanderes the lowest (28%). In the last 20years, the prevalence of helminthiasis has decreased (from 64.66% in 1990–1995 to 22.09% in 2016–2020). Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs is high (>30%) in three of the seven regions in Colombia. Biannual administration of mass deworming in schoolchildren is recommended in the Amazon region. Public policies aiming to control IPIs should be reinforced. Further prevalence studies should include Cesar, Guaviare, Vichada and Vaupés, where the epidemiology of IPIs is unknown. Resumen: Objetivo: Las infecciones parasitarias intestinales (IPIs) son un desafío para la salud pública en los países en desarrollo como Colombia, ya que causan anemia y retraso en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la tendencia de la prevalencia y la distribución geográfica de las IPIs en niños en edad escolar y preescolar en Colombia en los últimos 30 años. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis. Se identificaron estudios potenciales a través de PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo y Google Scholar cuyo objetivo era estimar la prevalencia de las IPIs en niños en edad escolar y preescolar en Colombia. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2020, tanto en inglés como en español, que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión. Posteriormente, se realizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios, una meta-regresión y un análisis de tendencias. Resultados: Identificamos 2,292 artículos; 109 se incluyeron en la revisión cualitativa y 79 en el metaanálisis. La prevalencia estimada de las IPIs fue del 55% (IC del 95%: 48-63%). Según el grupo de edad, la prevalencia en niños preescolares fue del 37% (IC del 95%: 26-49%), y en niños en edad escolar fue del 66% (IC del 95%: 52-78%). La prevalencia por región fue heterogénea, siendo el departamento del Amazonas donde se ubicó la prevalencia más alta (69%) y los Santanderes la más baja (28%). En los últimos 20 años, la prevalencia de helmintiasis ha disminuido del 64.66% en 1990-1995 al 22.09% en 2016-2020. Conclusión: La prevalencia de las IPIs es alta (>30%) en tres de las siete regiones de Colombia. Se recomienda la administración bianual masiva de antiparasitarios en niños en edad escolar en la región del Amazonas. Las políticas públicas destinadas a controlar las IPIs deben reforzarse. Futuros estudios de prevalencia deben incluir a los departamentos de Cesar, Guaviare, Vichada y Vaupés, ya que son departamentos donde la epidemiología de las IPIs es desconocida.

Abstract: Effective stakeholder engagement is vital for sustainable water management in the Bogotá River Basin, which faces serious environmental and socio-economic challenges, including water scarcity, pollution, and inequitable distribution. Engaging diverse stakeholders can promote shared decisionmaking, identify common goals, and enhance the implementation of sustainable water gov- ernance strategies. Taking this into account, this research evaluates multi-stakeholder engagement in the Bogotá River Basin in Colombia over the past 30 years to promote sustainable water man- agement in the face of current global challenges. The research methodology includes a desk-based and systematic review, as well as policy analysis using descriptive and quantitative methods. With the use of MAXQDA software, we identified 74 national, regional, and local policies focused on stakeholder engagement for water management in Colombia, which were narrowed down to 22 documents for the Bogotá River Basin. The policy analysis is based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicator for Principle 10 to self-assess the level of legal framework implementation and stakeholder engagement. The self-assessment pointed out that despite the strong legal background and the enhancement of stakeholder engagement via formal and informal participatory mechanisms in the first stages of policy-making, there is a lack of engagement in the evaluation and follow-up phases, leading to box-ticking mechanisms. The findings suggest that effective stakeholder engagement needs to be comprehensive in policy-making processes, especially in the evaluation and follow-up stages. Moreover, the river basin’s management can improve by making a clear disclosure about the outcomes of participatory processes. This research concludes that promoting shared decision-making, identifying common goals, and enhancing the implementation of sustainable water management strategies can greatly benefit the Bogotá River Basin. These efforts can lead to more effective and efficient use of water resources and ultimately contribute to a healthier and more sustainable environment.

Abstract: Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may be implicated in the pathophysiological pathways associated with an unfavorable outcome after acute brain injury (ABI). Differences in vCSF protein expression over time were evaluated using linear models and selected for functional network analysis using the PANTHER and STRING databases. The primary exposure of interest was the type of brain injury (traumatic vs. nontraumatic), and the primary outcome was the vCSF expression of DAMPs. Secondary exposures of interest included the occurrence of intracranial pressure ?20 or ? 30 mm Hg during the 5 days post- ABI, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, and neurological outcome (assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score) at 3 months post-ICU discharge. Secondary outcomes included associations of these exposures with the vCSF expression of DAMPs. A network of 6 DAMPs (DAMP_trauma; protein-protein interaction [PPI] P= 0.04) was differentially expressed in patients with ABI of traumatic origin compared with those with nontraumatic ABI. ABI patients with intracranial pressure ?30 mm Hg differentially expressed a set of 38 DAMPS (DAMP_ICP30; PPI P< 0.001). Proteins in DAMP_ICP30 are involved in cellular proteolysis, complement pathway activation, and post-translational modifications. Specific patterns of vCSF DAMP expression differentiated between traumatic and nontraumatic types of ABI and were associated with increased episodes of severe intracranial hypertension. Resumen: Los patrones moleculares asociados al peligro (DAMP) pueden estar implicados en las vías fisiopatológicas asociadas con un resultado desfavorable después de una lesión cerebral aguda (LCA). Las diferencias en la expresión proteíca vCSF a lo largo del tiempo se evaluaron utilizando modelos lineales y se seleccionaron para el análisis de redes funcionales utilizando las bases de datos PANTHER y STRING. La principal exposición de interés fue el tipo de lesión cerebral (traumática versus no traumática), y el resultado primario fue la expresión de DAMP en vCSF. Las exposiciones secundarias de interés incluyeron la aparición de presión intracraneal ?20 o ? 30 mm Hg durante los 5 días posteriores a la LCA, mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y resultado neurológico (evaluado mediante el Glasgow Outcome Score) 3 meses después del alta de la UCI. Una red de 6 DAMP (DAMP_trauma; interacción proteínaproteína [PPI] P = 0,04) se expresó diferencialmente en pacientes con LCA de origen traumático en comparación con aquellos con LCA no traumática. Los pacientes con ITB con presión intracraneal ?30 mm Hg expresaron diferencialmente un conjunto de 38 DAMPS (DAMP_ICP30; PPI P <0,001). Las proteínas en DAMP_ICP30 participan en la proteólisis celular, la activación de la vía del complemento y las modificaciones postraduccionales. Los patrones específicos de expresión de vCSF DAMP diferenciaron entre tipos de LCA traumática y no traumática y se asociaron con un aumento de episodios de hipertensión intracraneal severa.

Abstract: This thesis proposes an update to the NS-047 technical standard of the aqueduct and sewerage company of Bogota for storm drain design, introducing the comprehensive and modern UPC methodology. The research addresses the limitations of the current standard, emphasizing the importance of critical parameters such as flow depth and velocities for pedestrian and vehicle safety during storms. By considering a wide range of hydrologic and hydraulic factors, the UPC method provides a realistic representation of stormwater behavior and enables better system understanding and optimization. The adoption of UPC is expected to enhance stormwater management, promoting safety and sustainability in urban flood control. The application of the UPC methodology to a real-life case study, the CASU road project in Bogotá, demonstrates its effectiveness in optimizing storm drain design. The analysis identified areas for improvement, resulting in a revised approach with strategically located storm drains that effectively controlled runoff while reducing the number of structures. This optimization not only saves costs but also minimizes risks for road users. The comparison between EAAB and UPC methodologies highlights the superiority of the UPC method in terms of its comprehensive approach, graphical outputs, and ability to incorporate multiple roadways. To further improve storm drains designs, experimentation is recommended to determine capture coefficients for different structures, especially in low points critical for drainage efficiency and flood prevention. Obtaining accurate capture coefficients through real-world experiments will enhance the overall stormwater management performance and inform design decisions. By complementing the EAAB standard with the UPC methodology and conducting experimentation for capture coefficients, this research aims to provide a clearer, practical, and more effective storm drain design approach for infrastructure projects in Bogotá and other areas in Colombia.

Résumé: L’article soutient l’idée, contre-intuitive, que l’écriture fait fondamentalement partie des gestes de métier permettant et conduisant à la délivrance du discours oral radiophonique. Sur la base d’enquêtes d’orientation ethnographique et dans le cadre de la linguistique interactionnelle, on propose une approche praxéologique de la préparation des émissions et des contenus verbaux en relation avec la radiomorphose (« transformation de l’écrit en radio »). Le continuum observé entre micro et macro fonctionnements permet de reconsidérer le rôle de l’écrit dans la structuration générique des formats discursifs délivrés à l’antenne. Resumen: El artículo respalda la idea, contra-intuitiva, que la escritura hace parte fundamental de las actividades profesionales que permiten y conducen a la emisión del discurso oral radiofónico. Basado en investigaciones con orientación etnográfica y en el marco de la lingüística interaccional, propone un enfoque praxeológico de la preparación de emisiones y de contenidos verbales en relación con la radiomorfosis (“transformación de la escritura en radio”). El continuum observado entre los funcionamientos micro y macro permite reconsiderar el rol de la escritura en la estructuración genérica de los formatos discursivos emitidos al aire.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is involved in important biogeochemical reactions, such as the aerobic respiration of microbes, rock-weathering or contaminant degradation. The general view is that the deeper subsurface of continents is mostly anoxic. However, recent observations have shown that cracks in rocks can allow oxygen to reach deeper down, thus extending deeper the influence of oxygen in biogeochemical reactions. Here, we present a modeling framework validated with field data to understand and predict the hydrological and geological controls on DO evolution in silicate catchments, shedding new light on its influence on rock-weathering and microbial life in the continental subsurface. Resumen: El oxígeno disuelto (OD) interviene en importantes reacciones biogeoquímicas, como la respiración aeróbica de los microbios, la meteorización de las rocas o la degradación de contaminantes. La idea generalizada es que el subsuelo más profundo de los continentes es mayoritariamente anóxico. Sin embargo, observaciones recientes han demostrado que las grietas en las rocas pueden permitir que el oxígeno llegue a mayores profundidades, ampliando así la influencia del oxígeno en las reacciones biogeoquímicas. En este trabajo presentamos un marco de modelización validado con datos de campo para comprender y predecir los controles hidrológicos y geológicos sobre la evolución del OD en las cuencas de rocas silicatadas, mejorando así nuestra comprensión sobre su influencia en la meteorización de las rocas y la vida microbiana en el subsuelo continental.

Abstract: A great portion of the cataclysmic variable population, between 40% and 70%, is predicted to be made up of period-bouncers, systems with degenerate donors that have evolved past the period minimum. However, due to their intrinsic faintness, only a few of these systems have been observed and confidently identified so far. We have searched for X-ray emission as proof of accretion in order to confirm period-bounce cataclysmic variables. In this study, we used data from XMM-Newton and eROSITA on a pilot sample of three period-bounce candidates with a magnetic white dwarf, which are expected to exhibit stronger X-ray emission than non-magnetic systems due to more efficient conversion of matter accretion onto the white dwarf. In a dedicated XMM-Newton observation of the period-bounce candidate SDSS J151415.65+074446.5 we discovered X-ray modulation at the binary orbital period confirming it as an accreting system. The X-ray light curve and the X-ray spectrum display characteristics of magnetic Polar-type systems, allowing us for the first time to determine the X-ray luminosity and mass accretion rate for this system. Catalog data from eROSITA on the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma satellite for V379 Vir and SDSS J125044.42+154957.4 enabled a first look into the X-ray behavior of period-bounce candidates with this new all-sky instrument. From the eROSITA measurements, the X-ray luminosity and mass accretion rate were determined for the first time for SDSS J125044.42+154957.4, and the earlier result for V379 Vir from XMM-Newton was confirmed. The three cataclysmic variables with a magnetic white dwarf and very low-mass donor studied in this work present evidence for X-ray emission at a similar level of Lx[erg/s] ? 10^29, which, together with the detection of X-ray orbital modulation in two of them (i.e., V379 Vir and SDSS J151415.65+074446.5), unambiguously proves the presence of accretion in these systems. The detection of these period-bouncers at faint X-ray luminosity levels with the all-sky X-ray survey eROSITA offers new prospects for the identification of additional period-bouncers, providing impetus for theoretical studies of binary evolution.

Abstract: Purpose – Negativity towards a brand is typically conceived as a significant problem for brand managers. This paper aims to show that negativity towards a brand can represent an opportunity for companies when brand polarization occurs. To this end, the paper offers a new conception of the brand polarization phenomenon and reports exploratory findings on the benefits of consumers’ negativity towards brands in the context of brand polarization. Design/methodology/approach – To develop a conception of brand polarization, the paper builds on research on polarizing brands and extends it by integrating insights from systematic literature reviews in three bodies of literature: scholarship on brand rivalry and, separately, polarization in political science and social psychology. Using qualitative data from 22 semi-structured interviews, the paper explores possible advantages of brand polarization. Findings – This paper defines the brand polarization phenomenon and identifies multiple perspectives on brand polarization. Specifically, the findings highlight three distinct parties that can benefit from brand polarization: the polarizing brand as an independent entity; the brand team behind the polarizing brand; and the passionate consumers involved with the polarizing brand. The data reveal specific advantages of brand polarization associated with the three parties involved. Practical implications – Managers of brands with a polarizing nature could benefit from having identified a group of lovers and a group of haters, as this could allow them to improve their focus when developing and implementing the brands’ strategies. Originality/value – This exploratory study is the first explicitly focusing on the brand polarization phenomenon and approaches negativity towards brands as a potential opportunity. Resumen: Propósito: la negatividad hacia una marca generalmente se concibe como un problema importante para los gerentes de marca. Este artículo pretende mostrar que la negatividad hacia una marca puede representar una oportunidad para las empresas cuando se produce la polarización de la marca. Con este fin, el artículo ofrece una nueva concepción del fenómeno de la polarización de marca e informa hallazgos exploratorios sobre los beneficios de la negatividad de los consumidores hacia las marcas en el contexto de la polarización de marca. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: para desarrollar una concepción de la polarización de las marcas, el artículo se basa en la investigación sobre las marcas polarizantes y la amplía integrando conocimientos de revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura en tres cuerpos de literatura: estudios sobre la rivalidad de las marcas y, por separado, la polarización en las ciencias políticas y psicología social. Utilizando datos cualitativos de 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas, el artículo explora las posibles ventajas de la polarización de marcas. Hallazgos: este artículo define el fenómeno de la polarización de la marca e identifica múltiples perspectivas sobre la polarización de la marca. Específicamente, los hallazgos destacan tres partes distintas que pueden beneficiarse de la polarización de la marca: la marca polarizante como entidad independiente; el equipo de marca detrás de la marca polarizante; y los consumidores apasionados involucrados con la marca polarizante. Los datos revelan ventajas específicas de la polarización de marca asociadas con las tres partes involucradas. Implicaciones prácticas – Los gerentes de marcas con una naturaleza polarizante podrían beneficiarse de haber identificado un grupo de amantes y un grupo de detractores, ya que esto podría permitirles mejorar su enfoque al desarrollar e implementar las estrategias de las marcas. Originalidad/valor: este estudio exploratorio es el primero que se centra explícitamente en el fenómeno de la polarización de la marca y aborda la negatividad hacia las marcas como una oportunidad potencial.

Abstract: This article examines the interaction effects of formal and informal institutions on intrapreneurship in developed and developing countries. We use a multilevel logistic regression technique and data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for the years 2014–2020 with information from 29 developed countries (237,053 observations) and 31 developing countries (177,201 observations). The main findings highlight that informal institutions (fear of failure and media attention) are more relevant than the social status of entrepreneurs as predictors of intrapreneurship, in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the moderation of economic freedom as a formal institution differs depending on the economic development context. In developed countries, economic freedom enhances to a greater extent the relationship between social status and intrapreneurship, as well as between media attention and intrapreneurship. These findings can be useful for the design of intrapreneurship policies in adapting their strategies to the specific institutional environment.

Abstract: Landfills, as well as other waste management facilities, are well-known bioaerosol sources. These places may foment antibiotic resistance in bacterial bioaerosol (A.R.B.) due to inadequate pharmaceutical waste disposal. This issue may foster the necessity of using last-generation antibiotics with extra costs in the health care system and deaths. The aim of this study was to reveal the multiantibiotic-resistant bacterial bioaerosol emitted by a sanitary landfill and the surrounding area. We evaluated the influence of environmental conditions in the occurrence of A.R.B. and biological risk assessment. Antibiotic resistance found in the bacteria aerosols was compared with the AWaRE consumption classification. We used the BIOGAVAL method to assess the workers' occupational exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacterial bioaerosols in the landfill. This study confirmed the multiantibiotic resistance in bacterial bioaerosol in a landfill and in the surrounding area. Obtained mean concentrations of bacterial bioaerosols, as well as antibiotic-resistant bacterial bioaerosol (A.R.B.), were high, especially for fine particles that may be a threat to human health. Results suggest the possible risk of antibiotic-resistance interchange between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species in the landfill facilities, thus promoting antibiotic multi-resistance genes spreading into the environment. Resumen: Los vertederos, así como otras instalaciones de gestión de residuos, son fuentes bien conocidas de bioaerosoles. Estos lugares pueden fomentar la resistencia a los antibióticos en bioaerosoles bacterianos (A.R.B.) debido a una eliminación inadecuada de residuos farmacéuticos. Este problema puede fomentar la necesidad de utilizar antibióticos de última generación con costes adicionales en el sistema sanitario y muertes. El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar el bioaerosol bacteriano resistente a múltiples antibióticos emitido por un relleno sanitario y sus alrededores. Evaluamos la influencia de las condiciones ambientales en la aparición de A.R.B. y evaluación de riesgos biológicos. La resistencia a los antibióticos encontrada en los aerosoles de bacterias se comparó con la clasificación de consumo de AWaRE. Utilizamos el método BIOGAVAL para evaluar la exposición ocupacional de los trabajadores a bioaerosoles bacterianos resistentes a los antibióticos en el vertedero. Este estudio confirmó la resistencia a múltiples antibióticos en el bioaerosol bacteriano en un vertedero y sus alrededores. Las concentraciones medias obtenidas de bioaerosoles bacterianos, así como de bioaerosoles bacterianos resistentes a los antibióticos (A.R.B.), fueron altas, especialmente para las partículas finas que pueden ser una amenaza para la salud humana. Los resultados sugieren el posible riesgo de intercambio de resistencia a los antibióticos entre especies patógenas y no patógenas en las instalaciones del vertedero, promoviendo así la propagación de genes de resistencia múltiple a los antibióticos en el medio ambiente.