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Imagen de apoyo de Immunoidentification of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens using sera from chronically infected patients = Inmunoidentificación de los antígenos de Tripanosoma cruzi usando muestras de pacientes crónicamente infectados

Immunoidentification of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens using sera from chronically infected patients = Inmunoidentificación de los antígenos de Tripanosoma cruzi usando muestras de pacientes crónicamente infectados

Por: Hiliana Patricia Aristizábal Pineda | Fecha: 2015

This study analyzed immune reactivity of sera from chronic Chagasic patients living in Europe, using two available commercial ELISA kits (ORTHO® T. cruzi ELISA Test System and REM® Gold ELISA T. cruzi IgG), and in-house ELISA anti T. cruzi IgG which was optimized in this study. After carrying out ELISA for the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, the most reactive sera (n=15), the least reactive sera (n=13), and negative controls (n=7) were tested to find the most reactive T. cruzi proteins using an immunoblotting assay. Four groups of proteins based on their molecular weight were identified as the predominant immunogenic antigens for chronic Chagas disease. From these groups the most reactive antigens were proteins with molecular weights of between 40 kDa and 50 kDa and also proteins with 80 kDa. These proteins can be purified by immunoproteomic analysis and also it is important to test them for cross-reaction with Leishmania spp in order to develop a more sensitive and specific diagnostic test, particularly for the chronic stage of the disease. Additionally, they can be developed for use in future vaccines. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Medicina

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Immunoidentification of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens using sera from chronically infected patients = Inmunoidentificación de los antígenos de Tripanosoma cruzi usando muestras de pacientes crónicamente infectados

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Imagen de apoyo de The gaps in rural social protection in Colombia: a history of traps and disconnections = Las brechas en la protección social rural en Colombia: una historia de trampas y desconexiones

The gaps in rural social protection in Colombia: a history of traps and disconnections = Las brechas en la protección social rural en Colombia: una historia de trampas y desconexiones

Por: María Alejandra Botiva León | Fecha: 2011

The persistency of rural poverty along with a widened gap between urban and rural areas, darken the picture of progress in Colombia. This dissertation analyses the state of social protection in rural areas, paying attention to the different instruments available to the government in order to find out whether rural dwellers have effective protection tools against shocks. Using different diagnoses on the determinants of rural poverty, this work identifies the limited scope of the actual social protection system in addressing the many different sources of vulnerability that rural inhabitants have to face in Colombia. In addition, there is a lack of comprehensive rural development strategy to complement the operation of the social protection system in rural settings.  
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The gaps in rural social protection in Colombia: a history of traps and disconnections = Las brechas en la protección social rural en Colombia: una historia de trampas y desconexiones

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Imagen de apoyo de Preferential tariffs and export diversification: the G3 Free Trade Agreement case

Preferential tariffs and export diversification: the G3 Free Trade Agreement case

Por: Nelson Fabián Villarreal Rincón | Fecha: 2012

Exports concentration in a reduced number of economic sectors has been always a concern for trade policy makers, mostly in developing countries. According to the economic theory and some recent empirical evidence, market access in international trade is improved through free trade agreements and preferential tariff rate programs which could affect positively export diversification. Following a similar approach used by Debaere and Mostashari (2005) and Volpe and Gómez (2007), this paper estimates the effects on Colombia’s export diversification induced by the lower tariffs offered by Mexico and the broader preference margin vis-à-vis third countries in the Mexican market derived from the G3 Free Trade Agreement (FTA). For this purpose, dynamic Probit and dynamic Poisson models are estimated using an unbalanced panel data available from 1995 –year when the G3 FTA entry into force– to 2010, the latest year available. Moreover, this paper also attempts to estimate the effects of Venezuela’s withdrawal from G3 in 2006 and the effects of the bilateral crisis between Colombia and Venezuela in the second half of 2000s. In general, results show that lower tariffs faced by Colombian products in Mexico are associated with higher export diversification but this impact is sensitive to the economic cycle and a negative impact on diversification can arise depending on the specification of the model. Also, broader preferential margins in Mexico induce higher export diversification for Colombian products. However, there exists a strong dependence of export diversification in Colombia on the initial conditions and the past of the export portfolio offered to Mexico. On the other hand, Venezuela’s withdrawal from G3 FTA in 2006 had no effect on export diversification from Colombia to Mexico meanwhile the bilateral crisis showed –in some specifications– positive effects on the export diversification to Mexico, the latter revealing a trade deviation pattern. Macroeconomic control variables –including the real exchange rate– showed to be irrelevant to the model.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Economía

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Preferential tariffs and export diversification: the G3 Free Trade Agreement case

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Imagen de apoyo de The pedagogy of the birds – instinct + practice = La pedagogía de los pájaros – instinto + práctica

The pedagogy of the birds – instinct + practice = La pedagogía de los pájaros – instinto + práctica

Por: Jessica Rucinque Arbeláez | Fecha: 2013

The pedagogy of the birds’ is a cultural initiative, consisting of four creative collaborative actions, which seeks to develop conversations between the inhabitants of Brisas del Volador, a whole community living in extreme poverty in the south part of Bogotá, the Colombian capital, and [with] the society in which they live; with the intention of questioning and reconstructing the individual and collective identity they have lost because of the social problems they have faced, which has led them to a complete invisibility and exclusion of society. A series of events around talking, eating, walking, and unlearning are proposed as possible ways to provide the tools for the self-valorization of these people within the dynamics of the city, as political and social beings able to make real changes in the community. The whole initiative seeks to create a form of resistance to the label these people have, and empower them to potentialize their abilities, because they deserve to be seen by the rest of us and they are as precious as we all are, and they have to get aware of it.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The pedagogy of the birds – instinct + practice = La pedagogía de los pájaros – instinto + práctica

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Imagen de apoyo de Reporting on victims of violence: Media coverage of the extrajudicial killings in Colombia = Reportaje periodístico de víctimas de la violencia: Cobertura Mediática de las ejecuciones Extrajudiciales en Colombia

Reporting on victims of violence: Media coverage of the extrajudicial killings in Colombia = Reportaje periodístico de víctimas de la violencia: Cobertura Mediática de las ejecuciones Extrajudiciales en Colombia

Por: Sandra Milena Rodríguez Rojas | Fecha: 2010

This research examines the newspaper coverage, El Tiempo, of the extrajudicial killings in Colombia and in a wider context the media coverage of victims of violence. The literature found in this dissertation suggests that the way in which media report on victims of violence can either harm or help the healing process of the victims and victims’ family members. Moreover, ignoring the victims’ voices in the mass media and their personal testimony prevents the wider society from acknowledging the atrocities committed and the extent to which conflict has affected collective identity. Journalists, as story writers, bring the stories of pain and suffering to the wider society, therefore they play an important role on deconstructing the deeply damaged victims’ and their relatives’ identity. From a humane reporting perspective is argued that journalists’ and media organizations’ understanding of the psychological effects of trauma after violence can be an important and useful tool when covering violence. The content analysis of one year coverage on the extrajudicial killings in Colombia shows that institutionalized voices, for instance official viewpoints are privileged sources of information; moreover the use of journalistic structures such as writing style and news values prevent the victims and their relative’s testimonies to be heard and expose to the society. Several challenges are posed when reporting on conflict and victims of violence, therefore media organizations and media workers are encourage to critically reflect on their own practice in order to report on victims and trauma in a humane and transformative way.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Reporting on victims of violence: Media coverage of the extrajudicial killings in Colombia = Reportaje periodístico de víctimas de la violencia: Cobertura Mediática de las ejecuciones Extrajudiciales en Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

Por: Ana María Rojas Nariño | Fecha: 2009

This research investigated how monolingual Spanish speaking parents perceived their involvement during their daughters’ second language acquisition process, and what they believed the school should do to help them help their daughters. The researcher contacted 25 parents who live in Bogotá- Colombia and then administrated a questionnaire via email. It was found that: (1) Parents want to raise bilingual children in order to prepare them for the future but, (2) their low proficiency level in the second language is the main barrier to be 100 percent involved during the SLA process (3) Parents believe that in order for their daughters to be successful not only in acquiring a second language, but during their school life, both school and parents need to work as a team (4) Mothers, which according to the findings have the lowest proficiency in the second language, are the ones having to help their daughters at home with homework, and therefore the SLA process, adding an extra stress to their everyday household activities (5). The parents of this study know exactly want they want the school to teach them in order to feel proficient when helping their daughters, for that reason, the school needs to take the necessary steps to motivate, support and guide parents to be involved and effective when it comes to helping their daughters learn. Excerpts in both English and Spanish, are presented throughout the research. At the end, limitations of this research and recommendations for future research are stated.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

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Imagen de apoyo de Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

Por: Diana Marcela Benjumea Mejía | Fecha: 2014

In the present day is still thought that designing for poor means delivering low quality solutions. In a similar way the lack of sensibility and understanding of the local identity in scarce contexts is delivering many alien culturally approaches with no regard for actual needs or indigenous traditions. The outside world needs the labour of architects and designers that help to do far more than just survive, that help to live, and build a deeper comprehension of architecture that deals with the thoughts of the outside world but at the same time delivers appropriate structures, and shelters for scarce contexts, understanding the poetry of the space and the art of this communities. A deep interpretation and integration of culture, local identity and community participation will lead to the development of appropriate and successful architectural solutions in scarce contexts, a deeper understanding of the design criteria in projects located in those contexts is needed; several considerations need to be taken, starting with the idea of adapting different approaches from the design and construction stage, differing to some extend with the traditional architectural practice. On the basis of this argument, this research is intended to reveal the main design strategies and criteria used in scarce and extreme contexts. Three experienced architects in the field that had participated in some successful projects around the world were interviewed, leading to the induction of the main guidelines for assessing this sort schemes. The main aim is to propose a Colombian Oriented Solution for La Mojana, where the selection of three successful international case studies were filtered into the Colombian contexts, and analysed in order to abstract the main results. The consideration of topics such as culture and identity, vernacular architecture and technology will be analysed together in each project. Social consideration, participative design, environment, building design and specific building elements are the main parameters handled to analyse each project.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Arte

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Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

Por: Mary Luz Borrero Gómez | Fecha: 2010

The Upper Devonian Grosmont shelf complex is the world’s largest heavy oil deposit hosted in carbonates, with an estimated >50 billion cubic meters (318 to probably 406 billion bbls) of initial volume in place. At present the Grosmont is not yet under production. This study involves log interpretation, core examination; facies  description; strontium, sulphur, carbon, and oxygen isotope analysis. The Grosmont is subdivided into four shallowing-upward cycles. Most Hondo evaporites are part of the Upper Grosmont 3 and Lower Grosmont and were deposited in a series of small, shallow subaqueous brine ponds or in an extensive lagoon. In the eastern part of the area, the Hondo appears to be dissolved resulting in solution-collapse breccias. Other diagenetic processes that were important in shaping the present reservoir characteristics were pervasive dolomitization and dolomite recrystallization, fracturing, and karstification.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

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Imagen de apoyo de Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

Por: Mario Alberto Zapata Peláez | Fecha: 2011

Microbial pollution of water is one of the principal causes of life-threatening diarrheal diseases in the developing world. Ultraviolet (UV) light is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative for the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater in developed countries, but its feasibility in low-income areas has to be assessed further. The rural community of Cerro Grande, in Bolivia, has been hit by outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases, so two UV-based disinfection systems were implemented there. One of them was a fabricated unit, with materials available locally, whereas the other was a commercially-available unit. The fabricated unit was validated following USEPA procedures and was modeled using computational fluid dynamics. It was observed that a UV-based disinfection system can be sustainable for as few as 20 users, and even for 48 users in areas with poor feed water quality and lacking an electrical grid and distribution network, with a monthly cost of US$2.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería

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Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

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Imagen de apoyo de Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Por: Juan Pablo Borda Ángel | Fecha: 2011

The scope of this project is the redefinition of the algorithm of the wind-diesel hybrid system for rural electrification using ©IntiGIS, which is a methodology translated into a software developed by CIEMAT, useful for evaluating rural electrification projects that enables to compare different technologies based on the LEC, allowing to find which is the best and less costly technology. The analysis done considers the social and geographical particularities of the study area. The core of the new model is the definition of the renewable fraction for the wind-diesel hybrid system. For this, it was supposed that the renewable fraction will depend in first instance of the wind speed. Here, the objectives are: - find a relationship between the renewable fraction and the wind speed, and if there is a clear relationship, try to express it as a function, and – prove the influence of other parameters such as the fuel price and the consumption load in the renewable fraction behavior. The methodology followed to achieve the point above, was to use ©HOMER to simulate several wind-diesel hybrid systems and size the components of the system, in order to get the optimal renewable fraction in different scenarios. Other important point in the model is the wind capacity factor calculation for medium power wind turbines. As a result of the study, the model is more accurate estimating this factor, due to the fact the study was made, taking into account the power curves of some wind turbines that are in the market and are used for electrification purposes, in order to get an average behavior of the capacity factor when wind speed increases.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería

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Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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