Abstract: Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous compounds mainly produced during combustion and pyrolysis processes which also act as precursors for soot formation. The reduction of these air pollutants contributes to mitigate their impact on human health and on the environment. Moreover, the combustion chemistry of PAHs is not yet fully understood due to the vast number of chemical compounds isomers. Consequently, the development of a detailed kinetic mechanism capable of predicting PAH formation is necessary to understand the chemical phenomena behind these pollutants. The work of this thesis aims to systematically study the kinetics of growth, pyrolysis, and oxidation of three different chemical families of two-ring PAHs through the application of rate rules that have been derived for all the different reaction classes by analogy from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAH) characterized by the same functional group. The benefit of such an approach allows rate rules based optimization where needed, immediate rate rules revision when theoretical calculations become available. The new model is validated against several experimental data in a wide range of operative conditions in different ideal reactors and 1-D premixed flames. The comparison is performed between the new model predictions, the experimental data, and other kinetic models available in the literature. Firstly, indene decomposition is investigated under pyrolysis conditions in a flow reactor and its formation mechanisms in toluene primary reference fuels (TPFR) with further validations under flame conditions. Then, a detailed study on the reactivity of alphamethylnaphthalene based on new ignition delay times in shock tubes and rapid compression machines and laminar flame speed measurements is performed. The new model demonstrates the strong relation between indene and phenanthrene concentration and corroborates the analogy of characterizing chemical families by the same functional group. Finally, alpha-methylnaphthalene reactivity is predicted by using the application rate rules approach on H-abstraction reactions by OH, HO2, O, and O2 from toluene oxidation. The results shows that indeed kinetic modelling based of the rate rules application within chemical families represents a valid agreement between the simulations and experimental data. Overall, the model cannot satisfactorily predict all the operative conditions reviewed, but through the detailed analysis of the performance is possible to observe the contributions from the updated rates, which can be integrated and extended to further theoretical and experimental investigations. Moreover, further studies should be aimed at overcoming possible limits of the rate rules based optimization approach.

Resumen: La investigación nace del proceso actual de reconstrucción (postconflicto) de la sociedad colombiana, profundamente dividida por el conflicto armado y se detiene en una práctica de comunicación comunitaria popular y alternativa: el colectivo de comunicación comunitaria Alharaca por la paz, para comprender la participación de niños, niñas y adolescentes de 8 a 12 años de la región del piedemonte amazónico ubicada en el departamento de Caquetá - Colombia en acciones de cambio social. A través de la pregunta: ¿Cómo el colectivo de comunicación Alharaca por la paz promueve acciones de cambio social dentro de una comunidad afectada por el conflicto armado? Se describe cómo los y las niñas son agentes de cambio en sus comunidades a través de la producción de cortometrajes y estrategias de comunicación comunitaria, local y participativa. Abstract: The research stems from the current process of reconstruction (post-conflict) of Colombian society, deeply divided by the armed conflict, and focuses on a popular and alternative community communication practice: the community communication group Alharaca por la paz, to understand the participation of children and adolescents from 8 to 12 years of age from the Amazonian piedmont region located in the department of Caquetá - Colombia in actions of social change. Through the question: How does the communication group Alharaca por la paz promote actions of social change within a community affected by the armed conflict? It describes how boys and girls are agents of change in their communities through the production of short films and community, local and participatory communication strategies.

Abstract: This paper describes and explores practices of digital products associated with learning and education in architecture, practices of project design techniques (conception, realization, durability), designed and executed in order to generate processes, forms and visual content inappropriate to two historical modes of capitalism, the industrial and the cognitive, and their concomitant economies of work and attention. The practices were developed during the second semester of 2019 and the first semester of 2020, in two project design workshops of the School of Architecture and Habitat of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University of Bogotá. The objective is articulated with the approaches of the thematic table "Production, consumption and dissemination of educational audiovisual content in the digital medium. Learning and practice in the environment of cognitive capitalism", through the problems that it raises, namely, the possibility of generating visual content that is inappropriate for the consumer uses favored by cognitive capitalism and industrial capitalism. This, through practices of products sustained by those same modes of capitalism, which, moreover, sustain an epistemological model to which an orientation of disciplinary learning corresponds, as well as a repertoire of student and professional habits. The epistemological model is that of "conception / realization", in which the distinction between the processes that correspond to each of the terms of this (conception - realization), is essential; model to which corresponds an economy of work commonly called "chain work", in addition to an economy of attention that we will call "executive attention" and that is particularly named "entertainment" by some authors. The referred work economy is the characteristic of industrial capitalism, while the indicated attention economy is tributary to cognitive capitalism. Resumen: El presente documento sustenta, describe y explora, prácticas de productos digitales asociadas al aprendizaje y a la educación en arquitectura, esto es, prácticas de técnicas de diseño de proyecto (concepción, realización, durabilidad), pensadas y ejecutadas con el fin de generar procesos, formas y contenidos visuales inadecuados a dos modos históricos del capitalismo, el industrial y el cognitivo, y a sus economías concomitantes, la del trabajo y la de la atención. Las prácticas enunciadas se desarrollaron durante el segundo semestre del 2019 y el primer semestre del 2020, en dos talleres de diseño de proyectos de la Escuela de Arquitectura y Hábitat de la Universidad deBogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. El objetivo del presente trabajo descrito se articula con los planteamientos de la mesa temática “Producción, consumo y difusión de contenidos audiovisuales educativos en el medio digital. Aprendizaje y práctica en el entorno del capitalismo cognitivo”, mediante la problemática que losuscita, a saber, la posibilidad de generar contenidos visuales inadecuados a los usos consumistas favorecidos por el capitalismo cognitivo y el capitalismo industrial. Esto, a través de prácticas de productos sostenidos por esos mismos modos del capitalismo, los cuales, por demás, sostienen unmodelo epistemológico al cual corresponden una orientación del aprendizaje disciplinar, así comoun repertorio de hábitos estudiantiles y profesionales. El modelo epistemológico es el de “concepción / realización”, en el cual la distinción entre los procesos que corresponden a cada uno de los términos de este (concepción – realización), es capital; modelo al cual corresponde una economía del trabajo denominada comúnmente “trabajo en cadena”, además de una economía de la atención que llamaremos “atención ejecutiva” y que particularmente es nombrada por Algunos autores “entretenimiento”. La economía del trabajo referida es la característica del capitalismo industrial, mientras que la economía de la atención señalada es tributaria del capitalismo cognitivo.

Abstract: This research aims to identify a transformative model to regenerate the first-cycle school buildings in the post-pandemic city. Starting from the school infrastructure in Turin and compared with international cases, the research focuses on outdoor spaces, intended as a resource to face the pandemic’s critical situation and facilitate the integration of innovative learning processes. The two-step analysis findings concentrate firstly on the whole stock of first-cycle school buildings in Turin and secondly on a selection of representative cases. Those are the basis to propose a spatial toolkit that identifies design principles and architectural devices that could be generalized to other design contexts. Based on this theoretical and statistical work, the intervention is conducted in three schools in Turin, an experiment that follows a morphological and typological study as the base for identifying the transformative potential of the outdoor spaces. As a result, it has been possible to create the first spatial toolkit that summarises and conceptualizes design tools that could be put in action on school open spaces. Those strategies must improve the quality of the available space for a possible regeneration and new relations between the city and the school buildings, giving children the opportunity to have innovative outdoor learning activities and practical classes. Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar un modelo transformador para regenerar los edificios escolares de primer ciclo en la ciudad postpandemia. Partiendo de la infraestructura escolar de Turín y en comparación con casos internacionales, la investigación se centra en los espacios al aire libre, pensados como un recurso para enfrentar la situación crítica de la pandemia y facilitar la integración de procesos de aprendizaje innovadores. Los resultados del análisis en dos pasos se concentran, en primer lugar, en todo el stock de edificios escolares de primer ciclo en Turín y, en segundo lugar, en una selección de casos representativos. Esas son la base para proponer un conjunto de herramientas espaciales que identifica principios de diseño y dispositivos arquitectónicos que podrían generalizarse a otros contextos de diseño. Sobre la base de este trabajo teórico y estadístico, la intervención se lleva a cabo en tres escuelas de Turín, un experimento que sigue un estudio morfológico y tipológico como base para identificar el potencial transformador de los espacios al aire libre. Como resultado, ha sido posible crear el primer kit de herramientas espaciales que resume y conceptualiza las herramientas de diseño que podrían ponerse en práctica en los espacios abiertos de la escuela. Esas estrategias deben mejorar la calidad del espacio disponible para una posible regeneración y nuevas relaciones entre la ciudad y los edificios escolares, brindando a los niños la oportunidad de tener actividades innovadoras de aprendizaje al aire libre y clases prácticas.

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between the categories of reality and real, within the framework of the digital image, specifically in the simulations produced by the Heliodon software and the conception / construction processes associated with the BIM methodology. From this relationship arises the problem of the unexpected actor as an artifact of visual culture. To reality corresponds the fictitious, subjective image, organized in Indexes and ready to be archived. On the contrary, what is real corresponds to the image of the evidence, objective, of power, the image of the artifact inadequate to the current indexing processes. The hypothesis to be worked on is that, given the characteristics of the BIM methodology and the production of simulations of the Heliodon software, it is possible to give space to the unexpected in the field of the image, that is, to the indications of the real in the image of reality. The base on which we build the theme unfolds in four acts: a problematization of the real and its possibilities of action as excluded from reality and its images; a description of how an unexpected actor, doing at the Bauhaus, bursts into the index conception / realization; an epistemological differentiation between the notions is index / indications; an argumentation of the possibilities of action that the real presents in the BIM methodology and the Heliodon software. Resumen: Este artículo explora la relación entre las categorías de realidad y real, en el marco de la imagen digital, específicamente en las simulaciones producidas por el software Heliodon y los procesos de concepción / construcción asociados a la metodología BIM. De esta relación surge la problemática del actor inesperado en tanto artefacto de la cultura visual. A la realidad corresponde la imagen ficticia, subjetiva, organizada en índices y lista para ser archivada. Al contrario, a lo real corresponde la imagen de los indicios, objetiva, de la potencia, la imagen del artefacto inadecuada a los procesos vigentes de indexación. La hipótesis a trabajar reza que, dadas las características de la metodología BIM y la producción de simulaciones del software Heliodon, es posible otorgar espacio a lo inesperado en el campo de la imagen, esto es, a los indicios de lo real en la imagen de la realidad. La base sobre la cual construimos la temática se despliega en cuatro actos: una problematización de lo real y sus posibilidades de acción en tanto excluido de la realidad y sus imágenes; una descripción de como un actor inesperado, el hacer en la Bauhaus, irrumpe en índex concepción / realización; una diferenciación epistemológica entre la noción es índex / indicios; una argumentación de las posibilidades de acción que lo real presenta en la metodología BIM y el software Heliodon.

Sobre suministro de luz y fuerza electricas a los Municipios adquisicion de empresas de energia electrica de telefonos y de acueductos e intervencion del Estado en la prestacion de los servicios de las mismas empresas

Sobre suministro de luz y fuerza electricas a los Municipios adquisicion de empresas de energia electrica de telefonos y de acueductos e intervencion del Estado en la prestacion de los servicios de las mismas empresas

Abstract: The urban projects proposed by subsequent administrations from Bogota with thepurpose of solving concerns regarding homeless youth have been developed as aresponse to physical and spatial issues, as well as public health difficulties associated withdrug use. The crisis addressing the current global health emergency proves that theseprojects associate power technologies that seek despacialization trend. Besides studying the problem area previously described, the present article analyzes a series of spatial components adapted to the spatialization for homeless youth exposed to covid-19. Resumen: Los proyectos urbanos propuestos por sucesivas administraciones de Bogotá con el propósito de resolver la problemática de los/as jóvenes habitantes de calle han sido formulados como respuestas a problemas físico-espaciales y de salud pública asociados con el consumo de drogas. La actual coyuntura de emergencia sanitaria global evidencia que estos proyectos vehiculizan tecnologías de poder que procuran el fenómeno de desespacializacion. Además de estudiar la problemática descrita, en el presente artículo se analiza una serie de elementos espaciales adecuados a la espacialización de los/as jóvenes habitantes de calle expuestos al covid-19.

Abstract: Background: Although Latin American migrants (LAMs) are one of the fastest-growing migrant populations in England, they still face health barriers that make them unaware of their HIV status, leading to late HIV diagnosis, AIDS, and even death. Thus, this study aims to assess the differences in HIV outcomes among newly HIV-diagnosed LAMs compared to other England populations. Methods: Data on new HIV/AIDS diagnoses in the UK during the 2011-2020 period were obtained from the HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths Database (HANDD) and the HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS). Potential associations between the region of birth and late HIV diagnosis, AIDS at HIV diagnosis, and mortality were analysed by logistic regression. Furthermore, a comparison between LAMs and the main populations living in the UK was examined. Lastly, a descriptive trend analysis was made. Results: From 2011 to 2020, 47,828 new HIV diagnoses were reported in the UK, with almost a third (29.2%) being late diagnoses. Over half of new diagnoses (52%) were made in migrants, LAMs representing 9.3% of those diagnoses. In general, newly diagnosed HIV LAMs are not more likely to be diagnosed late than UK residents (aRRR: 1.02; 95%CI: 0.90–1.15). However, some subgroups are more likely to be diagnosed late than their UK counterparts (e.g., 15-24 years old). Regarding AIDS and mortality, LAMs are less likely to be diagnosed with AIDS (aOR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.35–0.71) or die by any cause (aOR: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.16–0.52) than UK residents. Finally, the number of new HIV diagnoses among LAMs increased in those ten years, but the number of late diagnoses remained nearly constant. Conclusions: Although the current HIV epidemiological situation of LAMs living in the UK is not troublesome, the expansion of the LAM population and their increasing number of new HIV diagnoses could become a public health challenge in the coming years. Therefore, to accomplish the 2030 zero HIV transmission goal, it is necessary to integrate the migrant community into future public policies and categorise them as the ‘sixth’ HIV key population in the UK.

Abstract: Navigating the intersection between brands and museums through a cross-innovation methodology, commercial brands can gain insights to leverage their power of influence to seed a more prosocial culture, as many “purpose-driven organisations” and “brands on a mission” do in response to changing audiences. This article presents a qualitative experiment inspired by the ways museums relate to their public, designed to explore young and museum users’ ideas about this concern.