Abstract: The evolution of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella species in response to selective pressure and the extent to which this may be reversible is not fully understood. The spread of carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is considered a public health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As such, more studies are needed to understand the evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms to determine if it is possible to reverse this trend. Highlighted In this study, a comprehensive characterisation of a clinical Klebsiella quasipneumoniae isolate called FK688 is performed. The FK688 strain is resistant to multiple antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems and caused a bloodstream infection in a hospitalised patient. A combinational approach of genomic, enzymatic, and machine learning analyses did not uncover any carbapenemase-encoding genes in FK688. Rather, this research showed that epistatic changes are necessary for FK688 to acquire a CRE phenotype. Evolution experiments demonstrated the fitness burden associated with antimicrobial resistance determinants and the reversion to a carbapenem-susceptible phenotype in an antibiotic-free environment. Fitness assays showed that a low concentration of ceftazidime selects for a ?- lactamase gene and can potentiate evolution to carbapenem resistance by a single-step mutation in the porin OmpK36. This study demonstrated the importance of epistatic events and how variation in drug exposure can shape the evolutionary pathway to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Résumé: Ce èémoire de première année de master cherche à établir des réflexions et des dialogues entre, d'une part, une tradition graphique et historique et, d'autre part, une dynamique creative expérimentale et interdisciplinaire. A partir de l'étude et de l'analyse de définitions précises concernant l'univers des arts graphiques, un parcours est proposé à travers différents ateliers et manifestations artistiques permettant d'apprécier l'évolution des arts graphiques jusqu'à nos jours. Cela confirme que la pratique artistique des arts graphiques continue de susciter l'intérêt de nombreux artistes contemporains. Resumen: Esta tesis de primer año de maestria, busca establecer reflexiones y diálogos entre, por un lado, una tradición gráfica e histórica y, por otro, una dinámica creativa experimental e interdisciplinar. A partir del estudio y análisis de definiciones precisas concernientes al universo de las artes gráficas se plantea un recorrido por diferentes talleres y manifestaciones artísticas que permiten apreciar la evolución de las artes gráficas hasta la actualidad. Lo que permite confirmar que la práctica artistique alrededor de las artes gráficas continua a interesar a varios artistas contemporáneos.

Abstract: This study focuses on the ways perceptions and realities of transit migration shape the poli-tics and practices of health-related social provisioning for transit migrants in the Colombian side of the Darien Gap, particularly in the municipalities of Turbo and Necoclí. It contributes to understanding the logics of inclusion and exclusion that justify which services are provided to this population and how. Moreover, it studies the intersection between the vulnerabilities of transit migrants and the precarious conditions that they find in this border zone. This research is based on 15 interviews with formal actors involved in the provisioning of health and 12 residents of Turbo and Necoclí, as well as on observations in strategic locations where migrants access public health services. This study finds that transit migrants arrive to health provisioning system in which non-governmental actors support and complement the public provisioning of health for transit migrants and that the conception of transit migrants as outsiders of the system of provisioning is problematized in a context in which legal citizenship does not guarantee social rights.

Abstract: This study explores a rupturing way of understanding the value of domestic work from a feminist economics perspective based on the voices of Latin American migrant domestic workers in the Netherlands. Using a feminist standpoint view epistemology and qualitative methods of research, this document presents what is the value of domestic work according to their experiences and thoughts. The value of domestic work is defined by domestic workers into three levels: what is value for domestic workers, for employers, and for society. Value is relational, contextual-dependent and contradictory. Despite its importance for the human flourishing, devaluation appears at all levels of value, and it is expressed in the corporeal experiences by domestic workers Findings hope to contribute to making visible the domestic work in a context of migration as well as enriching feminist economics epistemologies and methodologies of research.

Abstract: The modelling of the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is not yet common in the construction industry, and BIM projects usually do not include surface-subsurface models. Hence, information about the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is often outdated and excluded from the BIM procedures. If the surface and subsurface information is available and included in the BIM models, the processes of design, planning, construction, rehabilitation or demolition could enable advanced uses and applications of BIM that can improve the construction life cycle management. With an increasing inclusion of the subsurface in BIM models, the need for standards for this type of models is emerging. Besides, the interoperability between geological/geotechnical software and BIM is continuously improving. Thus, this thesis first explores relevant project case studies, standards and software that enable modelling of the surface and subsurface in BIM. Based on the review, a digital workflow for modelling of surface-subsurface models for demanding technological facilities is proposed and tested on a case study of the hydro-power plant project HE Mokrice. Also, a proposal for standardisation in terms of the level of development for the surface-subsurface models is discussed, as well as some interoperability analysis between the software involved. Finally, given that the infrastructure projects expose an increasing demand for BIM, consequently, this requires expertise in BIM methodologies for modelling of topography, geological and geotechnical conditions; this theoretical study and practical research work propose valuable workflows that can be implemented in the industry for technological projects. The proposed approach is opening a wide range of possibilities of uses in digital workflows that can generate significant savings in terms of time, costs, management of unforeseen events and problems for the AECO industry in the lifetime of constructions.

Abstract: These orientation fluctuations trigger the so-called mismatch losses in PV strings, as every PV module along the same string is receiving different irradiance levels. In consequence, the string power output is determined by the PV module producing the least power. As of now, PV project developers do not count with PV modelling software capable of handling the wave dynamics created by wind blowing over water bodies, so they rely on strong gross assumptions in order to make these still inadequate tool work for this purpose, risking a miscalculation of the energy yield of these solar-based installations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of waves on the performance of floating systems along with the analysis of the cooling effects related to the exposure of PV modules to the free water surface. For this, it was selected three potential sites for the deployment of floating PV plants as well as two of the most popular racking structures used floating photovoltaics: individual floaters where each PV module is supported by a floater, and modular raft in which strings of PV modules are installed on top of rafts. For the wave field modelling, a python script has been developed relying on the PVlib package and meteorological inputs from the Meteonorm software and NASA’s MODIS satellite. The wave fields are modelled by means of the JONSWAP and the SPM wave energy spectrum for deep and shallow waters, respectively. Thus, a stochastic approach is taken for the modelling of the wave field, which is made of overlapping waves. With regards to the wave – PV module interaction, a geometrical approach was implemented supported on simple vector calculus, seeking low computational resource demands for a faster processing. Simulation results show how the direction of wave propagation is set to be the determining factor in the understanding, estimation, and the development of mitigation strategies of mismatch losses, while other wave characteristics do not play a crucial role in this issue. Similarly, it was demonstrated how modular rafts floating PV configurations present, under the right circumstances, energy gains compared to groundmounted setups. In contrast, individual floaters are set to always experience mismatch losses, ranging up to from 5% to 10%.

Abstract: Crises are socially constructed. Affected stakeholders of an organizational crisis conceive complex associa-tions between their perceptions of the implicated company’s response and about the company itself. The study moves away from a simple cause–effect view by deriving alternative configurations of these associa- tions. This approach allows for a better understanding of how stakeholders attribute responsibility for a critical event and the resulting crisis faced by the company that caused it. Using partial least squares struc- tural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we analyze insights of 325 families affected by an environmental incident in 2018 involving Colombia’s largest company. We establish a cor- relation between stakeholders’ perceptions of crisis response timeliness and credibility. Accordingly, we expand on how perceptions affect organizational judgments. Finally, we propose that trustworthiness and reputation are antecedents to how organizational crisis response is perceived and how these antece- dents affect the degree of the severity of the company crisis. Resumen: Las crisis se construyen socialmente. Los stakeholders afectados por una crisis organizacional conciben asociaciones complejas entre sus percepciones sobre la respuesta de la empresa implicada y sobre la empresa misma. El estudio se aleja de una simple visión de causa y efecto al derivar configuraciones alternativas de estas asociaciones. Este enfoque permite una mejor comprensión de cómo las partes interesadas atribuyen la responsabilidad de un evento crítico y la crisis resultante que enfrenta la empresa que lo causó. Mediante el uso de un modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales y un análisis cualitativo comparado de conjuntos borrosos, el trabajo analiza las respuestas de 325 familias afectadas por un incidente ambiental en 2018 que involucró a la empresa más grande de Colombia. En tal sentido, el trabajo establece una correlación entre las percepciones de estos stakeholders con la oportunidad y la credibilidad de la respuesta a la crisis. En consecuencia, se amplía la forma en que las percepciones afectan los juicios organizacionales. Finalmente, el trabajo propone que la confiabilidad y la reputación son antecedentes de cómo se percibe la respuesta organizacional a una crisis y cómo estos antecedentes afectan el grado de severidad de una crisis de empresa.

Abstract: Night work is one of the most recognized responsibilities of security personnel. Feeling vital is a necessary condition for assuring proper development of this function. Thus, the analysis of its effects on physical and mental conditions is a relevant resource for achieving adequate results at individual and organizational levels. Based on a ques- tionnaire applied to 184 private security guards in Colombia, this study examines the subjective vitality of the personnel working during night shifts and its association with self-perceptions regarding their physical and mental health. Additionally, it analyzes the interference that various demographic variables exert on these relationships. By using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the study found that subjec- tive vitality significantly affects night workers’ mental health more than their physical health. That is, subjective vitality among respondents explains 51% of the variability of mental health and 36% of the variability of physical health. A further significant effect of physical health on mental health was also evidenced, in which the former explains the 25% of the latter variability. When comparing results between genders, the study shows that the variability of mental health explained by subjective vitality among women is larger than among men (75% vs. 28%). These results are discussed in light of the theoretical aspects of organizational behavior and are grounded around their potential to address the phenomenon of human resource management in prac- tice. Practical implications include the need for organizational schemes that balance physical and mental health among night workers. Resumen: El trabajo nocturno es una de las responsabilidades más reconocidas del personal de seguridad. Sentirse vital es una condición necesaria para asegurar el correcto desarrollo de esta función. Así, el análisis de sus efectos sobre las condiciones físicas y psíquicas es un recurso relevante para lograr resultados adecuados a nivel individual y organizacional. A partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 184 guardias de seguridad privada en Colombia, este estudio examina la vitalidad subjetiva del personal que labora en turnos nocturnos y su asociación con las autopercepciones sobre su salud física y mental. Además, analiza la interferencia que sobre estas relaciones ejercen diversas variables demográficas. Mediante el uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales, el estudio encontró que la vitalidad subjetiva afecta significativamente la salud mental de los trabajadores nocturnos más que su salud física. Es decir, la vitalidad subjetiva de los encuestados explica el 51% de la variabilidad de la salud mental y el 36% de la variabilidad de la salud física. También se evidenció otro efecto significativo de la salud física sobre la salud mental, en el que la primera explica el 25% de la variabilidad de la segunda. Al comparar los resultados entre géneros, el estudio muestra que la variabilidad de la salud mental explicada por la vitalidad subjetiva entre las mujeres es mayor que entre los hombres (75% vs. 28%). Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los aspectos teóricos del comportamiento organizacional y se basan en su potencial para abordar el fenómeno de la gestión de recursos humanos en la práctica. Las implicaciones prácticas incluyen la necesidad de esquemas organizacionales que equilibren la salud física y mental entre los trabajadores nocturnos.

Abstract: In mammalian females, germ cells remain arrested as primordial follicles. Resumption of meiosis is heralded by germinal vesicle breakdown, condensation of chromosomes, and their eventual alignment on metaphase plates. At the first meiotic division, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome associated with Cdc20 (APC/CCdc20) activates separase and thereby destroys cohesion along chromosome arms. Because cohesion around centromeres is protected by shugoshin-2, sister chromatids remain attached through centromeric/pericentromeric cohesin. We show here that, by promoting proteolysis of cyclins and Cdc25B at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, APC/C associated with the Cdh1 protein (APC/CCdh1) delays the increase in Cdk1 activity, leading to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). More surprisingly, by moderating the rate at which Cdk1 is activated following GVBD, APC/CCdh1 creates conditions necessary for the removal of shugoshin-2 from chromosome arms by the Aurora B/C kinase, an event crucial for the efficient resolution of chiasmata.

Resumen: El teletrabajo puede ser considerado una innovación organizacional, que en la actualidad ha adquirido una gran notoriedad debido al crecimiento exponencial en su ritmo de implementación. Aunque estudios previos se han centrado en diferentes resultados del teletrabajo, su impacto sobre el comportamiento innovador es un tópico de reciente investigación. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de literatura sobre el tópico del comportamiento innovador y el entorno del teletrabajo. Asimismo, se plantea la exploración y clasificación de los antecedentes del comportamiento innovador. Sus resultados dan cuenta de la pertinencia del tópico en mención, así como de las claras oportunidades que futuras investigaciones podrían aprovechar para ampliar el conocimiento existente. Abstract: Teleworking can be considered an organizational innovation, which has currently acquired great notoriety due to the exponential growth in its rate of implementation. Although previous studies have focused on different outcomes of telework, its impact on innovative behavior is a topic of recent research. In this sense, this paper aims to present a literature review on the topic of innovative behavior and the teleworking environment. Likewise, the exploration and classification of the antecedents of innovative behavior is proposed. Their results show the relevance of the topic in question, as well as the clear opportunities that future research could take advantage of to expand existing knowledge.