Abstract: This research questions how ‘human rights’ are used in a parliamentary inquiry on the coercive or involuntary sterilisation of people with disabilities in Australia. Throughout three chapters, the thesis breaks down ‘human rights’ as a concept and as a practical approach in development programming. Chapter two delves into the multiple understandings of rights in the development literature and incorporates contributions from legal anthropology and the field of the social studies of science and technology to understand human rights in the development context. Chapter three proposes an “ethnography in the archives” as a methodological design that pushes disciplinary boundaries to understand the value of documents and arguments in how different stakeholders inside and outside of the development field engage with issues such as the coercive sterilisation of people with disabilities. Finally, chapter four offers an analysis derived from 82 documents presented in the parliamentary inquiry in Australia. This chapter shows this thesis’s main argument: That human rights differ from what this research calls ‘everyday rights’, which are the claims articulated by people drawing upon their lived experiences rather than human rights treaties or arguments. This argument sheds light on how development practice often faces a gap between what the stated outcomes are in terms of Human Rights-Based Approaches and the practical realities of rights claims. Resumen: Esta investigación cuestiona cómo se utilizan los 'derechos humanos' en una investigación parlamentaria sobre la esterilización coercitiva o involuntaria de personas con discapacidad en Australia. A lo largo de tres capítulos, la tesis desglosa los 'derechos humanos' como concepto y como enfoque práctico en el mundo del desarrollo. El capítulo dos profundiza en las múltiples interpretaciones de los derechos en la literatura sobre desarrollo e incorpora contribuciones de la antropología jurídica y el campo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología para comprender los derechos humanos en el contexto del desarrollo. El capítulo tres propone una “etnografía en los archivos” como un diseño metodológico que traspasa los límites disciplinarios para comprender el valor de los documentos y argumentos sobre cómo diferentes actores dentro y fuera del campo del desarrollo se involucran con temas como la esterilización forzada de personas con discapacidad. Finalmente, el capítulo cuatro ofrece un análisis derivado de 82 documentos presentados en la investigación parlamentaria en Australia. Este capítulo muestra el argumento principal de esta tesis: que los derechos humanos difieren de lo que esta investigación llama “derechos cotidianos”, que son los reclamos articulados por personas basándose en sus experiencias vividas en lugar de tratados o argumentos de derechos humanos. Este argumento arroja luz sobre cómo la práctica del desarrollo a menudo enfrenta una brecha entre los resultados esperados de los enfoques basados en los derechos humanos y las realidades prácticas de los reclamos de derechos.

ELCAC ~ · 1 ) non libere ?Jeritatem. pronuncia!, Se publicará este periódico todos l~s do~'ir.tg<>$ ;í lll5 die~ de la mañana, i se •cndl}ra en la ü~nda d.cl ~e.Mr An ... ' tonio :Yelet, en la primera calle del eo~Mroi~, donde se admitirán suSJ?riciones' por t.rim~sg:es l\l prf.\Cit> ~~ 1 di~~ ~es. 1, PARTE OFICIAL. r . RESOLUCION Nos Fr. Jerzmdio de Campazas etc etc. ~te. Vista la r.edam~ciop hecha p9r el autor del ar· ticulo titulado Terremoto en Pasto, contra las dispo~i­ciones de nuestro decl'elo inserto en el númcl'o 5o del Cachaco de Bogota; resulta : 1. o Que el autor del reclamo asegura que es es 1rem\11Uente m.orlet'ttdo; i para . tlal' pruebas de ello dice que.el Cachaco tiene pl'elensidnes li\iserahles, que es imñoderaclo, que le enseñará a respetar a sus semejan­tes, que esta plagado de defectos gaJTnfales, que el arti.culo TerremptQ en Pasto está P,erfeclamente hien escrito,. porque stendo asuntos ,&ubli~es los tet·remotos, i preslandl)se á ~os coloridos de 1a poesfa, deben tt·a· Llrse ~n los términos que NOS hemos meroio t>n' la Nueva Gn:mada los huqnes que han entrado i ~alido de> nnestr(l~ .puort~1' el estado jeneral de los ingresos i egFosos eutitt· aJ]gw. nos de lo$ ¡h•oyectos importa te& que quedarQ:w pe1b dientés err la pasád'a•lejislatuiiá 1 , • • Tenem~s fun-dadas es~t'nt! a él, u o pre­cisamente porque fu<'se él, sino porque, como bt euo ciudadanos, era de su deuer opolleJ se a que ~os der·e­chos del pueblo fuesen conculc.,do:;. He aquí 'esplicaclo nuestro afecto á Bolívar en uu tiempo, i nueslt'rr de la independencia. · · HociJas estas no.ar<~ci•llÍC's, nveriguemo ah si es 'cto lo que tlice el Pit·i go, acerca de J.-. e caciou que en oLt·as oé;·etenden G~P<'''él l' d~junas p!·o,·i':tC""Ías del rr. !"Lo la r ue 'a Gt·anaúa, Jos CJUC ('n loi'J?C:C('. la nc-don l.ts le) es, parfl que no se castigw· a indi\ iduo · ca, i han dado motivos p;u·a una guer a con una nttt"~i podt•rosa, los que desfigur:m los heclv s, p·u·.1 df'cir en la .Nueva Grrnada se cometen a entod•1s ese;t lusvs contr.1 la libert::~cl i segurid.Hl individual, los d~sacreditan l.~ providencias ·del ejecutivo, élunque e eslén fo ndado~s en las le.} e!?, i los cpte insultan i digan apodos éÍ Jos encargados del gebiemo . upre con d 1inico ohjeto S¡Julsiou de la St·a. Munuela Saenz; i para u<;: el pú:>ii(!O ju1.gne de J~ ,justicia de las observa­i~ t•·C" t.lel Piring.0, ltarémos Ul)a reseña del curso que ste H·gocio ha Lenidó, dc~rle que se d<>cretó la espul-lon de e La ·mujer. :{!:u •'bosta de t83o previuo el >r .feelo de Cundin :nN;~¡·ca .; Manuela S<~enz lJUe dc­Lcr" Íiot·io del estado, por haber cometido • 1 1 • • . 1 • :tl'l( ' ~ é1Clf•S CSC'éinc,« OS::lS ·1. CI'IIUlllr• suspe11sa, i en fecto, en agor,lo '.'e t833 . e in imo á la Sra Snenz u e 1nl¡) llllicnto . .E la pidtú una prc)t·oga del término ue se le Jt-,hj,¡ concet ttl•l, i se é\Ccedio á su solicitml. Cu:nplitlo el nuevo térqt!no, se le hizo ot•·a iutima­= un, diciéuJ·ec i a u e nll' estuviese fut•ra de Bogotá, i q ne. si no, s< le s:-.cal'ia con una par·tida de soldados Llegó es'e (Jia- la S ~- no se h.1bia ido; era preci o que 1 S or }< ll(' Sll p .riorcs ll fuesen hur}adas, po fJUe J ,.. 1 .. i ol· erno en J;¡ Ntlf!V Grnn.1da; eJ Sr. Lot·enzo J,lt'J';lS • 'C) a CUmplir :1 OC quo S~ tríltil; J.!zo SU . bcr, :l 1 esar de b resistencia con annas d<~ dicha ra.; i l:e aqui ln que ha dnclo mo~~vo á lOI'IDCI1( l'CS ele fá salida, DOS referimos a lo ffUe ya liemos dicho en ot.r ·• imeN>. Cnsi no?.hc rece conte~tarse lo que dice el Pirin­o acerca ~lel decreto en que el ejecutivo ncgo la l'o nmut~ciob de la pena de Angniano. Prelend r que el ejecutivo dcuii, consultar al consejo de estado si conmulah:t ó no la pe a, cuando él opinaha que 110 dC'hiP.ra conmutarse, es queret .. buscar cargos ~n donde 1 mus cavÜoso jurisconsulto no podria encontrarlos. ara conmutar las pen­'. tes •del Santuario, qu~ U. venga á Mompox, parfi que ito vüya ti • hacer algun otro · pronunoiamiento:como el de t83o, i tengamos entóncas, no qua•apearle las char-etet'bs; don qae se adorno, i confinaFlo, sino man­- darlo a pronunciarse a la rejion -de lQs mue~;Los. Ven­ga V. p~¡r.a Mompoi; que . es por su bien que se le ~ada d~ Garujenat po11que ~llá. le iban calentando .mucho los éascos algut'las .ientes mal intencionadas~ r¡ al Vét: éGn el tiempo le ha1·ian pr.onunciarse, i los "jueées t:én.tlrhm que pronunciar contra U. la pena de lo:t eol1spir~sen~n. ¡ Ojala qu~ . todos los consules franceses profesaran los mi~os prinoipios, i se arreglaran á ellos; r que l"os· ~mpleaJos subaltemos del gobierno frances htcieran lo mismo! Eotónces no se uos hubriarr presentado ele­, ·ando hasta las nubes á algun cónsul, para con-ven-: cernas de que se le habia hecho una injuria que no se podía reparar sino prostituyendo b dignidad na .. oioual; no habría 0\patecido en documentos oAciales un ajente CQUlet•cial qomo el representq,nte de zma nacion graqde; i· no se habri.m profcri(lo fanfatrorlá­díls, que en tiempos antiguos nó impidieron las catás .. trofes dT! A.zincourt, Po!tier~, i Crecy; i en los moder­nos las de los Arapiles, i ·otras. AL NUMERO 4. 0 DE LOS DICERES. Los pert'OS ~dmban a la ltma . SECRETA.lHA DEL SENADO. (Remitido.) Sr. editor del CttGhaco., Hemos Tisto la l1istoria de esta seet:etana en los años de 33 á 34, pnhlicad;¡ por el Sr. IJorenzo Ll-eras, a quien se le ha hecho un gr:mde agt~vió, como de ella aparece. El senado no admitio la }·enuncia al Sr. José Vicente Martinez, i este se ha -visto forzado a posesionarse.; pero creemos, que este jó"en no conti­nuara por lárgo tiempo, tanto en razon de sus habi­tuales enfermedades de los ojos i del pecho, cuanto por sus negocios mE:'t'cantiles·, que lo reclaman de pre­ferencia. Ademas, él es tan liberal i exaltado como Llet·as, i estamos seguros de-que no gustara a la equ{­voca mitad, como Lleras .. la apellida. Por tanto, i como pudieran verse e~barazados los señores Gutier- _,rez 'Moreno, Ca:rdoso i Mosquera en la eleccion de su l)Ucesor, nosotl'os nos· tomamos la libertad de pre­sentarles los siguientes candidatos, que sin duda s&­rán de su mas alta :1p•·obacion Picente Gtu1:errez Piñeres, ex-jenernl. Jose Maria de la Serna, ex-coronel. Manuel Arjona, coronel prófugo. Nos parece que no tendrán ohje~ion que hace á estos caballeros, i esperamos que provean la seére· tar1a tan pronto como sea posible en cualquiera de ellos, pues estamos seguros de que les ayadará en sus planes lib('rticidas. Una eleccion ~n popular mere­cerá sin duda la ~ratitud de la .nacion. Unos Cachacos. A LOS COl\RESPONSALES DEL CACHACO. Hemos recibido 4 o 5 comunicados sobre diver­sos objetos,ademas de los que boi publicamos. Como la estreche~ d~ nuestras columnas no uos pel'tnite Ínsertarl9s, SUS <1\ltOres pueden OC'Urrir a c:~sa del editor a recibh·los7 si es que desean que se les de­vuelvan. AVISO. En la tj~nd~ del Sr. Antonio Velez ~e venden colee· ciones de este peri9d,ico desde el número 1. 0 hasta el 5:&. ~ -Coq escepcion del 1 o. 0 , al precio de 28 rea-les cada llfl• . · OTRO_ Con este ~J{1Jl~l'() concluyen lo~ trece correspondien­t- es al 4, Q t¡ip1estre. I~os suscrito:res de fuera, qu,e quier~n ci}~~muar re,mitiran el valor dé la suscrici al edito. , \ ~te les dh·ijir~ los respectivos nú!llcros . ÍJfJ~otd, irnp. de N. Lora. • Digitalizado por la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango del Banco de la República, Colombia.

“El Cachaco de Bogotá” fue una publicación que circuló en Bogotá durante el periodo 1833-1834. En su prospecto, el periódico indica que su objetivo era “levantar un baluarte á las libertades granadinas, defender las instituciones” y en general, dar cuenta del devenir del Estado, durante el mandato presidencial de Francisco de Paula Santander (1833-1837). En el periódico se establece que es importante, mantener las instituciones que se han erigido después de la Independencia y que superaron la disolución de la Gran Colombia. En el contenido del “Cachaco” se informó sobre: la construcción de caminos, el sistema de rentas y los certámenes de la Universidad Central, el Colegio San Bartolomé y el Colegio del Rosario, por citar algunos ejemplos. Algunas de las cuestiones políticas más destacadas en las páginas del periódico fueron: la conspiración de julio de 1833, organizada contra el gobierno de Santander, en la que participó José Sarda; el debate de los redactores del “Cachaco” y José Joaquín Gori, en que se cuestionó la política de Simón Bolívar durante 1828; la Convención de Ocaña; la Libertad de Imprenta y la presidencia de Juan José Flores en Ecuador y el levantamiento de Vicente Rocafuerte. A partir del número 50, del 23 de febrero de 1834, en “El Cachacho” se incluyeron las secciones: “Parte Oficial” y “Parte Editorial”.

Abstract: The research studies the role of Architects performing as Design Managers in construction projects. It reflects on the industry’s shifting environment, where architects, once central members in project delivery, are increasingly being displaced by new disciplines, technicians and suppliers. The dissertation identifies Design Management, a function of Project Management, as a strategic position from which architects can improve projects’ value. As Design Managers, architects can integrate their knowledge in space creation with Project Management skills to improve project performance in terms of budget, schedule, and spatial, social and environmental qualities. The role was studied through two case studies; two stations for UK’s High-Speed 2 (HS2) programme: The redevelopment of Euston Station in London, and the new station development at Old Oak Common. Data was collected from nine semi-structured interviews with Design Managers and design team members working on one of these projects. The research findings indicated that projects as large and complex as these require Design Managers from multiple backgrounds, among which architects have significant opportunities to increase value capture. Although the role is mostly concerned with Project Management tasks, the Design Manager’s background -in this case, architecture- enables them to increase value capture beyond projects’ basic requirements. Architects as Design Managers can integrate multidisciplinary designs considering how they can improve users’ experience and the project’s connection to their communities and environment to create more human and inviting projects with a long-term value perspective. Resumen: La investigación estudia el rol de los arquitectos desempeñándose como gestores de diseño en proyectos de construcción. Es una reflexión en el entorno cambiante de la industria en donde los arquitectos, alguna vez actores centrales del desarrollo de proyectos, han sido gradualmente desplazados por otras disciplinas, técnicos y proveedores. Esta tesis identifica la Gestión de Diseño, una función de Gestión de proyectos, como una posición estratégica dese la que los arquitectos pueden mejorar el valor de los proyectos. Como Gestores de Diseño, los arquitectos pueden integrar su conocimiento en creación de espacio con habilidades de Gestión de Proyectos para mejorar el desempeño de los proyectos en términos de presupuesto, cronograma y calidad espacial, social y ambiental. El rol se estudió a través de dos casos de estudio; dos estaciones para el programa de El tren de alta velocidad HS2 en Reino Unido: El desarrollo de la estación de Euston en Londres y el nuevo desarrollo de la estación Old Oak Common. Los datos se recolectaron a partir de nueve entrevistas semi-estructuradas con gestores de diseño y otros profesionales participando en estos proyectos. Los hallazgos indicaron que los proyectos de esta escala y complejidad requieren gestores de diseño con múltiples trayectorias profesionales, entre los cuales, los arquitectos tienen una oportunidad significativa de capturar valor. Aunque el rol está en gran parte asociado a tareas de Gestión de Proyectos, la experiencia del profesional desempeñándolo -en este caso, arquitectura- permite la captura de valor por encima de los requerimientos básicos del proyecto. Los arquitectos como gestores de diseño pueden integrar diseños multidisciplinarios, considerando como mejorar la experiencia de los usuarios, y la integración del proyecto con sus comunidades y su entorno para generar proyectos más humanos, acogedores y con una perspectiva de valor a largo plazo.

Abstract: Interventions of the built environment at the neighborhood level allow for evaluating the effects of these changes on sociodemographic variables of the residents. In 2011, the local mayor's office of Medellín-Colombia began the construction of outdoor escalators in Las Independencias neighborhood to improve transportation times for its residents. This study assesses the effect of urban renewal on the violence and average income of Las Independencias. Mixed methods are used, employing a quasi-experimental design in which the synthetic control method is utilized to estimate the causal effect and a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews is applied to identify mechanisms of change. To assess the impact on the homicides per km2, 14 neighborhoods are used in the donor pool and 10 neighborhoods for the average household income. Regarding the qualitative methods, 10 semi-structured interviews were analyzed with an average of 24 minutes. It was not possible to draw causal effect conclusions of the effect of the change in built environment over homicides due to a poor fit of the pre-intervention trends. However, one year before the intervention, Las Independencias had a homicide rate of .118 per km2 (way above synthetic Las Independencias 0.0981) and one year after the intervention this rate was (.0157373) below the synthetic control (0.049). The residents of the neighborhood perceive that crime has decreased in recent years and attribute the change to the investment in the escalators, which has generated a chain of events that over time had a positive impact on security. The mechanisms through which the escalators produced this impact are identified in the interviews: the strengthening of social efficacy, greater police and State presence, greater job opportunities, reduction of relative depravity and the interest of the Combos in maintaining security. Regarding the average household income, the quantitative results estimate that in the period immediately after the construction of the stairs, the income of Las Independencias decreased more than that of the synthetic control, indicating a negative effect. From 2013 to 2016 there is evidence of a positive trend, but it is still below the synthetic control and only in 2017 is there a positive effect compared to the synthetic Las Independencias. In 2019, a significant drop in income is observed compared to the synthetic control. The qualitative results indicate that the impact of the escalators was consolidated until 2016 with a greater influx of tourists. Residents believe that economic opportunities have improved, the quality of life has increased, and the neighborhood has become an ""economic paradise."" The dependence on tourism meant that in 2019 COVID strongly affected the finances of the neighborhood, which is reflected in the quantitative results. The results of this study show that in the context of low and middle-income countries, low-cost structural interventions can be conducted that impact people's quality of life, their possibilities to generate income, and their security.

Abstract: The promotion of education as a human right became part of the discourse of international aid agencies and banks since the end of WWII. Consequently, studies of development have examined the conditions under which education becomes a driver of socio-economic progress under three theories: “modernization”, “human capital”, and “dependency”. Previous research has not agreed on the impact of education on inequalities and mainly adopted a quantitative approach. This dissertation implements a mixed-methods approach to examine context-specific variables in comparative education with the “dependency” theory. The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 generated great losses in human capital accumulation. In Latin America, one of the most unequal regions in the world, the impact of school disruption increased drop-out rates and forced governments to generate measures to mitigate learning losses. This dissertation examines through a comparative analysis to what extent remote learning policies implemented during COVID-19 reduced inequality gaps in Chile and Colombia, with a particular focus on secondary education. Moreover, as intervening variables, it selects two neoliberal characteristics: privatization and government intervention. Colombia and Chile implemented multimodal education policies during COVID-19. However, in Colombia, school closures lasted longer than in Chile. The PISA exam forecast of the World Bank also suggests that education inequality gaps in secondary education increased after the pandemic, with greater inequalities in Colombia. Moreover, the Gini coefficient shows that Colombia has been more unequal than Chile before and after COVID-19. Lastly, the analysis of the intervening variables shows that remote learning policies were unable to reduce inequalities and mainly favoured private institutions and urban areas. Finally, as part of the lessons, this research suggests that the neo-liberal characteristics of both countries marked a difference in the implementation of policies. Moreover, the lack of information incentivised the adoption of good practices that become suitable policy alternatives when adapted to local needs. Lastly, this research evidences the need for LAC to include technological tools in their education systems to respond to future crises.

Abstract: Leptospirosis is the most neglected widespread zoonosis worldwide. In Spain, leptospirosis reports in people and animals have increased lately. Cats can become infected with Leptospira, as well as be chronic carriers. The aim of this study was to determine serological antibody prevalence against Leptospira sp., blood DNA, and shedding of DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in the urine of cats in Spain. Microagglutination tests (MAT) and blood and urine TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. Leptospira antibodies were detected in 10/244 cats; with 4.1%positive results (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–7.18%). Titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:320 (serovars Ballum; Bataviae; Bratislava; Cynopteri; Grippotyphosa Mandemakers; Grippotyphosa Moskva; Pomona; and Proechimys). The most common serovar was Cynopteri. Blood samples from 1/89 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.12%; 95% CI: 0.05–5.41%). Urine samples from 4/232 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.72%; 95% CI: 0.55–4.10%). In conclusion, free-roaming cats in Spain can shed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in their urine and may be a source of human infection. Serovars not previously described in cats in Spain were detected; suggesting the presence of at least 4 different species of pathogenic leptospires in the country (L. borgpetersenii ;L. interrogans ;L. kirschneri; and L. noguchii).

Abstract: Global importance: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. Mammals (eg, rats, horses, cows, pigs, dogs, cats and aquatic species, such as sea lions and northern elephant seals) can all be infected by leptospires. Infection in animals occurs through contact with urine or water contaminated with the bacteria. In people, the disease is acquired mainly from animal sources or through recreational activities in contaminated water. Practical relevance: Literature on the clinical presentation of leptospirosis in cats is scarce, although it has been demonstrated that cats are susceptible to infection and are capable of developing antibodies. The prevalence of antileptospiral antibodies in cats varies from 4% to 33.3% depending on the geographical location. Urinary shedding of leptospires in naturally infected cats has been reported, with a prevalence of up to 68%. Infection in cats has been associated with the consumption of infected prey, especially rodents. Thus, outdoor cats have a higher risk of becoming infected. Clinical challenges: Clinical presentation of this disease in cats is rare and it is not known what role cats have in the transmission of leptospirosis. Ongoing work is needed to characterise feline leptospirosis. Audience: This review is aimed at all veterinarians, both general practitioners who deal with cats on a daily basis in private practice, as well as feline practitioners, since both groups face the challenge of diagnosing and treating infectious and zoonotic diseases. Evidence base: The current literature on leptospirosis in cats is reviewed. To date, few case reports have been published in the field, and information has mostly been extrapolated from infections in people and dogs. This review is expected to serve as a guide for the diagnosis and management of the disease in cats.

Abstract: Liquid Homes is a study about migration based on social sciences theories, contemporary films, and my personal experiences. Within this understanding of migration, the concept of Home is identified as a physical and imaginary place pertaining to all individual of society, to which civil rights and urbanism are related, and which is in constant tension in a global system because of the processes of modernity, the development of industrialisation and capitalism. In this text an analysis of contemporary migration is proposed throughout films produced during the European migrant crisis (2015- ), to do a critical analysis about the approach and representation in films of the migrant population and to suggest recognition, humanism and familiarity with migrant communities and their civil rights. It was my last evening in Lisbon crossing the Tejo river in a ferry going to the other side of the city. We came over the second floor and sat down on the chairs with the windows facing the sunset. She was looking at messages on her mobile phone, while I was looking at the colour and shadows projected on her face. Suddenly she surprised and said: A bomb has exploded in the main harbour of Beirut. It is when this story about Liquid Homes started. Until this moment I had not any mental map of Lebanon, I knew it was part of the „Middle East” region with an Arabic culture. She told me she has some friends in Beirut because she was doing her field based research thesis in a Palestinian Refugee Camp called Shatila. I guess that the mixture of feelings between her and me at that moment have impressed in my memory the need to understand Shatila. Feelings about the beginning and the finishing of new stages of our lives, moving again of (from/to) homes, in different non-established houses, around different people, different languages and geographies. In my case, feelings of coming back to a place with legal rules made to make it the hardest for foreigners and for their establishment of a normal life, a hostile place in an economic way, where you are not welcome if you are not coming to produce or give money to the society. With the time I have understood that Shatila is a “Liquid Home” for its inhabitants. As a “new city” is for migrants. A “Liquid Home” is a place for waiting - for the return or for continuing towards the desired land and the desired lifestyle, with the difference that for people in Shatila and their parents before them were born there, but they do not have legal right over the land nor over pretty much anything in the place they inhabit. I identify a liquid home as the space constructed to be easily changed according to political international movements, according to the economic profit of international relationships under the flagship of solidarity. An artificial urbanization made with modular materials to be easily moved and articulated, where the architecture of the houses, of the streets, of the daily human relations can be withdrawn from their users as an expropriation not just of their houses but as well of their civil rights. As a nobody, who occupy the territory, liquid homes are a result of liquid societies, a modernisation of the urban lifestyle understood within Zygmunt Bauman’s analysis of the late modernity, where the reality of the inhabitants of the society is made to allow constant and contrasting changes. The objective of this writing is to describe how the phenomenon of migration, cities and citizenship have been told in cinema from 2015 until now, and to analyse different approaches, methods of research and filming migration and the noncitizenship, using cinema as a cultural expression that reflects the modern thinking and troubles of a migration society. I will also use personal notes as an ethnographic research method, reflecting my experience as a foreigner and all that not having a citizenship in the place where I live has meant.

Abstract: This checklist of oribatid mites of the Republic of Colombia compiles and provides a taxonomic update of all records known up to 2020. It includes 192 entries accounting for 68 named and 47 unnamed species belonging to 73 genera and 58 families of non-astigmatid oribatid mites. Specimens from the brachypyline supercohort were dominant (54.7%), followed by Mixonomata (30.7%). However, current knowledge is far from being complete and distribution patterns show large gaps throughout the country due to this lacking knowledge and most existing investigations only include group specific studies that prevent from any conclusions regarding the real community composition of oribatids in Colombia. From 32 political-administrative departments, oribatids have been reported in 20, but 5 account for 65% of the records. These are: Cundinamarca -including Bogotá D.C.- (24.4%), Magdalena (21.8%), Nariño (6.3%), La Guajira (6.3%), and Quindío (5.9%). Whereas most oribatid reports in the Neotropical region have taken place during the past five decades, a map presented in this document shows that Colombia still lags behind other Latin American countries. Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, for instance, have reported the highest number of species for the region and are the only nations that possess national oribatid checklists in Latin America. The current work represents a national baseline of oribatids encouraging further study of this clearly underrepresented group.