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Musgos del valle seco del Patía, suroccidente de Colombia: riqueza, ecología y biogeografía
Estudiamos los musgos que crecen en el valle del río Patía, en el suroccidente colombiano, que comprende zonas de bosque muy seco tropical y bosque seco premontano. En la franja altitudinal comprendida entre 550 y 1500 m s. n. m., encontramos 75 especies de musgos (28 familias y 53 géneros), 34 de ellas acrocárpicas (11 familias y 23 géneros) y 41 pleurocárpicas (17 familias y 30 géneros). Las familias con mayor número de especies son: Bryaceae (10), Pottiaceae (9), Hypnaceae (6), Macromitriaceae (5), Brachytheciaceae (5), Entodontaceae (5), Fissidentaceae (5) y Sematophyllaceae (4). Los géneros mejor representados son Bryum (6), Fissidens (5), Sematophyllum (4) y Entodon (3). El 60% de las especies se encuentran en un solo tipo de sustrato: suelo (31), corteza (10), materia or-gánica (3) y roca (1); el 40% restante se encuentra en 2 o más sustratos. Bosques, matorrales, taludes y corrientes de agua son los hábitats preferidos por los musgos. Los elementos dominantes son neotropicales extraandinos (35 spp.), cosmopolitas (11), ampliamente tropicales (8) y afroamericanos (5).
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Musgos del valle seco del Patía, suroccidente de Colombia: riqueza, ecología y biogeografía
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Forestación de bosques en sabanas de la altillanura colombiana: relevancia de las condiciones ambientales para el establecimiento de plántulas
One way to counteract climate change is to plant forests with high carbon storage capacity. In this study we
report the results of a reforestation project in savannas of the Tomogrande Reserve, in Vichada Department,
Colombia. We restricted fire in six one-hectare plots: in two seasonally inundated and two highland savannas
we planted seedlings of trees found in the Orinoco Basin and nearby gallery forests and in two of them we did not plant seedlings (control plots). Out of 200 seedlings planted in well-drained savannas, only 17 % survived after two and a half years (33 % came from nearby forest and 12 % from other areas). None of the 182 seedlings planted in flooded savannas survived at the end of the study. The main mortality cause in well-drained savannas was wilting. We concluded that in addition to the control of fire, seedling establishment of forest trees in savannas is highly affected by climatic and light conditions and for this reason the trees with highest potential for restoration are the ones already found at the site in the same ecological conditions (e.g. forest edge).
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Forestación de bosques en sabanas de la altillanura colombiana: relevancia de las condiciones ambientales para el establecimiento de plántulas
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Soil microbiota: Influence of different land use patterns and soil management factors at Villavicencio Oxisol, East Colombia
The soil microbiota is a biological indicator. The impact of four different land use patterns: Secondary forest
(T1), rice monoculture (T2), pineapple monoculture (T3) and agroforestry system of Theobroma cacao
associated with Acacia mangium (T4) at different distances: 0-10 cm (D1), 10-20 cm (D2), 20-30 cm (D3), 30-
40 cm (D4) and 40-50 cm (D5) on counts of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria
were tested in an Oxisol of Villavicencio, Orinoquia, East Colombia. An unrestricted random design was
applied. More number of CFUs of soil bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria were recorded in secondary forest
(T1) at all the distances from the root surface when compared to the other treatments. However, a similar trend
was observed for counts of CFUs of soil fungi and bacteria in secondary forest (T1) at (D4) and (D5) distances
from the root surface compared with agroforestry system (T4) at all distances from the root surface (P≤0.05).
Meanwhile that there was similarity in number of CFUs of soil actinobacteria between secondary forest (T1)
and agroforestry system (T4) at all the distances (P≥0.05). The least count of CFUs of soil microbiota was
recorded in pineapple monoculture (T3) at all the distances from the root surface (P≤0.05).
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Soil microbiota: Influence of different land use patterns and soil management factors at Villavicencio Oxisol, East Colombia
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Zonificación de alternativas de conectividad ecológica, restauración y conservación en las microcuencas Curubital, Mugroso, Chisacá y Regadera, cuenca del río Tunjuelo (Distrito Capital de Bogotá), Colombia
Bogotá has a wide variety of natural and impacted vegetation covers, which require conservation and restoration actions to preserve the goods and services they provide as well as their biodiversity. However, a spatial analysis is necessary to locate which areas require these actions that will also become a source of information for decision making, especially in terms of conservation and connectivity between vegetation covers. We develop three models of resistance or conductance based on the quantification of physical, biotic and socio-economic criteria, defined by meetings with experts, and available cartographic resources that includes a functional analysis based on the ecological aspects of the vegetation cover and a group of mammals. The models obtained show the best conserved areas or least resistance for species and also indicate those areas with greater degradation and higher resistance. This information facilitates the zonification of restoration activities, particularly in mountain moors and transitional Andean forests. The models also complement the proposals made in the Ecological Structure of the District report with respect to connectivity, representativeness and number of protected areas, because from the functional view and the analysis of the composition and configuration of the landscape, it provides other inputs to complement the proposed strategies.
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Zonificación de alternativas de conectividad ecológica, restauración y conservación en las microcuencas Curubital, Mugroso, Chisacá y Regadera, cuenca del río Tunjuelo (Distrito Capital de Bogotá), Colombia
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Aspectos de importancia de los suelos amazónicos
A partir del conocimiento del suelo amazónico y los diferentes aspectos
relacionados con su manejo, es posible el desarrollo de actividades,
como el viverismo, que faciliten procesos de restauración ecológica
y el establecimiento de sistemas agroforestales con especies nativas y
adaptadas, lo que puede contribuir a restaurar los suelos degradados,
incrementar la productividad y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos,
y contribuir significativamente a mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes
(Cherubin et al., 2019; Rodríguez et al., 2021). (Tomado de la fuente)
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Aspectos de importancia de los suelos amazónicos
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Aequidens superomaculatum (Teleostei: Cichlidae) una nueva especie del alto Orinoco y Río Negro, Venezuela
A new species, Aequidens superomaculatum, is described from the Casiquiare Canal drainage and the upper
reaches of the Orinoco and Negro rivers (Venezuela). This new species shares with others of the genus a vermiculated color pattern on the cheek, snout and preopercle and a high vertebral count, but it differs from congeners in having a continuous lateral stripe, and in having the lateral dark pigment blotch positioned high
on both sides of the body.
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Aequidens superomaculatum (Teleostei: Cichlidae) una nueva especie del alto Orinoco y Río Negro, Venezuela
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Mamíferos de un agropaisaje de palma de aceite en las sabanas inundables de Orocué, Casanare, Colombia
The llanos region in eastern Colombia exhibits great biodiversity, and is being threatened by agro-industrial processes such as oil palm plantations. However, information about the mammals associated with these landscapes is very limited. We measured richness and capture frequencies of medium and large sized mammals using camera traps in an oil palm plantation and surrounding natural ecosystems, in the seasonally flooded savannas of the Department of Casanare, Colombia. We identify 16 medium to large mammals, and two species of mice, with a survey effort of 3937 camera/days. Capture frequencies varied according to the land cover type. All species were present in the gallery (riparian) forest. Nine species were also detected inside the oil palm plantation and six in savannas. The mammals we found in the plantation were mainly mesopredators and generalist species, while the mammals detected in forest have more restricted diets. We discuss the importance of the gallery forests and artificial lagoons as landscape tools that could enhance diversity in these agro-ecosystems.
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Mamíferos de un agropaisaje de palma de aceite en las sabanas inundables de Orocué, Casanare, Colombia