The building sector plays a significant role regarding CO2 generation in the UK, accounting for 37%. Efforts have been oriented to lower the energy consumption by increasing the efficiency of conditioning systems and by integrating smart designs that lower the energy requirements. The newest storage facility from NMS was designed to use energy efficiently to provide the necessary environmental conditions to approximately 10 million items with specific climate conditions. However, the designers are interested to know how the building is performing and how the energy usage could be lowered. In this report, an assessment of this distinctive building with a dual nature of a storage facility coexisting with a research workplace is conducted. Initially, it was unforeseen how much energy had been used by each piece of equipment; given the type of data recorded, the assessment is performed in a detailed fashion to provide the figures that could help to make decisions to modify the energy usage. Additionally, even though the building was designed using efficient equipment, with air-tightness that was classified as better than typical and a good isolated envelop, opportunities were still found to improve even more its operative functions and hence to reduce the annual cost of energy and the CO2 emissions generation. The results show how to reduce the energy consumption at practically zero cost by making more flexible the temperature settings and by modifying the control strategy, resulting mainly in savings up to 35% in gas consumption. Another potential solution is provided by calculating the energy that a PV array could harvest. Two other recommendations that cannot be implemented are assessed. More elaborated strategies can be analysed and implemented when environmental-friendly buildings are designed. 

Los ángeles de Goyo. Nelfa, Saba. Perfiles. Ser mamá después de los 40. En imágenes. La paz de un parto en casa. Entrevista. El duelo de la hija de Diana Turbay.

Zusammenfassung: Boomer & Laver (1968: 4) definieren einen Versprecher als “an involuntary deviation in performance from the speaker’s current phonological, grammatical or lexical intention”. Aus diesem Begriff lassen sich drei Standpunkte folgern: Erstens, dass der Sprecher in der Regel ein phonologisches, grammatisches und/oder lexikalisches Intendiertes am Sprechen hat; zweitens, dass er sein Intendiertes mit der möglichst geringsten Anzahl von Unklarheiten zu äußern versucht; und drittens, dass der Sprecher immer unter dem Risiko steht, von seinem Intendierten abzuweichen. Beim Sprechen läuft der Sprecher die fast unvermeidbare Gefahr, Sprachproduktionsfehler bei seinen Gesprächsbeiträgen und in seinen Äußerungen zu begehen. Die Versprecher können auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Sprache auftauchen, bspw. auf der morphologischen, auf der syntaktischen oder auf der phonologischen Ebene. Mehrere Sprachwissenschaftler, unter anderen Meringer & Mayer (1978), del Viso (2002) und Wiedenmann (1992) haben sich mit den Versprechern verschiedener Sprachen beschäftigt. Diese Autoren berücksichtigten bei ihren Forschungen spontane, erzeugte, vollständige, unvollständige, in Korpora registrierte Versprecher, u.a. (vgl. Meringer & Mayer 1978; del Viso 2002; Wiedenmann 1992; Baars, Motley et al. 1975). Gleichwohl ist der Vergleich zwischen Versprechern im Deutschen und im Spanischen noch nicht näher untersucht worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einer linguistischen und psycholinguistischen Analyse von Sprachproduktionsfehlern in der deutschen und spanischen Sprache. Da das linguistische Feld der Versprecher aus zahlreichen Ansichten verschiedener Autoren analysiert worden ist, wird mit diesem Sprachvergleich versucht, die Versprecher in beiden Sprachen unter einer besonderen, ähnlich gestalteten kommunikativen Situation zu erforschen. Es wird außerdem versucht grob zu erkunden, inwiefern sich die Lapsus Linguae in einer bestimmten kommunikativen Praktik in den beiden Sprachen unterscheiden kann. Die in dieser Arbeit analysierten Sprechfehler werden aus einer Videoreihe gesammelt, in der es sich um spontane Befragungen von Passanten auf der Straße handelt (siehe Punkte 2.1. und 2.2.). Im ersten Teil wird der theoretische Hintergrund dargelegt. In diesem Teil werden zuerst die Versprecher als ein Phänomen der gesprochenen Sprache erläutert. Danach versucht man die Grenze zwischen den Lapsus Linguae, den Formulierungsproblemen und anderen Phänomenen der prototypischen Mündlichkeit festzustellen. Dann wird ein Überblick über den Begriff Versprecher im linguistischen Bereich vorgestellt. Der theoretische Hintergrund wird mit der Klassifizierung von Versprechern abgeschlossen. Im zweiten Teil wird eine empirische Untersuchung zu den Versprechern in der deutschen und in der spanischen Sprache durchgeführt. Dabei wird das Material beschrieben, aus welchem die Sprechfehler gesammelt werden. Weiterhin wird eine Erklärung der Vorgehensweise für die auf diesem Material basierende Studie dargelegt. Im letzten Teil werden die Ergebnisse und eine Analyse zu diesen präsentiert. Schließlich werden die Schlussfolgerungen der vorliegenden Arbeit dargelegt. Resumen: Los errores de habla han sido estudiados por numerosos autores en diferentes idiomas, como por ejemplo Nora Wiedenmann en alemán (1992), Susana del Viso en español (2002), Merrill Garrett (1992) en inglés, entre otros. Estos errores conocidos también como Lapsus Linguæ han sido investigados desde sus diferentes categorías, a saber ‘errores espontáneos, provocados, completos, incompletos, registrados en corpus’, etc. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se han realizado análisis detallados de comparación de los errores de producción del lenguaje en las lenguas española y alemana. Este es, pues, el objetivo de este trabajo, en el que se presenta un análisis lingüístico y psicolingüístico de los errores de producción del lenguaje en ambos idiomas. Debido a que el campo lingüístico de los Lapsus Linguæ puede ser tratado desde numerosos puntos de vista y es un campo aún en constante investigación, se realiza en el presente trabajo una recopilación de dichos errores a partir de una situación comunicativa específica, la cual ha sido producida de forma similar para ambas lenguas. Esta situación consiste en encuestas o mini entrevistas pertenecientes a un proyecto lingüístico originado por estudiantes alemanes en el año 2006. Como siguiente objetivo se busca indagar si existen diferencias a nivel subléxico, léxico y supraléxico entre ambas lenguas en los errores de habla en prácticas comunicativas específicas. El presente análisis psicolingüístico está basado en aspectos morfosintácticos de los Lapsus Linguæ e incluye tanto el análisis teórico de dichos errores, en el que se presentan teorías de varios autores respecto a los errores de habla, como un análisis empírico en el que se recolectan 299 nuevos errores en alemán y español antes no estudiados.

Con ocasión de la discusión sobre el alcance de las conclusiones a las que algunos neurocientíficos han arribado tras experimentos relativamente recientes con respecto a temas que, como el de la posibilidad de la libertad individual, son cruciales para la legitimidad de cualquier sistema de atribución de responsabilidad, los juristas suelen afanarse por determinar si el Derecho –y, en particular, el Derecho penal- ha quedado sin un sustento sólido sobre el cual fundar un juicio de reproche. En la ejecución de esta tarea, suelen moverse al vaivén de los avances de las “ciencias duras” sin detenerse a contemplar el trasfondo filosófico que le da sentido y contexto a la discusión. La verdad es que conceptos como voluntad, conciencia y libertad dependen, sin duda, de cómo entendamos la relación entre la mente y el cerebro: para algunos, son una misma cosa; para otros, son tan distintas que los descubrimientos sobre el funcionamiento del uno no alteran las propiedades de la otra. Este escrito reseña el estado actual de la cuestión, al tiempo en que lo evalúa con base en las herramientas que ofrece la Filosofía de la mente y propone una aproximación desde un enfoque funcionalista que permite integrar los aportes de las neurociencias al sistema jurídico-penal, así como ubicarlos adecuadamente y definir sus alcances.

Kimberly Reyes. Crónica. El Salvador de los trenes nacionales. Crónica. La furia de los Hells Angels. Personaje. Valentino Rossi, la leyenda.

This paper explores the relationship between land inequality and inclusive growth in light of land policies for growth and poverty reduction. Contrasting traditional redistribution with inclusive rural growth shows the importance of land as an economic, social and political asset for achieving sustainable development. Analysing the Brazilian case, the paper suggests that inclusive growth strategies do not effectively counteract structural conditions of inequality and rather than attacking exclusionary growth patterns merely address immediate exigencies. Hence, returning to redistribution is fundamental for including the rural poor in modern economies, not just in terms of economic efficiency but for constructing equitable and approachable markets that enable the expansion of individual freedom. 

This study is about the experiences of teachers and students in the production of memory about past violence, and how they struggle to articulate these memories with present concerns and their expectations about the future. In doing this, they rely on some social discourses such as learning lessons from the past which has the potential to offer a better future free from violence and other social problems, an idea commonly attributed to the philosopher George Santayana (1095). To find information about this I conducted research where the voices of the participants are highlighted, and their ‘framings’ of the past related to dominant ideas and a range of literature about collective remembering. The goal is both to explore experiences, and to reflect on theorizing about the role of the past and of memory construction in the lives of educative actors. One of the key findings is that when they refer to aspects of the past, these actors do so to relate this to their present politics of everyday life. In consequence, it is shown that memory interrelates with the past, the present and the future and can be described as walking a thin line between these three temporal dimensions. Those interviewed also considered that their work could contribute to sustainable peace, but also insisted that structural violence required reforms beyond a peace agreement, to tackle root causes of social injustice, by reducing poverty and exclusion. The contribution of this research brings the voices of these relevant social actors to the forefront with the understanding of the contradictions, which impose an unusual context where the production of memory has to coexist with different forms of mutually reinforced violence.

The actual realization of health justice is rooted on the causes and effects of ill-health, or health ontology as it’s been framed. A recent paradigm shift in health has been the raise of the social determinants of health, which gave substantial weight to perceiving health as more than absence of disease. It follows that justice in contemporary liberal societies must enact coherently with these social accounts through the inclusion of other strategies and actors. Nevertheless, predominant views of health are still based on individualistic causes of ill-health and healthcare-based solutions. The current dissertation explores the implications of excluding and including the social paradigm in health from the scope of social justice theories. Particularly, it clarifies what the role of civil society is in realizing health justice. It will cover this topic in three ways: 1. Evaluation of the predominant view in determinants of ill-health, particularly biologic endowments, behavioral risks and environmental exposure. This yields a better comprehension displacing social factors from health justice. 2. Analyses of contemporary political accounts of egalitarianism and its critiques. It will support and further deepen the arguments against displacing social factors, while guiding the scope of research towards the central role of civil society. 3. Once civil society and social factors are considered within health justice, I will explore related issues including social structures, social groups and identity. In sum, the incorporation of social factors in the ontology of health is fundamental to realize health justice. The social paradigm here envisioned refers to relationships in civil society that defines the preconditions for the flourishing of individuals. This is done through social positioning of entities, whether individuals or social groups. As such, integrating the social paradigm within justice implies a central role civil society; particularly, by shaping individual identity through social groups.

36 cocinas a la carta. Un menú de opciones para todos los gustos. Lujo en Londres. De monumento histórico a confortable vivienda. A prueba de niños. Claves para convertir la casa en un refugio seguro.

Energy Union (En Un) is a program released by the European Commission intended to create a single energy market between the European Union in order to have secure, affordable and sustainable energy. This way the imports will be reduced and the final price should be lower (theoretically) increasing the energy security for all the countries. The first communication was in February 2015 and is a very new topic for all the energy stakeholders in the EU. This is why a dissertation for the implications of this policy in UK was developed as part of the Master in Energy, Environmental Technology & Technology from City University London. UK is currently catalogued as an Energy Island (less than 10% of cross-border interconnection), with 30% of the generation based in coal, 30% in gas and 20% renewable, a liberalised market that varies with changes in gas or wind availability and the third highest kWh price from the EU. More than 20 energy policies and Conservative government with a constraint view against renewables’ subsidies. The implication for the UK and the En Un are divided into three: Infrastructural, Political and Economical. In the middle a map of the new cross-border grids proposed by this policy some of the findings are. The Energy Union in the UK will happen even if there’s no political wiliness or if they decide to not be part of the EU, mainly because the new infrastructure is already being developed (UK-Belgium) additional to the four current cross-border interconnectors. The wholesale market in UK is already liberalized and some cross border trades are being done with clean and cheap electricity from France and Holland; the key development is UK-Ireland, because UK, instead of being a 100% exporter to Ireland, will flip the coin with an import-export relationship with 8 interconnectors, electricity generated in Euros and close distance. Now it will not really matter if you generate electricity from Fossil Fuels, Nuclear or Renewable; the country will purchase from where is cheapest and available, independently from the source. Shale Gas, Nuclear, Gas and coal with CCS will be the important investment in the next years, not only in PPP (private public partnership) schemes but with R&D. New Universities courses will be develop (energy traders / brokers, cross border trade supervisors, etc) and more women should get involved. The £/ kWh for domestic and small companies will not be significantly reduced (albeit the low cost of it), those companies more engaged with the market will have very good deals and low £/ kWh.