Resumen: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de Práctica de Docencia realizada en una unidad quirúrgica del Hospital Universitario de Florianópolis, Brasil. Para la práctica de docencia fue elegido el método pedagógico de Aprendizaje Basado en problemas.El problema expuesto, de acuerdo con la propuesta pedagógica, fue la carencia práctica de orientación preoperatoria por el personal de enfermería a pacientes quirúrgicos en la unidad quirúrgica en cuestión, mismo que estudios en la institución apunten la indudable necesidad y beneficios de este cuidado. El objetivo fue resolver /entender/pensar/reflexionar/discutir y decidir colectivamente la problemática por los estudiantes del séptimo semestre del curso de enfermería a partir de sus conocimientos, experiencias, observaciones y de lecturas dirigidas. Fueron realizados encuentros entre las docentes y las estudiantes para el desarrollo de la propuesta. Se concluye que los profesionales de enfermería, para una comunicación eficiente y eficaz que integre/asocie/relacione teoría y práctica, necesitan reflexionar sobre su práctica. Abstract: This study is an experiment report from a Scholarship Internship which took place in a surgical unit in the University Hospital at the Florianópolis, Brazil. In order to carry out the internship, the pedagogical method for Learning Based on Problems was selected.The problem exposed, in accordance with the pedagogical proposal, was the lack orientation practice from nurses to surgical patients in the surgical unit in question, although studies at the institution point out the indubitable need for and benefits offered from this care practice. The objective of this experiment was to collectively resolve/understand/consider/ reflect/discuss/decide the problem among the students enrolled in the 7th semester of the undergraduate nursing course, based on their knowledge, experiences, observations, and directed reading.Meetings were organized and carried out among the nursing faculty and students in order to develop the proposal. We conclude that the nursing professionals, in order provide an efficient and effective communication that interacts/associates/relates theory and practice, need to reflect upon their practice.

El presente caso expone cómo el joven emprendedor Mauricio Osorio asumió el desafiío de convertir una idea en un modelo de negocio rentable y socialmente sostenible, logrando mantenerlo en la forma de CREZCAMOS S.A. Tras afrontar la muerte comercial que representó el proyecto de microfinanzas denominado FUNDACOOP, que e?l mismo fundó y dirigió con anterioridad. Asimismo, presenta información correspondiente a los acontecimientos que dieron lugar a la creacio?n de CREZCAMOS S.A., en donde logró conformar el capital de su compañía al término del año 2009 con el apoyo de una compañía europea de inversiones de impacto. Al final del caso, Osorio y su equipo de trabajo se enfrentaron a la incertidumbre con respecto a la estrategia que les permitiría crecer y alcanzar el éxito que deseaban. La junta directiva de esta compañía fue convocada para discutir el camino estratégico futuro de la compañía, para buscar alternativas de crecimiento con el fin de garantizar un futuro viable y direccionar lo que hasta ese momento era una compañía de microcrédito, en función de permitirle alcanzar cobertura nacional y cumplir con las expectativas de sus accionistas, clientes y colaboradores.

Abstract: Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic process that involves sequestration and lysosomal degradation of cytosolic components such as damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. While autophagy can be considered to be a general cellular housekeeping process, it has become clear that it may also play cell type-dependent functional roles. In this study, we analyzed the functional importance of autophagy in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and how this is regulated during differentiation. Western blot-based analysis of LC3-II and p62 levels, as well as flow cytometry-based autophagic vesicle quantification, demonstrated that umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) /CD38(-) immature hematopoietic progenitors show a higher autophagic flux than CD34(+) /CD38(+) progenitors and more differentiated myeloid and erythroid cells. This high autophagic flux was critical for maintaining stem and progenitor function since knockdown of autophagy genes ATG5 or ATG7 resulted in reduced HSPC frequencies in vitro as well as in vivo. The reduction in HSPCs was not due to impaired differentiation, but at least in part due to reduced cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis. This is accompanied by increased expression of p53, proapoptotic genes BAX and PUMA, and the cell cycle inhibitor p21, as well as increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our data demonstrate that autophagy is an important regulatory mechanism for human HSCs and their progeny, reducing cellular stress and promoting survival. Resumen: La autofagia es un proceso lisosomal catabólico altamente regulado que implica el secuestro y degradación de componentes citosólicos: tales como proteínas mal plegadas y orgánelos deteriorados. Mientras que la autofagia puede ser considerada como un proceso general de limpieza celular, también juega un papel funcional dependiendo del tipo de célula. En el presente estudio, hemos analizado la importancia de la autofagia en las células madre hematopoyéticas y sus progenitores y cómo dicho proceso está regulado durante la diferenciación. El análisis de los niveles de LC3-II y p62, así como la cuantificación de la autofagia mediante citometría de flujo demostraron que los progenitores hematopoyéticos inmaduros CD34 (+) / CD38 (-) tienen un flujo de autofagia mayor que las células eritroides y mieloides. Este alto flujo de autofagia es crucial para las células madre y los progenitores hematopoyéticos inmaduros CD34 (+) / CD38 (-) ya que la disminución en los niveles de ATG7 y ATG5 resulta en una reducción de dichas células tanto in vitro como in vivo. Lo anterior es consecuencia de la inhibición parcial del ciclo celular y de un aumento en apoptosis. Adicionalmente, observamos un incremento en la expresión de p53, los genes pro-apoptosis BAX y PUMA, el inhibidor de ciclo celular p21, los niveles de caspasa-3 clivada y las especies reactivas del oxígeno. En conclusión, nuestros datos demuestran que la autofagia es un mecanismo de regulación importante para las células madre hematopoyéticas y sus progenitores reduciendo los niveles de estrés y promoviendo su supervivencia.

This thesis proposes a novel window aggregate sharing approach for out-of-order stream processing. We combined together the best of two worlds: the Google dataflow model for out-of-order stream processing and the Cutty aggregate sharing strategy. To our knowledge, our solution is the only aggregate sharing strategy for out-of-order stream processing that supports sliding, tumbling and session windows. Based on the experiments with the real world dataset DEBS12 [28] and a 3% out-of-order level, our solution has 1.24 higher throughput than the current implementation in Flink. Moreover, we show that the throughput of our solution becomes higher, as the out-of-order level increases.

Background: Female physicians face extra challenges in their career development and tend to choose salary or other forms of alternative payment plans (APP). Fee-for-service (FFS) and APP may affect the well-being of female and male physicians differently. Three measures of well-being are: levels of career satisfaction, professional equity, and daily distress. The objectives are to identify differences in the levels of career satisfaction, fulfillment-recognition equity, and daily distress of physicians by gender and payment method, and to assess interactions between these two factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 with physicians practicing in the Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatchewan, Canada. Resident physicians were excluded from the study. Eligible physicians completed a survey, assessing levels of daily distress, fulfillment-recognition equity, and career satisfaction as dependent variables. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), using the Wilks’ Lambda criterion, was conducted to study differences among the dependent variables by remuneration method and gender. Multiple comparisons were performed as post-hoc tests. Results: Nearly half (382) of the 794 eligible physicians completed the questionnaire; 37.2% were female. Half were remunerated by FFS, a quarter by APP, and the remainder by blended forms. Career satisfaction and fulfillment-recognition equity were positively correlated to each other and daily distress was negatively correlated with both. According to the MANOVA results, the dependent variables were affected by gender but not by payment method, and there was no evidence of an interaction effect between payment method and gender. Women reported lower levels of career satisfaction (p=0.01) and fulfillment-recognition equity (p=0.01), and higher levels of daily distress (p=0.03).

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that through the maintenance systems theory an audit methodology can be developed so it can be linked to a decision making process methodology to fully support the actions and initiatives proposed for improvement. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology is delimited by the concept of maintenance systems, from where a maintenance audit is developed to allow an integration of the Decision Making Grid (DMG) concept in order to add a basis of decision making and help in the prioritization process. Findings – This paper discuss an approach to the maintenance audits integrating well-established concepts of maintenance engineering and a decision making technique, which leads to an audit result-decision matrix that can show to the organization the wrong paths and shortcomings that are required to be solved in order to progress and close the gap to reach their desired performance. Originality/Value – Although there is a wide range of techniques developed to assess and audit, most of them imply a large and elaborated method not only for the questions (which are inevitable when assessing) but also to understand the findings and elaborate recommendations. The paper explores the integration of a defined maintenance system, its boundaries and its interactions, while mapping those concepts within a decision matrix.

Biomimetic surface modification with peptides that have specific cell-binding moieties is a promising approach to improve endothelialization of metal-based stents. In this study, we functionalized CoCr surfaces with RGDS, REDV, YIGSR peptides and their combinations to promote endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion and proliferation. An extensive characterization of the functionalized surfaces was performed by XPS analysis, surface charge and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), which demonstrated the successful immobilization of the peptides to the surface. Cell studies demonstrated that the covalent functionalization of CoCr surfaces with an equimolar combination of RGDS and YIGSR represents the most powerful strategy to enhance the early stages of ECs adhesion and proliferation, indicating a positive synergistic effect between the two peptide motifs. Although these peptide sequences slightly increased smooth muscle cells (SMCs) adhesion, these values were ten times lower than those observed for ECs. The combination of RGDS with the REDV sequence did not show synergistic effects in promoting the adhesion or proliferation of ECs. The strategy presented in this study holds great potential to overcome clinical limitations of current metal stents by enhancing their capacity to support surface endothelialization.

This article is concerned with soil-sustainability problems of agriculture in developing countries, in particular with soil erosion. The aim of our study is to develop a comprehensive model that explains the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices with respect to soil conservation. Our approach includes the following special features: (A) The model is comprehensive in that it includes a large number of institutional, personal–social, economic, and physical explanatory variables. (B) Particular attention is paid to the influence of marketing systems on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, which to our knowledge has been neglected in past research. (C) The concept of adopting sustainable agricultural practices (ASAP) is differentiated into a limited number of basic components of soil conservation.(D) The model is estimated by Principal Component Regression, which enhances efficient estimation of the impact of many explanatory variables on ASAP. Our model is applied to Cabuyal hillside farming in Colombia. The application demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed model. ASAP is differentiated into three basic components: soil-disturbance control, soil-protection practices, and run-off control. It appears that soil-disturbance control is particularly influenced by farmers’ characteristics, such as education and managerial variables. The second component, soil-protection practices, appears to be strongly influenced not only by farmers’ managerial variables but also by their relationship with their environment, in particular marketing institutions. The third soil-conservation component, run-off control, is influenced by the physical characteristics of the plot and by the available farm labor. Our empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model in designing agricultural policies, because it can determine which variables are more likely to influence the adoption of a specific type of soil conservation.

Resumen: Introducción: Existe escasa evidencia respecto al efecto combinatorio y a largo plazo del polimorfismo en el intrón 3 de la isoforma CYP3A5 6986G>A en la farmacocinética del TAC en pacientes trasplantados hepáticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar distintas variables genéticas y clínicas asociadas a la variabilidad farmacocinética/farmacodinámica del Tacrolimus en pacientes postrasplante hepático en población argentina. Métodos: Se evaluó la correlación entre el polimorfismo en el intrón 3 de la isoforma CYP3A5 6986G>A y los niveles de TAC y TAC XL en sangre de pacientes 24 adultos trasplantados hepáticos estables y 77 pacientes pediátricos trasplantados hepáticos durante un periodo de 2 años. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia de expresores (CYP3A5*1) entre el 17% al 37% .El genotipo CYP3A5 del receptor juega un papel más importante en la Co/dosis en etapas tempranas, mientras la importancia genotipo del donante se incrementa con el tiempo postrasplante. Conclusión: El papel que juega cada polimorfismo es distinto según avanzan los días luego del trasplante y deben ser tenidos en cuenta con el fin de optimizar los beneficios del TAC durante la fase de inducción y mantenimiento postrasplante. Abstract: Background: Relative influence of donor and recipient CYP3A5*3 variant genotype in PK- Tacrolimus (TAC) of liver transplant recipients is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism of recipients as well as donors on the (TAC) pharmacokinetics in Argentinean population. Methods: We evaluated the influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism of recipients as well as donors on the Tacrolimus (TAC) pharmacokinetics in 24 stable liver transplant patient and 77 pediatric patients for two years of follow-up. Results: The percentage of CYP3A5 expressers (*1/*1 and *1/*3 genotypes) were between 17% and 37%. Recipient expression of a CYP3A5*1 allele seemed to have the greatest influence on Co/dose ratio of TAC in the immediate posttransplant period and the donors’ hepatic genotype in increasing role with time. Conclusions: In the immediate posttransplant period, recipient expression of a CYP3A5*1 allele seemed to have the greatest influence on TAC pharmacokinetics with donor expression of a CYP3A5*1 allelle possibly becoming more important with increasing time after transplant.

Ucronía (Uchronia en inglés) es un neologismo derivado de la palabra utopía. Aquí la noción de lugar (topos) es remplazada por la noción del tiempo (chronos). Este término también esta relacionado con las nociones de narración paralela o alternativa de las historias; es la estrategia que uso para revisar el tiempo, en un intento de re-presentar el pasado y promulgar el futuro, Esta aproximación me permite simultáneamente revisar las etapas de la niñez, la adolescencia, la adultez, y la vejez dentro de la “realidad” de la condición humana y de la misma manera, proyectar las fases de la vida dentro de la condición de las naciones tras la alborada de la globalización. Estas diferentes etapas están basadas paralelamente en cuatro países distintos: Colombia, Alemania Occidental, Yugoslavia y Emiratos Árabes Unidos (lo que fue el Grupo D del Mundial de fútbol Italia ’90. Cada etapa trata a una nación en un momento de transición al mismo tiempo que es explorada la experiencia personal e individual de la crisis. Con esto doy una mirada a la identidad individual y a la cultura como un espacio de juego y auto-diseño. Es un ejercicio en el cual me convierto en “el otro” al tiempo que exploro un estado de crisis resultante de las políticas neoliberales y sus inherentes inequidades. Ucronía es entonces, una desviación ficcional de los eventos históricos y su conexión con la utopía debe mantenerse presente. En su marco teórico Uchronia es la oportunidad de volver a un punto en el tiempo en donde una sociedad transformada o ideal parece estar al alcance. Por medio de un movimiento hipotético en el tiempo y para realizar las posibilidades de un “nuevo hombre” que existió en un momento crucial: El año 1990.