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Imagen de apoyo de Enmarcando la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo: entre lo reglamentario, lo estratégico y lo moral

Por: Orlando Enrique; Lesmez Peralta Contreras Pacheco | Fecha: 2021

Abstract: Using the theoretical-methodological perspective based on experience frameworks, this paper aims at analyzing and understanding the way in which organizations communicate aspects that are related to occupational safety and health. In this sense, we carry out an analysis of the narratives related to this topic and propose a diagnosis mechanism to subjectively measure the burden of the regulatory, strategic, and moral frameworks of these narratives. A panel of Latin American experts applied a three-round Delphi analysis on five case studies in Colombia to illustrate how this mechanism works. In addition to the use of a robust research paradigm, this work contributes by proposing a scheme capable of presenting the motivations and interests of occupational safety and health professionals in perspective, finding imbalances in the way relevant information is transmitted through official messages and channels. Therefore, its use is susceptible to study in this and other areas of knowledge of the organizational discipline, and its adoption could be worthwhile in order to generate more and better knowledge in this regard. Resumen: Haciendo uso de la perspectiva teórico-metodológica basada en los marcos de la experiencia, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar y entender la forma en la que, usualmente, se comunican los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en el contexto organizacional. En este sentido, se despliega un análisis sobre las narrativas propias de esta temática y se propone un mecanismo de diagnóstico para medir subjetivamente la carga de los marcos reglamentario, estratégico y moral de dichas narrativas. Un análisis Delphi de tres rondas aplicado por un panel de expertos latinoamericanos sobre cinco casos de estudio en Colombia ilustra la manera en la que el mecanismo en mención puede funcionar. Adicional al uso de un paradigma investigativo robusto, el trabajo contribuye, toda vez que propone un esquema capaz de exponer en perspectiva, las motivaciones y los intereses de los profesionales de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, encontrando desequilibrios en cuanto a la forma de transmitir información relevante por medio de mensajes y canales oficiales. Por tanto, su uso es susceptible de estudio en esta y otras áreas del conocimiento de la disciplina organizacional, y su adopción podría valer la pena en aras de generar más y mejor conocimiento al respecto.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Economía

Imagen de apoyo de ¿Son la misión y visión verdaderos promotores de ventaja competitiva e innovación?

Por: Orlando Enrique; Pirazán Parra Contreras Pacheco | Fecha: 2020

Resumen: Durante años, expertos en Estrategia han resaltado la importancia de definir claramente el marco estratégico de una empresa debido a que éste le permite crear su identidad, propósito y dirección. Asimismo, porque a la vez dicho marco sirve como instrumento para apropiarse de una mayor porción de valor creado a partir de, por ejemplo, la implementación de más y mejores prácticas de innovación empresarial. Sin embargo, ¿es realmente determinante la construcción acuciosa de un marco estratégico para efectos de generar resultados adecuados en términos de innovación y competitividad? El presente trabajo tiene como propósito abordar dicho cuestionamiento. Para ello se pretende desplegar un planteamiento teórico y conceptual sobre el impacto de la calidad del marco estratégico (i.e., misión y visión organizacional) sobre la creación de ventaja competitiva y posterior consecución de una cultura de innovación en las organizaciones. Para ello, en principio se desarrollará una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto de estos dos componentes sobre los resultados organizacionales, y se propondrá el vínculo teórico que puede existir entre las variables involucradas. Los resultados obtenidos serán proposiciones teóricas susceptibles de ser comprobadas empíricamente en un estudio posterior.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Economía

Imagen de apoyo de Natural Pigments of Microbial Origin

Por: María Elisa; Stincone Paillie Jiménez | Fecha: 2020

Abstract: The world demands new solutions and products to be used as dyes for industrial applications. Microbial pigments represent an eco-friendly alternative as they can be produced in large amounts through biotechnological processes and do not present environmental risks, as they are easily decomposable. Moreover, some of these metabolites are recognized for their biological activities, which qualify them for potential uses as food colorants and nutraceuticals, protecting against degenerative diseases related with oxidative stress. Because of their genetic simplicity as compared with plants, microorganisms may be a better source to understand biosynthetic mechanisms and to be engineered for producing high pigment yields. Despite the origin of the pigmented microorganism,it seems very important to develop protocols using organic industrial residues and agricultural byproducts as substrates for pigment production and fi nd novel green strategies for rapid pigment extraction. This review looks for the most recent studies that describe microbial pigments from microalgae, fungi, and bacteria. In particular, the underexploited tools of omics science such as proteomics and metabolomics are addressed. The use of techniques involving mass spectrometry, allows to identify different protein and metabolite profi les that may be associated with a variety of biotechnologically-relevant pathways of pigment synthesis.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Agricultura

Imagen de apoyo de Extraction and partial characterisation of antioxidant pigment produced by Chryseobacterium sp. kr6

Por: María Elisa; Barreto Pinilla Paillie Jiménez | Fecha: 2019

Abstract: Pigments synthesised by Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 growing on feather waste were extracted and characterised. The pigment extract was characterised by KOH test, UV–vis, CIELAB colour system, HPLCDAD- MS, FTIR and its antioxidant capacity was evaluated. A positive bathochromic shift was observed when kr6 colonies or pigment extracts were subjected to alkaline solution (20% KOH) and a λmax at 450 nm was detected for acetone extracts, although no typical fine structure of carotenoids was detected in the electomagnetic spectra. The HPLC profile of the extracted pigment showed that the compound has three different peaks with λmax near 450 nm. The FTIR analysis shows some principal functional groups from a flexirubinlike molecule. The pigmented compound also presents antioxidant activity evaluated by the scavenging of the ABTS radical.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Agricultura

Imagen de apoyo de Severe ipsilateral musculoskeletal involvement in a Cornelia de Lange patient with a novel NIPBL mutation

Por: Carolina; Gil-Rodríguez Baquero Montoya | Fecha: 2014

Abstract: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital autosomal dominant (NIPBL, SMC3 and RAD21) or Xlinked (SMC1A and HDAC8) disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, pre and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, and multiorgan involvement. Musculoskeletal malformations are usually bilateral and affect mainly the upper limbs; the range goes from brachyclinodactyly to severe reduction defects. Instead lower extremities are usually less and mildly involved. Here, we report on a 3-year-old Senegalese boy with typical craniofacial CdLS features, pre and postnatal growth retardation, atrial septal defect, developmental delay and right ipsilateral limb malformations, consistent with oligodactyly of the 3rd and 4th fingers, tibial agenesis and fibula hypoplasia. Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing showed a novel missense mutation in NIPBL gene (c.6647A>G; p.(Tyr2216Cys)), which affects a conserved residue located within NIPBL HEAT repeat elements. Pyrosequencing analysis of NIPBL gene, disclosed similar levels of wild-type and mutated alleles in DNA and RNA samples from all tissues analyzed (oral mucosa epithelial cells, peripheral blood leukocytes and fibroblasts). These findings indicated the absence of somatic mosaicism, despite of the segmental asymmetry of the limbs, and confirmed biallelic expression for NIPBL transcripts, respectively. Additionally, conditions like Split-hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency secondary to duplication of BHLHA9 gene have been ruled out by the array-CGH and MLPA analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first CdLS patient described with major ipsilateral malformations of both the upper and lower extremities, that even though this finding could be due to a random event, expands the spectrum of limb reduction defects in CdLS.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Medicina

Imagen de apoyo de Piketty comes to South Africa

Por: Fabio Andrés; Savage Díaz Pabón | Fecha: 2021

Abstract: One of the most valuable features of Capital and Ideology is its concern to take history seriously and consider how the emergence of different political and economic regimes relate to discourses about fairness and justice across time. This paper pushes this agenda further by acknowledging that the experience of a few developed nations should not be taken as the template for the generalized study of inequality dynamics across time and space. In this paper, we interrogate Piketty's analysis and policy proposals against specificities that are central to understanding the production and reproduction of inequalities within South Africa. We reflect on the South African case, the structure of inequality and its changes since 1994. We review a battery of policy interventions that have been implemented to address inequality in the last 25 years. We emphasize that the long shadow cast by centuries of colonialism and various forms of apartheid strongly affirm Piketty's emphasis on understanding history. But this is both affirmation and critique given the foundational, imbedded impact that this specific legacy has had on post-apartheid society and its policies. Piketty is aware that the levels of inequality in South Africa are so high that this is “unknown territory.” We map out some of this territory to reveal how these extreme initial wealth and racial inequities inform the reproduction of inequalities in all dimensions and undermine well intentioned policies. We claim that understanding extractive histories, imbedded wealth inequalities, and complex social and political institutions allows us to understand and confront some of the reasons why even in light of progressive policies, many of which are in line with the proposals from Piketty, government interventions have thus far failed to reduce inequality.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Inequality and the Socioeconomic Dimensions of Mobility in Protests: The Cases of Quito and Santiago

Por: Fabio Andrés; Palacio Ludena Díaz Pabón | Fecha: 2021

Abstract: Mobility is a multifaceted concept with social, economic and political implications. This article reflects on the role of mobility and its relation to precarity in the emergence of protests in both Quito (Ecuador) and Santiago (Chile) in 2019 by examining the interplay between mobility and inequality. It argues that the announced increases in transport and fuel costs in Chile and Ecuador exposed obstacles to spatial and social mobility and existing inequalities. Although the protests arose in response to the announced reduction in fuel subsidies and possible increases in transport costs, we propose that they reflect a deeper issue, relating to the vulnerability of the livelihoods of significant segments of the population, despite the fact that both Quito and Santiago have seen improvements in several poverty and inequality indicators in recent years. We discuss how mobility and geography relate to patterns of structural marginalisation that are not necessarily evident from aggregate economic indicators, and how understanding inequality in terms of the ‘right to the city’ and access to public services explain the protests in both countries as a response to existing segregation and deep-seated inequalities.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Could a patient with SMC1A duplication be classified as a human cohesinopathy?

Por: Carolina; Gil Rodríguez Baquero Montoya | Fecha: 2014

Abstract: The disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits and accessory proteins of cohesin complex are collectively termed as cohesinopathies. The best known cohesinopathy is Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), which is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, limb malformations, growth and cognitive impairment. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), are responsible for ∼70% of CdLS cases. We describe a 16-year-old boy with facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, intellectual disability, hirsutism and small hands, who has a small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) present in mosaic form. sSMC is composed of two duplicated segments encompassing 17 genes including SMC1A gene, at the regions Xp11.22 and Xp11.21q11.1. Clinical comparison between our patient with a previously reported individual with a SMC1A duplication and four male carriers of similar sSMC reported in databases, suggest that they all share clinical features related to cohesinopathies. Although our patient does not have the classical CdLS craniofacial phenotype, he has pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual disability and mild musculoskeletal anomalies, features commonly seen in patients with cohesinopathies.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Medicina

Imagen de apoyo de Reconstructing the limit. Urban revival via architecture and landscape design in war-damaged Mosul, Iraq = Reconstrucción del límite. Renacimiento Urbano a través del diseño arquitectónico y paisajismo en Mosul, Iraq

Por: Nicolás; Dogari Bello Melo | Fecha: 2021

Abstract: Because there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre. Everybody is supposed to be dead, to never say anything or want anything ever again. Everything is supposed to be very quiet after a massacre, and it always is, except for the birds.” All wars are atrocious, and the task of incorporating such inglorious events into a nation’s collective identity becomes understandably hard. But it needs to be done, otherwise, the memory of the war might be trivialized and forgotten and, hence, are more prone to be repeated. War is bound to replicate itself without confrontation and awareness. Mosul city was established on the western bank of the Tigris River in the 6th Century, just across the water from the ruins of the Assyrian city of Nineveh. The city flourished during the ancient era establishing itself as an epicentre of the Islamic world, therefore it is rich with ancient ruins and cultural heritage. The war which erupted in Iraq didn’t aim to destroy only its defence, but also its identity. Entire urban blocks of Mosul’s city were damaged so severely, that when it comes to reconstruction it cannot simply restore the former fabrics, either of space or architecture. The war has changed everything, and most critically the structure of society itself. The spatial reconstruction will mostly require more than just physical rehabilitation and restoration of the cities devastated infrastructure and housing. In order to provide sensations for the need of diversity and unity, more urgent concern should be given to restoring public facilities and daily utilities. Architectural and landscape design can be judiciously used in healing the social structure. How can common spaces be rearranged to create conditions for a peaceful and creative coexistence among citizens which survived such horrors? How can the location and the design of such utilities be done in a way as to meet the needs for intimacy and peace? This thesis study intends to recommend an urban and architectural regeneration project, to be taken upon during the redevelopment of the old city of Mosul. Furthermore, a set of strategies that may ensure the preservation of the urban identity of the area, while redeveloping and coping with the environmental, socioeconomic and political changes have been identified for reclaiming the urban identity and promoting the sense of belonging.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Arte

Imagen de apoyo de Thesis Cuartas Jhon

Por: Jhon Alexander Cuartas Acosta | Fecha: 2021

Abstract: The adequate provision of service delivery is essential for social welfare; however, providers performance varies, tending to underperform in developing countries. Therefore, whether providers responsiveness is sensitive to citizen oversight remains a relevant question for public governance. To this extent, Understanding the dynamics of accountability as a strategy to foster access, quality, and affordability of services delivery is vital to ensure development. This thesis establishes a quantitative assessment of the relationship between accountability and development. First, I systematically reviewed the empirical literature evaluating how accountability interventions affect service delivery in developing countries between 1990-2020, finding twenty-one papers from nine developing countries. Then, I conducted a meta-analysis based on an RVE model with over 90 outcomes to quantitatively synthesise the effectiveness of accountability in triggering citizen oversight of service delivery and providers responsiveness. The findings suggest that although accountability increases citizen knowledge of civic and political means to demand service delivery reforms, factors such as context, accountability structure and interventions length influence its effectiveness. While the results provide evidence to inform policy-making about aspects that effectively ignite citizen participation, they also suggest future research avenues to further conceptualise this relationship in an era of widely accessible information and new approaches to democracy.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Economía