La formación para la ciudadanía orientada por los docentes, es el resultado de la relación entre lo que piensan, quieren y hacen realmente en el aula. Así, la presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de comprender la relación que se establece entre la práctica docente y las representaciones sociales sobre ciudadanía de los profesores de Ciencias Sociales de educación básica del Colegio Fernando González Ochoa. Esto es importante porque permite determinar cómo se está orientando la formación para la ciudadanía desde el área de ciencias sociales en la institución educativa, además de ampliar los estudios relacionados con el tema, aportando así a la pedagogía de las ciencias sociales. Se diseñó desde un enfoque o postura teórico-metodológica interpretativa, tipo cualitativo y con técnicas e instrumentos etnográficos. Como hallazgos se menciona el papel de las experiencias personales y profesionales del docente como ciudadano, en su representación social de ciudadanía; y cómo estas representaciones sociales no siempre guían la práctica docente de los maestros. Esto en razón a la débil o ausente formación para formar a ciudadanos y al papel de la dimensión institucional que favorece o limita esta relación.

Este trabajo de investigación evalúa los resultados del área de gestión académica del programa de inclusión del colegio INEM Santiago Pérez, sección primaria, jornada tarde. Dentro del contexto de un momento histórico de cambios educativos donde se pretende ampliar la cobertura y la calidad de educativa que se le brinda a los estudiantes en el marco de una educación inclusiva, que aborde las barreras de aprendizaje como una oportunidad para enriquecer las prácticas desde la creación y fortalecimiento de estrategias metodológicas que ayuden a superar las barreras del aprendizaje de las estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales NEE, con base en sus características y potencialidades. Partiendo de la mirada de los actores del programa para describir e interpretar los procesos desarrollados en el programa de inclusión de la institución en relación con los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora en el área de gestión académica, desde el análisis de 4 categorías principales: programa de inclusión, PEI, propuesta curricular para los niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales NEE y procesos metodológicos y pedagógicos que permitan tomar decisiones de mejora acerca del programa, a la vez que se plantea un sistema de indicadores que permitan analizar periódicamente el programa.

The deaf person must be conceived under an approach that recognizes him as a capable being, with skills and abilities framed in their linguistic difference, which requires additional and specialized support in their school context. Many teachers attend this population without prior preparation and this means that the quality of education, access and permanence are affected: The strategies are not adequate and the Colombian sign language is lacking, as the mother tongue of deaf students. The research exercise provides some teaching strategies that facilitate work in the classroom with the deaf population of primary school and materializes with the design of a transversal proposal that integrates the contents of the areas of language, natural sciences, social sciences and mathematics by school levels and academic periods. The transversal proposal seeks to rescue the use of Colombian sign language in the classroom and in this way give way to learning in the language of the deaf population.

El conocimiento tradicional es parte de la identidad de las comunidades indígenas, el conjunto de relaciones espaciales y multidimensionales convergen en usos, prácticas y saberes alrededor de lo "sagrado". El manejo y la protección del territorio son fundamentales para la pervivencia de la cultura de los cuatro pueblos originarios que habitan la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Para los Wiwa del resguardo indígena Kogui Malayo Arhuaco lo sagrado puede manifestarse en montañas, rocas, ríos, en la selva o en lugares más abstractos. Los sitios sagrados representan la base ordenadora del territorio, la red de conexiones entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza y el equilibrio del mundo. La protección de los sitios sagrados en Colombia resulta urgente debido a las diferentes amenazas, cada vez más constantes y evidentes que impactan los principios que sustentan la unidad y el equilibrio de la vida, en áreas de tierra o agua que tienen un significado espiritual especial para las comunidades (PES. 2017: UICN, 2018; Ministerio de Cultura, 2017). Por consiguiente. Colombia avanza en la construcción de lineamientos para una política pública sobre la protección y salvaguardia de sitios sagrados y áreas de alto valor cultural, en la cual se pretende incluir perspectivas comunitarias e institucionales para anclar la propuesta en la realidad de un país rico en términos bioculturales, pero a la vez inscrito en complejas relaciones de poder, conflictos de intereses y avance de amenazas para los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales.

En Colombia el Decreto 662 de 1977 establece que no es incompatible que se declare un parque nacional natural con la constitución de una reserva indígena, y que por medio del establecimiento de un Régimen Especial se le respetara la permanencia, la comunidad y el aprovechamiento económico de los recursos naturales. Actualmente en Colombia, existen 18 áreas del sistema de parques naturales traslapados con más de 40 resguardos indígenas, los cuales están cobijados bajo esta normatividad. Sin embargo, la realidad de estas áreas en traslape difieren del deber ser de la norma, ya que se configuran diferentes disputas alrededor de las formas de conservar y hacer uso del territorio superpuesto. Este trabajo monográfico busca comprender y profundizar los conceptos que giran en torno a la conservación, específicamente en áreas protegidas traslapadas con territorios indígenas, teniendo como referencia principal estudios de caso en América Latina. Así mismo, se describe la situación de las áreas protegidas en Colombia desde la institucionalidad, identificando las dinámicas y trasformaciones en las políticas que se han generado alrededor de las áreas protegidas y las comunidades indígenas, dándole un contexto histórico y jurídico a la consolidación de los resguardos indígenas en el país. Para aterrizar finalmente, en un análisis de casos sobre la política de participación relacionada con los Regímenes Especiales de Manejo REM.

lntroduction: A poor nutritional status affects the population and involves very different problems, it determines from the intrauterine lile a greater susceptibility in the earíy ages, metabolic disorders in adulthood and higher risk of death also for the elderly; effects that bring impacts in social, economic, educational, among others. Objective: To characterize the premature mortalrty dueto malnutrition in Colombia and its departments in the period 1999 - 2013, identified its magnitude through the YPLL indicator. Method: Descriptive research, analyzing ICD-10 codes of vital statistics for !he years 1999. 2013, estimating mortality rates, YPLL and YPLL rates. Results. Premature mortality due to malnutrition decreases in the first years of study; from 2007 to 2013 maintains a steady behavior. There are two age groups that concentrate the highest rates, those under 5 years and those over 70, the latter with the highest rates. The departments of the Amazon and Orinoquia show limitations in estimating indicators, attributed to sub-registration, coverage, census ornission, among others. The departments of the Caribbean Coast and Choco have the highest mortality rates and YPLL ratas for malnutrition.

La Subdirección de Información y Desarrollo Tecnológico en adelante IDT, de la entidad pública Colombia Compra Eficiente, no tiene un sistema de gestión de conocimiento estructurado, que le permita administrar el conocimiento intangible y el desarrollo de las competencias necesarias en cada área. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, este trabajo de grado propone un modelo de gestión de conocimiento para IDT en aras de mejorar la transferencia de conocimiento entre los colaboradores que garantice que cada proceso de cada área de la estructura organizacional de IDT se ejecute adecuadamente. El modelo que se propone involucra aspectos como: (i) interacción dinámica y continúa entre el conocimiento tácito y el conocimiento explícito siguiendo cuatro fases: socialización, externalización, combinación e interiorización, (ii) el apoyo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) como soporte para la recolección, codificación, registro, actualización, consulta y socialización del conocimiento, y (iii) el liderazgo y la cultura como apoyo fundamental para la gestión del conocimiento en el área.

The aim of this report is to demonstrate and explore how the vernacular architecture and crafts of the Andean region of Colombia could inspire the creation of an interior installation that is designed to convey a personal interpretation of the tensions associated with the current internal conflict in Colombia and a sincere aspiration for sustainable peace. To approach this hypothesis, the perspectives of experts in those matters were imperative and guided the further research of alternative secondary methods that included books, journals, and official publications. The main structure of the report attempts to address three principal chapters. The first chapter intends to recognise and highlight the importance of Guadua to the vernacular architecture and crafts associated with the Andean region of Colombia. The second chapter focuses on the investigation of the current trends and science behind narrative design and the infinite possibilities of storytelling in exhibitions and set design. Finally, the third chapter explores the current internal conflict between the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and Colombia’s National Government, which in theory is being tried to be resolved from the study of peace agreements and new possibilities for both parts achieving justice and repair.Findings obtained throughout the research and analytical process show that Guadua’s characteristics as a construction material represent a new insight in the scenario of a sustainable world. Furthermore, Colombia’s ongoing conflict, although it depends on many factors, should be acknowledged globally and has the potential to be tackled from a new artistic perspective, where an interior installation encodes a sincere aspiration for sustainable peace.

The FreshWaterMill project is a transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (EST) from The Netherlands to Colombia that involves several Dutch companies, the Delft University of Technology and Coralina (corporation for sustainable development of the Archipelago San Andrés, Providence and Saint Kathleen). The installation place is Johnny Cay, a small islet 1.5 km northeast from San Andrés, Colombia, uninhabited and exclusive for touristic use (Van Tonningen, 2014). The technology is a wind powered reverse osmosis (RO) system that can fulfil the drinkable water and electricity demands of the Cay. This way can be alleviated the sanitary conditions resulting from unsustainable touristic practices. Moreover, this project is seen as a promoter of sustainable development in the Archipelago (Coralina, 2006), and as a potential solution to provide electricity and water to rural and remote areas of low utility coverage but abundant wind power. There are no environmental or social impact analyses that validate the sustainable character of the technology transfer. Moreover, although it is intended to improve the livelihood of target users their opinions are not reflected in the project plans. This situation resembles those factors that describe the trend to failure of technology transfers. Therefore this research made an integral assessment of the project as a Socio-Technical System (STS) to provide useful findings and recommendations that could lead it away from such trend. The Functions of Innovation Systems (FIS) framework (Van Alphen, 2008) was chosen for a systems approach analysis. Through this was found that poor planning, insufficient financial resources and ineffective communication channels are the most relevant barriers for a successful implementation of the FreshWaterMill. The most relevant drivers are the suitability of the place for a wind/RO system, the planning of a local educational center, a remarkable advocacy for Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in the Archipelago and the existence of local human capital and R&D on RE. Five conditions for self-organization were derived from the PAR (Participatory Action Research) methodology to explore the likeliness of self-organization for bottom-up management. Through this methodology was shown that the difficult relationship between the corporation and the touristic service providers, their lack of group cohesion, managerial and operational capacities, ignorance and/or misuse of instruments for self-organization, make unfeasible for this group to address the barriers and support the drivers of the project. Relevant conditions from the context not covered by the previous methodologies were also included. These reflected that the advocacy for RETs is counteracted by the fragmentation between institutional actors and their lack of managerial skills on technology topics, which makes them rely on national and international assistance to achieve a technological transition. The regular interaction that Johnny Cay workers will have with the windmill, the affinity of the life plan of young adults to the project objectives and the likeliness of this group to make economic contributions urges the need for a participatory approach. The socio-cultural crisis of the Archipelago supports this recommendation. However, the difficulty of institutional entities to understand and assume the roles that require a participatory approach and the path dependency on top-down regulation makes it a complex challenge. A participatory approach for the FreshWaterMill is indirectly supported by the management plan of the Natural Regional Park Johnny Cay and the Community and institutional participation board. Additional to the commitment of the corporation to assume an enabling role, the process needs a mediator so the touristic service.

The main purpose of this research is to demonstrate the connection between the vernacular architecture of La Cabaña and El Chuzo, two coffee regions of Caldas, Colombia, and how their ordinary domestic spaces of everyday life are defined and intimately related to the process of coffee production. The study of both veredas will lead us to understand an architecture that has been shaped by the two systems of coffee production in Caldas, known as Latifundios1 (La Cabaña) and minifundios2 (El Chuzo). Both systems determine the social and economic structure of the Caldas coffee region and therefore also its vernacular architecture and its peoples’ everyday life. This study will demonstrate the tangible and intangible qualities of these places, enabling us to understand in a deep way their values, meaning, and change over time. In Colombia, a country just starting to document its history and to create a written patrimony, being able to narrate what people do not know about La Cabaña and El Chuzo is a way to work toward a better understanding of the coffee region´s vernacular architecture and cultural landscape, and its sense of place and identity. To achieve this understanding of the coffee region, the project is undertaken in the emerging field of Cultural Landscape studies. This methodology aims to identify and analyze the essential and fundamental qualities of specific places, to then reveal their sense of place and identity. The study is done through historic photographs, oral histories, interviews, direct observation and documentation of peoples’ everyday lives around the process of coffee production. Only by studying how people live and the activities that take place in their domestic spaces and by being part of their everyday life, will we be able to understand how the vernacular architecture of La Cabaña and El Chuzo has been shaped by the process and culture of coffee production.