Saltar navegación e ir al contenido principal

Estás filtrando por

Haz seleccionado nuevos filtros para tu búsqueda. Para aplicarlos, haz clic en “Aplicar filtros”.

Se encontraron 2069 resultados en recursos de contenido

Imagen de apoyo de Composition and structure of spider assemblages in layers of the mixedwood boreal forest after variable retention harvest

Por: Jaime Hernando Pinzón Cortés | Fecha: 01/01/2011

Natural disturbances are important drivers of ecosystem change in the boreal forest and new approaches to sustainable forest management draw on natural disturbance patterns as a template for harvesting. The main premise for such approach is that species have evolved and adapted to stand-replacing natural disturbances and thus are more likely to be maintained on landscapes managed to preserve spatial patterns of natural disturbance. I used spiders – one of the most important, diverse and ubiquitous groups of terrestrial predatory invertebrates – as a model for assessing the impacts of variable retention harvesting practices on biodiversity in the mixedwood boreal forest.Spiders were collected from the Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND) project landbase over a period of five years from different harvest treatments and forest-types. Results for 249 species in 18 families are included in this study. Changes in composition of spider assemblages clearly followed the disturbance gradient from clear-cut to uncut treatments and these changes were linked to habitat and forest structure. Ground-dwelling assemblages were mostly affected by harvesting, whereas canopy assemblages were less influenced when stand connectivity remained.Low tree retention (i.e., 10-20%, which is the range currently applied by the forestry industry) showed some ability to mitigate adverse effects of clear-cutting; yet, higher retention levels are needed to maintain forest specialist species, especially in late successional seres (e.g., conifer dominated). A “life-boating” effect of aggregated retention was evident, and was more effective when applied in combination with dispersed retention. The application of different harvesting practices alone is unlikely to entirely emulate the effects and processes caused by major disturbances on the landscape.Thus, keeping in mind that fire is an important component in the boreal forest, this type of disturbance cannot be excluded from management if the goal is to preserve a natural range of biodiversity. In conclusion, to sustain rich and diverse spider assemblages, management of the boreal mixedwood should aim towards maintaining landscape heterogeneity. Consequently, no single practice is effective to emulate natural post-disturbance patterns and to adapt harvesting to effectively imitate the processes of a disturbance driven system, a combination of prescriptions is recommended.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Modelagem Ambiental com Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para Avaliação de Áreas para Exploração e Produção de Shale Gas com Técnicas de Fraturamento Hidráulico

Por: Omar Mauricio Hernández Carrascal | Fecha: 01/01/2016

Resumo:Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de análise ambiental implementado em SIG, que utiliza uma metodologia de análise multicritério para avaliação de áreas para E&P de gás de folhelho (shale gas) com técnicas de fraturamento hidráulico.O modelo utiliza diferentes métodos de análise multicritério, como AHP, OWA e LCPA, para diminuir a subjetividade das avaliações meramente qualitativas. Foram selecionados os parâmetros ambientais relacionados com os potenciais impactos estratégicos deste tipo de atividade. O modelo foi montado no software ArcGIS e foram estabelecidos os valores padrão e opções de configuração para avaliação de cenários.O modelo foi aplicado no caso específico da Bacia do Rio Piquirí, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados espaciais foram coletados a partir de fontes públicas e pré-processados. A pesquisa propôs as análises dos blocos oferecidos e concedidos na 12ª Rodada de Licitações de Petróleo e Gás do Brasil.Os resultados da avaliação mostraram que a vocação ambiental para E&P de gás de folhelho dos blocos oferecidos é muito baixa, classificando tais áreas como não adequadas para esta atividade. Finalmente, foi proposta a localização de um bloco de área equivalente aos concedidos de menor complexidade ambiental para este tipo de atividades.Resumen: Este trabajo presenta un modelo de análisis ambiental implementado en SIG. Éste utiliza una metodología de análisis multicritério para evaluación de áreas para E&P de shale gas con técnicas de fracturamiento hidráulico. El modelo utiliza diferentes métodos de análisis multicritério como AHP, OWA y LCPA para disminuir la subjetividad de las evaluaciones meramente cualitativas.Fueron seleccionados las parámetros ambientales relacionados con os impactos estratégicos potenciales de este tipo de actividad. El modelo fue montado en el software ArcGIS y fueron establecidos los valores por defecto e las opciones de configuración para evaluación de escenarios. Éste fue aplicado al caso específico de la Cuenca del Río Piquirí, en el Estado de Paraná, Brasil. Los datos espaciales fueron obtenidos de instituciones públicas y pre-procesados.La investigación propone el análisis de los bloques ofrecidos y concesionados en la 12ª Rodada de licitaciones de Petróleo y Gas de Brasil. Los resultados de la evaluación muestran que la vocación ambiental para E&P de shale gas de los bloques ofrecidos es muy baja, así son clasificadas como no aptas para esta actividad. Finalmente, fue propuesta la localización de un bloque de exploración de área equivalente a los bloques concesionados con una menor complejidad ambiental para estas actividades.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Estimating Child’s Health Demand in Colombia: Is mother’s education and important input?

Por: Juan Andrés Cabal Jaramillo | Fecha: 01/01/2010

The importance of child’s health relies on its economic significance, given that is a key indicator of the quality of life in developing countries and a measure of their economic development. Its main role is to help policy makers take into account the importance of education as a relevant factor of productivity and intergenerational mobility.Child health is not only related with adult health, educational attainment, productivity, and income, but is also a development indicator all by itself. Among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established in 2000 by the United Nations (UN) and adopted by the 193 members and 23 international organizations, at least four are directly related to child health or nutritional status.Many papers have been written about the relationship between child’s health and mother’s education; however, so far only one study has aimed to evaluate the importance of such factor in Colombia3. By using different estimation methods, this investigation will attempt to establish the importance of mother’s education on child’s health by analyzing a sample of 15,038 women with children between 0 and 35/59 months in Colombia.A positive association has important policy implications. For instance, if more educated mothers do in fact tend to have healthier boys/girls, then policy makers should focus on better education policies (such as school and class size, school selection, privatizing education, advanced teacher training and teaching methods, graduation requirements, and investing in infrastructure development, amongst others) to improve the health level of the next generation.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Capacity Building for development in Tertiary Education: The Dutch-Colombian partnership 2010-2015. From aid to trade: Implications, benefits and challenges

Por: Ángela Patricia Jiménez Gómez | Fecha: 01/01/2016

Abstract:The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Dutch-Colombian development cooperation projects in capacity building for higher education during the last five years. The implications, benefits and challenges of Colombia’s transition from recipient to a partner country for the Netherlands will be explored. The Netherlands has been a traditional donor country for Colombia since the 1960s, with a focus on water management, environment, food security, gender, good governance, and human priority sectors of bilateral collaboration programs. However, due to changing patterns of the Dutch foreign public policy for development cooperation since 2010 and also from the Colombian government since 2011, different sectors affirm that there is a shift in the way of doing partnerships with Latin American countries, especially with Colombia. There is a big debate between those who assume that capacity building programs for development in tertiary education are going to be replaced by business alliances and others who affirm that it will be a win-win partnership model between Colombia and the Netherlands.For this reason, in times of transformation development patterns questions arise such as how does the transition ‘from aid to trade’ between North-South countries, affects development effectiveness in Capacity Building programmes for tertiary education? What are the implications of the transition phase of the Dutch-Colombian partnership in the capacity building framework for Higher Education?Through semi-structured interviews with the main actors of 6 case studies from the Dutch-Colombian cooperation for capacity development in higher education (2010-2015) and a literature review of policy papers, institutional studies, reports, lectures and meetings, the present analysis will give a qualitative perspective to complement the existing literature and enrich the debate about upcoming challenges facing all the actors involved.Resumen:El propósito de la presente tesis es analizar los proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo Colombo-Holandesa en el fortalecimiento de capacidades en Educación Superior durante los últimos cinco años. Se examinarán las implicaciones, beneficios y desafíos de la transición de Colombia de ser un país receptor de ayuda a un país aliado para los Países Bajos. Tradicionalmente los Países Bajos han sido donantes de cooperación bilateral al desarrollo para Colombia desde la década de 1960, centrándose en la gestión del agua, el medio ambiente, la seguridad alimentaria, el género, la buena gobernanza y los derechos humanos.Sin embargo, debido a cambios en materia de política exterior holandesa para la cooperación al desarrollo desde 2010 y a su vez los cambios de política exterior del gobierno colombiano desde 2011, diferentes sectores afirman que hay un cambio en la forma de hacer alianzas con países latinoamericanos, especialmente con Colombia. Hay un gran debate entre los que asumen que los programas de desarrollo de capacidades en educación terciaria van a ser reemplazados por alianzas comerciales y otros que afirman que será un modelo de asociación gana-gana entre Colombia y los Países Bajos.Por esta razón, en tiempos de transformación se plantean cuestionamientos tales ¿ Cómo la transición "de la ayuda al comercio" entre los países Norte-Sur, afecta la eficacia de los programas de fortalecimiento de capacidades para la educación terciaria?¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de la transición de la cooperación Colombo-Holandesa en el marco de fortalecimiento de capacidades en Educación Superior?A través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los principales actores de 6 casos de estudio de la cooperación Colombo-holandesa para el desarrollo de capacidades en educación superior (2010-2015) y una revisión de literatura comprendida por documentos de políticas públicas, estudios institucionales, informes, conferencias y reuniones, el presente análisis brinda una perspectiva cualitativa para complementar la literatura existente y enriquecer el debate sobre los próximos desafíos que enfrentan todos los actores involucrados.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Ciencias sociales

Imagen de apoyo de Unfolding challenges of extractive activities in terms of Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice – a local perspective of mining in Colombia

Por: Alba Milena Ruiz Arias | Fecha: 01/01/2014

In this work, the particularities of natural resource wealth are the building blocks for the theoretical identification of some challenges faced by national governments in relation to extractive activities. Such challenges are later on unfolded from the perspective of overlapping claims on both environmental sustainability and social justice.The discussion here presented travels between different spatial, institutional and temporal scales, and particularly from the national to the regional (sub-national) levels. In order to observe how some of the challenges of extractive activities are manifested in practice, the case of La Colosa, an intended gold mining venture in the Colombian Andean region, is addressed.This work exposes some relevant tasks that the Colombian government has to undertake if the economic growth of the country is to be based on natural resources exploitation. In regards to long-term provision of environmental goods and services, the analysis done in this work allows the identification of tensions between the mining interests and the need to protect environmental functions related to the availability and quality of land and water resources.These tensions are aggravated by the existence of disjointed institutions and policies at the national level as well as between regional and national scales. So as to the achievement of social justice, this analysis reveals how the national interest on extractive activities for economic growth need to be not superimposed on, but harmonised with regional interests on natural resources for environmental functionality and local livelihoods, so as to avoid a systematic misrecognition of population’s needs and rights.Misaddressing this challenge conduces local entities to the necessary search of other avenues for claiming their recognition and participation. In this second stage, there is an additional need to ensure the security, effectiveness and legitimacy of participatory spaces that, if overshadowed by particular interests, may end up further reproducing the misrecognition patterns, exhausting the avenues for assertive claiming and even triggering conflict.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Clear objectives, flexible means: Making the case for international asset recovery in the context of peace negotiations

Por: Andrés Ucros Maldonado | Fecha: 01/01/2015

International recovery of illegal assets has received considerable attention in the last 25 years. International conventions against corruption, organized crime and terrorism have recognized its central importance for international and national security, development policy and the Rule of Law. International institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank (WB) have created special units and programs to deliver and implement policy recommendations on the issue. Moreover, private organizations such as Transparency International and the Basel Institute on Governance have also engaged in supporting efforts done by States and local NGOs around the world, especially in developing countries.However all these initiatives to design and implement a comprehensive and effective framework to identify, trace, freeze, confiscate and recover illegal assets from abroad have not fulfilled the expectations of victims, civil society, States and international community. Extensive literature claims that political, legal and operational problems impede an effective approach to international recovery of illegal assets in the context of the fight against organized crime. Yet, there are no studies that consider international asset recovery in the context of peace negotiations between the State and illegal armed groups, where cooperation, compromise and mutual concessions are essential features of such situation.I argue that a peace process is a special opportunity for international asset recovery because in this context parties can create the incentives to overcome the key obstacles of ordinary asset recovery. Still, this requires to rethink international asset recovery in terms of restorative justice. I argue that a peace process setting is an exceptional background to create complementary, temporal and exceptional mechanisms by which illegal armed groups can effectively map, identify and cooperate with State authorities in order to recover, repatriate and liquidate their illegal assets from abroad.By pursuing this, the State would not only comply with the international standards of asset recovery, but also could fulfil the obligations owed to victims of international crimes. I claim that we should examine this new dimension of international asset recovery because most illegal armed groups involved in peace negotiations are also involved in drug trafficking, money laundering and terrorism at a global scale. This dissertation aims to link the standard literature of international asset recovery with the field of restorative justice, peace-making and transitional justice to explore a new a research agenda that could have relevant policy implications.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Ciencias sociales

Imagen de apoyo de Les effets de la rénovation urbaine et patrimoniale dans des zones locales-globales de frontière: le cas de la Place de San Victorino (Bogotá, D.C., Colombie) dans une analyse comprarée

Por: Carlos Martín Carbonell Higuera | Fecha: 01/01/2012

La thèse ci-dessous donne lieu á une « ethnographie généalogique » au sujet des principaux aspects historiques qui confèrent au secteur de San Victorino, dans la ville de Bogota, D.C. (Colombie, Amérique du Sud), une série de caractéristiques spatiales et socioculturelles propres à une « zone de frontière urbaine » dont la haute valeur stratégique, aussi bien en termes patrimoniaux qu’immobiliers et de position dans la ville, attire de manière significative l’intérêt des réformateurs urbains.Cela a engendré ces dernières années une série de conflits reliés à la construction de traits d’identité de la part des acteurs sociaux présents dans le secteur, qui réclament une série de pratiques et de modes de vie produits dans l’environnement local, face aux tendances signalées par une ville qui intensifie son insertion dans le processus actuel de globalisation.C’est précisément ce facteur qui permet de mettre en évidence des situations similaires dans d’autres métropoles du sous continent latino-américain (Quito, Lima, et Mexico, D.F.), marqués par des éléments historiques, socioculturels et urbanistiques communs, contribuant á la réalisation d’une réflexion ethnologique et anthropologique par le biais d’une analyse comparative.L’objectif de cette analyse consiste à comprendre les effets que les réformes urbaines poussées par les tendances de la ville globale du XXIème siècle ont sur ces zones de frontière et sur les groupes de population qui habitent les scénarios locaux où se développent ce genre d’interventions, beaucoup d’entre eux ayant déjà créé un modus vivendi dans ces lieux et voyant se transformer leur existence à partir des projets promus par les administrations urbaines.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de ¿Son los procesos de selección usados por la industria hotelera culturalmente sensitivos? = Are The Selection Methods Used By The Hospitality Industry Culturally Sensitive?

Por: Guillermo Herrera Pinilla | Fecha: 01/01/2002

La industria hotelera se ha convertido en un ‘jugador’ central dentro de la economía global. La creciente movilidad de la fuerza de trabajo y el proceso de globalización de la industria son una realidad. Las organizaciones expandiéndose más allá de las fronteras locales están enfrentando, más que nunca, el reto de dirigir una fuerza de trabajo culturalmente diversa. Por tanto, la importancia de desarrollar métodos de selección culturalmente sensitivos dentro de un ambiente multicultural, representa un gran reto para la industria. La primera parte comprende una revisión de la literatura, la cual destaca temas claves como el proceso de globalización, los mercados laborales internacionales, el concepto de cultura, las prácticas en el área de los Recursos Humanos, la diversidad cultural, las prácticas discriminatorias, la validez y sensibilidad cultural de los métodos de selección, y las reacciones de los candidatos ante el proceso de selección.Un modelo es sugerido con el propósito de comprender la interacción de estos elementos. La segunda parte describe la investigación empírica llevada a cabo en tres grupos hoteleros internacionales establecidos en el Reino Unido. Las conclusiones advierten que los ‘nuevos’ individuos que están llegando a la industria hotelera están retando las prácticas tradicionales en las organizaciones. Hay una falta de conciencia (preocupación) cultural de la industria en cuanto a los métodos de selección. El reto de seleccionar empleados multiculturales no ha sido logrado por la industria aún. Las recomendaciones apuntan a que podría ser tiempo de revaluar, revisar y, de ser necesario, cambiar las prácticas de la industria.El talento debería ser más importante que la nacionalidad cuando los reclutadores seleccionen aspirantes de diferentes orígenes étnicos. Los aspirantes mismos también podrían necesitar el desarrollo de una actitud diferente ante el proceso de selección. Finalmente, es evidente que no existen estudios enfocados a la selección dentro de un ambiente multicultural.Investigaciones posteriores deberían ser dirigidas a identificar las dimensiones de las diferencias culturales que afectan los métodos de selección así como a medir su objetividad y sensibilidad cultural. De igual forma, se sugiere el diseño de un modelo conceptual consistente que procure comprender la interacción de los factores internos y externos que inciden sobre el proceso de selección.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Children born as a consequence of wartime sexual violence: subverting structures of discrimination = Niños nacidos como resultado de violencia sexual en tiempos de Guerra: subvirtiendo estructuras de discriminación

Por: Tatiana Sánchez Parra | Fecha: 01/01/2013

Gender-based violence during armed conflicts and under oppressive regimes is a reality. Although governments, NGOs, the international community and civil society have made efforts to address the impact of gender-selective practices on women their magnitude remains underestimated. When sexual violence has been systematically used as a strategy of terror and control, children born as a consequence of it emerge within the society as a generation conceived from violence. Even though these children are part of the narratives of wartime sexual violence survivors, they have neither gained a place in the agenda of human rights concerns nor in the post-violence political agenda. Indeed, in the aftermath of conflict they seem to be invisible subjects of the wounded society and therefore, their role in the process of national reconciliation is denied.Although there is a significant lack of information on these children, empirical evidence shows that their human rights are highly compromised in a number of ways and that their presence cannot be underestimated. In this dissertation I argue that the omission to include these children in the agenda towards reconciliation hinders the project of national reconstruction. By being excluded from this process, they are not just marginalised from the political process towards reconstruction of the society but also from society itself. My analysis is enriched by elements coming from sociology, psychology and international human rights law. I based my research on the review of International Human Rights Instruments; Literature on gender based violence during conflicts; war-affected children; trauma; and reconciliation. In addition, I reviewed literature on the plight of these children in Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Sustainability reporting: information complexity = Reportes de sostenibilidad: complejidad en la información

Por: Carlos Oliveros | Fecha: 01/01/2010

Abstract:The paper presents a theoretical critical revision of the four mainstream sustainability information encoding processes by arguing that they are insufficiently capable of intelligibly recording, classifying, and summarizing sustainability data for economic prosperity, environmental integrity and social equity decision making (i.e. sustainable development). Utilizing the postulates of General Systems Theory and systems proprieties the problem of information complexity presented by sustainability data is addressed.Resumen:El siguiente trabajo presenta una revisión teórico crítica de los cuatro procesos de codificación de información desde los cuales se reporta actualmente en sostenibilidad. El trabajo sostiene que cada uno de ellos es insuficientemente capaz de registrar, clasificar y resumir información de forma inteligible para la toma de decisiones sobre desarrollo sostenible, es decir, respecto a decisiones sobre prosperidad económica, integridad medioambiental y equidad social. La revisión crítica está basada en los postulados de la Teoría General de Sistemas y en las propiedades sistémicas que permiten abordar el problema de la complejidad en información que presenta la información en sostenibilidad.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros