No hay libros de divulgación que expliquen de una manera atractiva, sencilla y comprensible pero científica, todo lo que quiere conocer sobre las enfermedades más frecuentes, las que afectan a una amplia mayoría de la población. Este libro responde a las necesidades del lector medio no profesional sanitario, pero con interés en los temas médicos. ¿Se pueden controlar las migrañas? ¿Por qué es tan frecuente el estreñimiento y cómo se puede evitar? ¿Es siempre apendicitis el dolor abdominal agudo? ¿Es lo mismo el catarro común que la bronquitis? ¿Cómo se previenen y se tratan las depresiones? ¿Por qué la obesidad es la epidemia del siglo XXI? ¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer? ¿Por qué las vacunas son esenciales? ¿Hay enfermedades causadas por parásitos? ¿Qué efectos nocivos puede causar el medio ambiente?

Digital. Bogotá : Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, 2018. Recurso en línea (165 páginas) : archivo de texto, PDF, 46.9 MB

Biblioteca tiene ediciones: F. Cuervo: Valentiae : I. Monnpié, 1825 (No. 971) -- F. Martín: Genevae : Typ. Petr., 1628 (No. 5) -- F. Mutis (F. Mutis 610/H466...): Paris : E. Michllet, 1685 -- Basileae : Of. Frobeniana, 1541 ; Ianae : I. Bielkl, 1695 ; Romae : N.A. Tinassi, 1659 ; Madrid : F.F. Mojados, 1744 ; Valentiae : S. Fauli, 1733 ; Libros Raros: Paris : D'Hourry, 1727 (RC 610.938/H466a/1727)

Descripción física : 24 p. ; 20 cm.

Archivo en PDF (5 MB). Bogotá : Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, 2010

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación de las variables de rendimiento físico con los grupos de equipos ganadores, empatados y perdedores de los partidos de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Rusia 2018. La muestra seleccionada para realizar el presente análisis fue de 32 selecciones nacionales participantes, examinadas por medio de 57 partidos en total. Los equipos fueron divididos en tres diferentes grupos, dependiendo del resultado obtenido: (0) equipos ganadores (N=48), (1) equipos que empataron (N=18) y (2) equipos perdedores (N=48). Los datos recogidos del presente trabajo de investigación han sido analizados a través de la página web https://www.fifa.com. Las variables utilizadas para el análisis de los datos fueron: distancia total recorrida, distancia recorrida con el balón en posesión, distancia recorrida sin el balón en posesión, sprints, posesión del balón lanzamientos a favor, diferencia de lanzamientos, tiempo empleado en la mitad del equipo oponente (OH), tiempo empleado en el tercio ofensivo (A3); Tiempo empleado en el área de penalti (PA), zona 1 de velocidad: 0-7 km/h, zona 2 de velocidad: 7-15 km/h, zona 3 de velocidad: 15-20 km/h, zona 4 de velocidad: 20-25 km/h, zona 5 de velocidad: > 25 km/h. Se realizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, para establecer la normalidad de los datos y posteriormente la prueba ANOVA de un factor para analizar los datos de distribución normal y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para muestras independientes, para datos de distribución no normal. Los datos observados no arrojaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La conclusión de la presente investigación es que ni las variables de rendimiento físico, ni las variables técnico-tácticas utilizadas, fueron determinantes para ganar, empatar o perder partidos en la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Rusia 2018.

Colombia is an upper middle-income country with an estimated population of 49.2 million people, and road traffic collisions (RTCs) are the second most common cause of traumatic death. The government established the National Road Safety Plan (PNSV) for the period 2011-2021, to reduce RTC-related deaths by 26%. Study aim was to evaluate whether Road Safety Laws have had a long-term effect on road safety in the country. Data on RTC from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2017 were collated from official Colombian governmental publications. Three periods were considered for analysis: 2001-2010 evaluating the Transit Code; 2011-2017 evaluating the PNSV; and 2001-2017 evaluating the full study period. A total of 102,723 deaths (12.7%) and 707,778 injuries (87.3%) were reported from 2001 through 2017. Transit Code period showed a 10.1% decline in deaths, 16.6% decline in injuries, and rates per 100,000 inhabitants and per 10,000 registered vehicles also declined. During the PNSV period, there was an increase in deaths by 16.6%, injuries decreased by 1.7%, and death rates per 100,000 inhabitants also increased. During the total study period, a 12.4% reduction in the total number of casualties was achieved, and death and injury rates per 100,000 inhabitants decreased by 12.4% and 27.5%, respectively. Overall, the absolute number of RTCs and deaths has increased. RTCs rates per 10,000 registered vehicles has decreased. Although the goals of the PNSV may not be realized, some laws may be having a beneficial effect. Further study is required to determine the longer-term impact of these initiatives.

Background: The effect of early surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures has been controversial during the last five decades due to equivocal evidence both in favour and against it. The objective of this thesis is to systematically assess all the available evidence on the effect(s) of early surgery compared with delayed surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods: Searches for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective observational studies were conducted from inception to July 2017 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), and they were complemented with list of references searching, review of both clinical trials registers and archives of orthopaedic meetings. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias; and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated for dichotomous data, and mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated for continuous data. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: 39 studies were included with 51,857 participants (range of mean age: 74 to 93 years) comparing early versus delayed surgery. Three studies were RCTs and 36 were observational studies. The evidence from RCTs and observational studies showed that early surgery reduces risk of all-cause 3 mortality in elderly patients with a hip fracture (RR 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 0.83; I2 = 67%; number needed to treat for benefit (NNTB) 20; low quality of evidence). Observational studies showed reduced risk of all-cause mortality by early surgery at 6 (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.91; I2 = 56%; very low quality of evidence) and 12 months postoperative (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87; I2 = 76%; very low quality of evidence), and when surgery is performed within the first 48 hours upon hospital admission (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.84; I2 = 65%; very low quality of evidence). Observational studies also showed a reduction of complications (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.73; I2 = 64%; very low quality of evidence) and length of hospital stay (MD -5.06, 95% CI -6.52 to -3.60; I2 = 87%; very low quality of evidence) by early surgery, but the evidence was uncertain for functionality (SMD 0.05, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.14; I2 = 0%; low quality of evidence) and pain (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.17; I2 = 0%; very low quality of evidence). RCTs showed that early surgery reduces length of stay (MD -6.73, 95% CI -12.92 to -0.54; I2 = 54%; very low quality of evidence) and improves functionality (SMD 0.32, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.59; I2 = 5%; low quality of evidence). Conclusions: Low-quality evidence showed that early surgery reduces all-cause mortality at 6 and 12 months post-surgery, especially when it is performed during the first 48 hours after hospital admission. There was very low-quality evidence of a reduction in complications including pneumonia and pressure sores, and low-quality evidence for a reduced risk of urinary tract infection for early compared with delayed surgery. Reductions in length of hospital stay and improvement of postoperative functionality with early surgery were also observed but with very low- and low-quality of evidence respectively. There was very low-quality evidence for no effect of early surgery on postoperative pain.

El desgaste por empatía es un concepto relativamente reciente y en evolución que ha captado el interés de los profesionales sanitarios debido a que el trabajo en el ámbito de la salud implica un coste emocional que repercute en la misma salud del trabajador y en su labor profesional. Según la literatura revisada, los programas en prevención en todos los niveles de este tipo de estrés son escasos, por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un programa de prevención del desgaste por empatía en profesionales sanitarios de una unidad de diálisis de hospital. La idea surgió de la necesidad manifiesta por la Unidad de Diálisis del Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (HUIS), hacia la Unidad de Salud Mental del mismo Hospital y de la confianza depositada en la investigación académica, relacionada con la dificultad en el afrontamiento a la muerte de pacientes de la Unidad, por parte del personal asistencial. El propósito es entonces entrenar a los profesionales en estrategias de regulación emocional del desgaste por empatía, con el fin de disminuir los niveles de este tipo de estrés y prevenir su futura aparición, por medio del desarrollo de 6 módulos, que se llevarán a cabo a través de diferentes ciclos y que puede tener continuidad a través de una modalidad de Formación Continuada. Se ha diseñado una evaluación estandarizada con el fin de medir la presunta efectividad del programa para prevenir el desgaste por empatía. Se realiza una valoración sobre los resultados esperados, las conclusiones del diseño de la propuesta del programa, así como de sus limitaciones y sobre futuras líneas de investigación. Abstract: The compassion fatigue is a relatively recent and evolving concept that has captured the interest of health professionals because working in health implies an emotional cost that affects the health and the worker performance. According to the revised literature, prevention programs at all levels of this kind of stress are scarce, therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a program of prevention of compassion fatigue in healthcare professionals of a dialysis unit of a hospital. The idea came up from the necessity exposed by the Dialysis Unit of the Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia (HUIS), towards the Mental Health Unit of the same Hospital and from the confidence placed in the academic research, related to the difficulty of facing death of patients of the unit, by the assistance personnel. The purpose is then to train professionals in strategies of emotional regulation of compassion fatigue, in order to reduce the levels of this type of stress and prevent its future emergence, through the development of 6 modules, which will be carried out through different cycles and that can have continuity through a continuous training modality. A standardized assessment has been designed to measure the presumed effectiveness of the program to prevent the compassion fatigue. An assessment is made of the expected results, the conclusions of the design of the program proposal, as well as its limitations and future lines of research.

Organotypic brain culture is an experimental tool widely used in neuroscience studies. One major drawback of this technique is reduced neuronal survival across time, which is likely exacerbated by the loss of blood flow. We have designed a novel, tube flow system, which is easily incorporated into the commonly-used, standard semi-permeable membrane culture methodology which has significantly enhanced neuronal survival in a brain stem nucleus involved in control of motivated and arousal states: the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT). Our automated system provides nutrients and removes waste in a comparatively aseptic environment, while preserving temperature, and oxygen levels. Using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology, our system was found superior to standard techniques in preserving tissue quality and survival of LDT cells for up to 2 weeks. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that the LDT can be preserved in organotypic slice culture, and further, our technical improvements of adding a flow system, which likely enhanced perfusion to the slice, were associated with enhanced neuronal survival. Our perfusion system is expected to facilitate organotypic experiments focused on chronic stimulations and multielectrode recordings in the LDT, as well as enhance neuronal survival in slice cultures originating from other brain regions.