Abstract: Reservoir models of deep-water channels rely upon low-resolution but spatially extensive seismic data, high vertical resolution but spatially sparse well log data and geomodeling methods. The results cannot predict architecture below seismic resolution or between well logs. Usually, the data and interpretations that provide constraints for modeling workflows do not capture sub-seismic scale architecture. Therefore, standard modeling methods do not generate models that include details that can impact hydrocarbon flow and recovery. Constraining models to well and seismic data is problematic. Employing measured sections in the Tres Pasos Fm. (Magallanes Basin, Chile) is feasible to predict deep-water channel architecture, specifically channel stacking patterns with 1D information analogous to well data. This research performed near-wellbore modeling to generate multiple scenarios of channel stacking patterns constrained by machine learning-derived probabilities using (i) conditional Monte Carlo simulation with soft probabilities per channel element within the measured section choosing the highest probabilities for each element (ii) conditional Monte Carlo simulation of channel stacking, (iii) template-based modeling, (iv) forward modeling with Markov transition probabilities without matching to thickness and (v) conditional Monte Carlo simulation constrained to measured section thickness. Machine learning workflows generate channel position probabilities (i.e., axis, off-axis, margin) within a measured section given the interpreted top/bases of channel elements. These probabilities constitute the input for Monte Carlo simulations capturing channel element stacking patterns at the measured section locations. The most likely 2D channel stacking pattern scenarios defined channel centerline points, and volumes of the individual channel elements can be generated connecting them. Surface-based modeling offers a way to depict reservoirs of hydrocarbons, water or low-enthalpy geothermal systems in which small-scale heterogeneity needs to be captured explicitly by bounding surfaces because it impacts fluid flow, improving our forecasts of resource exploitation. Furthermore, predicting heterogeneity controlled by depositional architecture is critical for transport and storage capacity in CO2 reservoirs. The dataset provided and the advent of these flexible and accurate methods to depict the subsurface offer the opportunity to overcome the historical limitations of grid-based models and allow us to assess multiscale architecture that controls fluid flow. This research aims to show the results of modeling deepwater channels, including a 1D identification of architectural positions and a 2D arrangement of channel stacking patterns.

Abstract: Colombia is a country whose economy is largely driven by SMEs companies, but with the advance of technology, their production and growth is stagnating. Only companies that have under- stood the importance of innovation and have applied technologies framed in the DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION are making progress. One of the most critical reasons why these companies have not yet begun to go through this change of ideology is due to the lack of knowledge and support. The information is abundant but it is not compiled in a single digital site, where any- one can find it. Companies will continue to invest in technology to support the shift towards remote work and automation, but that is no longer enough. One of the most relevant findings when talking to various stakeholders, has been to understand that in the collective imagination of entrepreneurs, there are misconceptions about what DT means. It is common that this concept is framed in a series of myths that confuse and are transferred from voice to voice, creating a panorama of misinformation. That is why, I took on the challenge of creating a digital strategy that brings together in one place the dimensions that are part of the DT. The objective is to demystify the preconceived ideas of entrepreneurs so they can understand that their perception of digital reality has been created under ideas that do not correspond to the truth. Therefore, to achieve this change of mentality, a common and direct language will be used in order to make people feel identified with their false ideas about the concept and as a result, they will experience a desire to explore further. Resumen: Colombia es un país cuya economía está en gran medida impulsada por empresas pymes, pero con el avance de la tecnología, su producción y crecimiento se están estancando. Solo las empresas que han comprendido la importancia de la innovación y han aplicado tecnologías enmarcadas en la TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL están progresando. Una de las razones más críticas por las cuales estas empresas aún no han comenzado a pasar por este cambio de ideología se debe a la falta de conocimiento y apoyo. La información es abundante, pero no está recopilada en un solo espacio digital, donde cualquiera pueda encontrarla. Las empresas continúan invirtiendo en tecnología para respaldar el cambio hacia el trabajo remoto y la automatización, pero eso ya no es suficiente. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes al hablar con diversos interesados ha sido comprender que en la imaginación colectiva de los empresarios, hay conceptos erróneos sobre lo que significa la Transformación Digital. Es común que este concepto se enmarque en una serie de mitos que confunden y se transmiten voz a voz, creando un panorama de desinformación. Por eso, asumí el desafío de crear una estrategia digital que reúna en un solo lugar las dimensiones que forman parte de la TD. El objetivo es desmitificar las ideas preconcebidas de los empresarios para que puedan entender que su percepción de la realidad digital se ha creado bajo ideas que no corresponden a la verdad. Por lo tanto, para lograr este cambio de mentalidad, se utilizará un lenguaje común y directo con el fin de que las personas se sientan identificadas con sus ideas falsas sobre el concepto y, como resultado, experimenten el deseo de explorar más a fondo. Dentro de esta estrategia y como artefacto final, desarrollé un sitio web llamado ""Mitos Digitales"", los empresarios podrán comprender el concepto, sus componentes, beneficios, la tecnología más usada, historias de éxito y una recopilación de mitos desarticulados. Finalmente, podrán encontrar algunos recursos en términos de formación y ayuda financiera que el gobierno y las organizaciones privadas en Colombia están proporcionando para apoyar y fortalecer el crecimiento y desarrollo tecnológico de las pymes.

Abstract: Bogotá Social Backbone proposes the development of a backbone of social infrastructure for the most needed people in Bogota, those who usually do not have access to the professional services of an architect. I selected three ""free"", abandoned, and problematic spaces along the Caracas Avenue in Bogotá, and three clients who inhabit them; a drug addict who was displaced from El Bronx, a prostitute from Santafé neighborhood and a recycler from Caracas 59. Social architecture is proposed with the objective of being a platform for these people to reintegrate into society with dignity, providing minimal housing, as well as places for training and for the development of a life project. Resumen: Bogotá Social Backbone propone el desarrollo de una columna vertebral de infraestructura social para las personas más necesitadas de Bogotá, aquellas que normalmente no tienen acceso a los servicios profesionales de un arquitecto. Seleccioné tres espacios ""libres"", abandonados y problemáticos a lo largo de la Avenida Caracas en Bogotá y tres clientes que los habitan; un drogadicto desplazado de El Bronx, una prostituta del barrio Santafé y un reciclador de la Caracas con 59. La arquitectura social se propone con el objetivo de ser una plataforma para que estas personas se reintegren dignamente a la sociedad, proporcionándoles una vivienda mínima, así como lugares para la formación y para el desarrollo de un proyecto de vida.

Resumen: En este trabajo de fin de máster, se utiliza el edificio Lake Shore Drive Apartments de Mies Van der Rohe como punto de partida para desarrollar un proyecto básico y de ejecución de un edificio de 208 viviendas con garajes y trasteros el cual cumpla con las especificaciones del Código Técnico de la Edificación. Se aplican los conocimientos adquiridos durante el máster en Construcción y Tecnología Arquitectónicas para explorar sistemas estructurales más eficientes y lograr que el edificio sea sostenible, con un consumo de energía casi nulo. Esto se logra a través del acondicionamiento pasivo de su envolvente, así como de la implementación de las instalaciones necesarias para el correcto funcionamiento de la edificación. Además, se implementan sistemas que garanticen su comportamiento frente al fuego. De igual manera, se elabora un presupuesto que permita conocer la viabilidad de la construcción, así como su mantenimiento durante su ciclo de vida.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the combustion behaviour of coal and biomass blends using a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. The blends were prepared with a traditionally used biomass fuel (i.e. wood) and selected rich in alkali-metals biomass fuels (i.e. wheat straw and spent coffee grounds (SCG)) to investigate the potential of SCG as a fuel and the effect of ilmenite on agglomeration tendency when used as an additive and alternative bed material. To elucidate the interaction between the fuels in the blends and the effect of ash composition, thermogravimetric and ash fusibility studies were performed looking at both the parent fuels and blends. Initially, thermogravimetric studies focused on understanding the thermal decomposition of coal blended with by-products (spent coffee ground (SCG), and coffee husk (CH)) of coffee crop. Blends with wood were included for comparison purpose. The blends were prepared by blending coal with biomass at 10, 30 and 50 wt%. The experiments were performed under inert and oxidising conditions to elucidate the thermal behaviour and fuel interactions. The results showed that the inclusion of either spent coffee grounds or coffee husk in coal combustion can enhance the combustion performance. Indeed, the blends with spent coffee grounds were found to be more reactive than those with coffee husk and with similar characteristics to the blends with wood. It was attributed to the existence of synergistic effects. These results offer compelling evidence of the potential of by-products from the coffee crop, especially spent coffee grounds for energetic applications. The study of ash fusibility characteristics investigated the ash fusibility temperatures under oxidising conditions of coal ash blended with ash from spent coffee grounds. Blends with wheat straw ash were included for comparison purpose. Particular attention was paid to the blending ratio effect on ash fusibility temperatures. The results showed that SCG is an interesting fuel in co-processing due to the low ash content and high ash fusibility temperatures when blended with coal. The high ash fusibility temperatures of the blends were attributed to the high content of CaO, MgO, and P2O5 in SCG with negligible content of SiO2 and Cl, complementing the high content of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in coal. Evidence from this study suggests that the high ash fusion temperatures in the blends of coal with spent coffee grounds can reduce the common operational issues related to biomass ash such as agglomeration. This can also provide confidence for large scale thermochemical conversion systems fuelled by such kind of coal and biomass blends to be able to maintain long-term stable operation. The final part of this research focused on co-combustion experiments in a pilot-scale BFB aiming to investigate the potential of SCG as a fuel, and ilmenite as an additive and alternative bed material. For comparison purpose blends of coal with wheat straw and wood pellets were also combusted in the same BFB reactor under similar combustion conditions. Similarly, kaolin and bauxite, and silica sand were compared to ilmenite when used as an additive and alternative bed material, respectively. The inclusion of biomass in coal combustion showed marked differences in the temperature profiles, gas emissions, and combustion performance. The results showed that coal and SCG blends can be combusted for energy applications with improved combustion efficiency compared to wheat straw and wood commercial pellets. Nevertheless, high N content in SCG represents a challenge in terms of NOx emissions that should be addressed.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical Compounds (PCs), are synthetic substances intensively consumed by humans and continuously released into the urban wastewater. Often, the removal of PCs from wastewater is found to be insufficient, or even absent if population is not connected to the sewage system and wastewater is directly emitted into the environment. In the last decades, the PCs have aroused special attention because they have been found in surface water at concentrations that can cause negative effects on the aquatic biota and environment. Studies employing PCs monitoring and modelling techniques on surface waters have been mainly conducted in developed countries, while studies in developing countries are still scarce. Attempting to fill this gap, this work focused specifically in Colombia, where the occurrence of PCs has not been thoroughly studied and monitoring plans are barely done due to high costs. This work employed the Exposure to Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (ePiE), a spatially distributed model only implemented and used in Europe, to predict concentrations of PCs in rivers and lakes by considering their consumption, fate and transport. So, it aimed to create a new ePiE model network taking as a case of study the prediction of Naproxen and Paracetamol in the Upper Catchment of the Cauca River, Colombia, an area with a different socio-economic and climatic conditions with respect to the European continent. The methodological approach included: a) data collection on PCs’ consumption, physicochemical properties and removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs); b) consolidation of geodata of the study area such as hydrology, hydrography, urban agglomeration and WWTPs location; c) model building by using the open-source software environment R; d) analysis of the model sensitivity to input parameters; e) model validation. The results showed that all concentration predictions deviate within a range of only one order of magnitude from measurements which is a remarkable result when dealing with such high uncertainties. In terms of magnitude prediction, for the worst-case scenario, Naproxen and Paracetamol were found to exceed the environmental standards thresholds in 9% and 1% of the model river network nodes respectively. Overall, this research aimed to assess the applicability of the ePiE model in estimating the presence of PCs in a subregion of Colombia, demonstrating that it is feasible to expand ePiE to other areas and giving insights about the spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals substances so hotspots can be identified and several scenarios can be built in future works.

Returning to the original vocation of the philosophical task and to that defined by the phenomenology of Husserl, we propose to renew the approach towards the experience of falsehood starting from the Greco-Roman to restore a structure to thought and life based on the consideration of a series of «spiritual exercises» and Husserlian phenomenology to go « back to the 'things themselves». This philosophical-phenomenological project seeks to make us understand that in the face of falsehood, a rigorous thought, devoid of prejudices, can be envisaged by suggesting a tension towards a style of «philosophical life», which is consistent with our relationship to others and in our way of life, that is, from an ethical-phenomenological tension capable of placing the body as a psychoanalytic object par excellence according to Sartre’s assertion. Resumen: Retomando la idea de Husserl de ver la filosofía como una vocación de ver las cosas como ""ellas mismas son"", el trabajo de tesis se propone replantear el concepto de ""mentira"" y brindar un acercamiento filosófico a la experiencia de la mentira a partir de la época grecorromana y hasta nuestra época para ofrecer una estructura novedosa al planteamiento del tema y a la vivencia de la mentira basada en la consideración de la puesta en práctica de una serie de « ejercicios espirituales» y de fenomenología husserliana para volver « a las ""cosas mismas"", ofreciendo una alternativa de pensamiento dirigida hacia un estilo de «vida filosófica», que sea coherente con nuestra relación con los demás y con nuestro modo de vida, es decir, desde una tensión ético-fenomenológica capaz de situar al cuerpo como objeto psicoanalítico por excelencia según la afirmación de Sartre.

Abstract: In this research I study, through the scope of Haesbaert’s (2011) des-re-territorialization theory, the reincorporation of former guerrilla FARC members in the Nasa indigenous territory of Caldono. My main objective is to analyze the FARC’s reterritorialization strategy in the Nasa indigenous territory. To this end, I first seek to understand the economic, political and cultural aspects of the territoriality processes of three main actors present in the Territorial Space for Capacitation and Reincorporation (ETCR) and its surroundings: the Nasa indigenous people, the former FARC fighters, and the Colombian State. From the standpoint of an intercultural perspective, I analyze the different present and past exchanges, dialogues, and encounters between these actors to determine if exists a superposition of territorialities and if so, where the possible points of encounter and dis-encounter between take place. Thence, my research seeks to determine the elements that make Caldono a successful case and a point of reference for other processes of reterritorialization in the country. Through multiple research methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, surveys, and social cartography, this research finds that there is great continuity in the encounters between indigenous and FARC territorialities in the everyday spaces and also in those associated with the processes of the indigenous authorities. However, the research unveils also some dis-encounters, namely around the territorial strategy of the cooperative Coomeep, presented as a supra-organism that seeks to participate in the territory’s public and private life. The dis-encounters have to do with two main points: i) economically, with the hyperintensive and monoculture nature of the productive projects proposed by the FARC; and ii) politically, with the fact that during the municipal elections of 2018 the FARC party did not maintain its alliance with the MAIS party. The research reveals that the disencounters between the State and the other two actors’ territorialities find roots in the State’s conception of territorial security and control, which are based on the militarization of the territory and on the historical debt the State has with the indigenous reserves of recognizing them legally as territorial entities. In conclusion, the thesis points out that despite the inconsistencies between the different constructions of territoriality, the territorial institutionalism of Caldono’s indigenous authorities and the attitudes and practices of the former FARC members have allowed for the establishment of a peace infrastructure under which the three actors considered, each one with heterogeneous interests, can come together and reach consensus to build new spaces that lead to territorial harmony and peace. Resumen: En esta investigación estudio la reincorporación de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP en el territorio indígena Nasa de Caldono a la luz de la teoría de la des-re-territorialización propuesta por Haesbaert (2011). Mi objetivo principal es analizar la estrategia de reterritorialización en territorio indígena propuesta por los excombatientes de las FARC-EP. Para esto, busco comprender primero la territorialidad en términos económicos, políticos y culturales de tres de los principales actores presentes en las inmediaciones y dentro del Espacio Territorial de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR): el pueblo indígena Nasa, los excombatientes de las FARC-EP y el Estado colombiano. Luego, partiendo de una perspectiva intercultural, analizo los diferentes intercambios, diálogos y encuentros que se dan y se han dado entre estos tres actores para determinar si existe una superposición de territorialidades y percibir dónde están los posibles puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre estas. Con esto, mi investigación busca determinar cuáles pueden ser los elementos que hacen de Caldono un caso exitoso y un punto de referencia para otros procesos de reterritorialización en el país. Por medio de varias herramientas de investigación como la observación participante, entrevistas semi-estructuradas, encuestas y cartografía social, esta investigación encuentra que hay una gran fluidez en los encuentros entre territorialidades indígenas y farianas en los espacios cotidianos y aquellos asociados a los procesos de las autoridades indígenas, pero que existen desencuentros alrededor de la estrategia territorial de la cooperativa Coomeep, esta última presentada como un supraorganismo que busca participar en la vida privada y pública del territorio. En el dominio productivo, los desencuentros tienen que ver sobre todo con la naturaleza hiperintensiva y de monocultivo de los proyectos productivos propuestos por las FARC y, en el dominio político, con el hecho de que, durante las elecciones municipales de 2018, el partido FARC no mantuvo su alianza con el partido del MAIS de presentar un candidato en conjunto. Los desencuentros con el Estado tienen que ver con su concepción de seguridad y control territorial basada en la militarización del territorio y con la deuda histórica en relación al reconocimiento legal de los resguardos indígenas como entidades territoriales. En conclusión, este trabajo resalta que, a pesar de estos desencuentros, la institucionalidad territorial de las autoridades indígenas de Caldono y las prácticas y actitudes de los exguerrilleros de las FARC-EP han permitido que se establezca una infraestructura para la paz bajo la cual los diferentes actores considerados, cada uno con intereses heterogéneos, se pueden encontrar y llegar a consensos para construir espacios nuevos que lleven a una verdadera convivencia y paz territorial.

"Estos casi no son poemas de amor. Son poemas de mi amor. De un amor, quiero decir. Y son también de mi deseo. Así ¿a quién más que a mi novio, o a aquellos amigos cercanos que me quieren, o a mí, podrían interesar? Temo que para otros podrían resultar muy aburridos. Es probable. Porque Fray Luis comentó algo acerca de un pasaje del libro que Salomón le hizo a su amada: si alguien ve de lejos, sin oír la música que los anima, a una pareja que baila, así, sordo, solo verá un par de monigotes moverse como idiotas. Y es cierto. Pero fray Luis también creía que justamente por eso valen, y son bellos, los escritos sobre amores. Porque a veces evocan esa música; la que los dos danzaron. Acaso, a pesar de mi torpeza, haya sido yo capaz de hacer sonar algo de ella en estas líneas. Ojalá así sea". -          Fernando Molano Vargas, en 1997 "Todas mis cosas en tus bolsillos es un conjunto de vestigios e invocaciones del amor a un ausente, y están escritos al filo de la propia ausencia; es un collar de poemas de muerte, como lo son todos los poemas de 'un amor'". -          Del prólogo escrito por Carolina Sanín

Este libro es una compilación de literatura coreana contemporánea que comprende cuentos y poemas; varios temas recorren estos escritos, lo que refleja la diversidad de la literatura coreana actual: el desarraigo, la confusión existencial, la incomunicación entre las parejas y la sensación de que se asiste a una nueva época.