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Imagen de apoyo de  Estimation of electric energy demand using 3D city models = Modelos 3D de ciudades como herramienta para la estimación de la demanda energética

Estimation of electric energy demand using 3D city models = Modelos 3D de ciudades como herramienta para la estimación de la demanda energética

Por: Camilo Alexander León Sánchez | Fecha: 2013

In this master thesis, a methodology for the estimation of electrical energy demand of buildings using a 3D city model is presented. The idea of include that kind of data lies in the fact that nowadays those models are rich of geometric and semantical data, which could be useful in energy demand forecasting. The first part of the document introduces the basic concepts of the Geographic Information Systems, the CityGML standard and the Web Map Services. As well as the introduction of basic concepts of energy and the presentation of several methods for the estimation of electrical energy demand. After the presentation of the different methodologies, the selection of the End-Use method is done, which is the one that better suits the scope of this master thesis. After the selection of the method to use, a better presentation of its characteristics is done. Later the comprehensive tools for processing CityGML files are presented, giving a description of their characteristics and why are they considered. After this chapter the problem statement of the master thesis is done. In the following chapter the methodology for the estimation of electrical energy demand is done, first from a theoretical perspective being detailed in every single step of the process at the end the chapter is concluded by the presentation of the work-flow diagram that better states the ideas presented. After this chapter the results of an area of study used in the implementation part of the master thesis are shown, in this section the methodology is evaluated and some adjustments to the initial idea are done. The final chapter of this document is dedicated to the conclusions and the presentation of further researches that could take place after.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Estimation of electric energy demand using 3D city models = Modelos 3D de ciudades como herramienta para la estimación de la demanda energética

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Imagen de apoyo de  Environmental policy integration in Colombia’s large-scale mining sector. Does the idea of an environmentally responsible mining proposed by Colombia’s National Development Plan lead to environmental policy integration?

Environmental policy integration in Colombia’s large-scale mining sector. Does the idea of an environmentally responsible mining proposed by Colombia’s National Development Plan lead to environmental policy integration?

Por: Santiago Briceño Flórez | Fecha: 2013

On the basis of Colombia´s National Development Plan – NDP (2010-2014), this paper assesses whether the idea of an environmentally responsible mining is leading to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) in Colombia’s Large-scale mining sector. From a political ecology perspective, the literature review discusses the concept of responsibility in the context of environmental governance. Beyond the EU and OECD jurisdictions, this represents a useful theoretical approach to consider EPI as a principle, its institutional features and the main challenges to enable policy learning between different stakeholders. Complemented with primary and secondary data, the proposed assessment is performed. Conclusions and policy implications suggest that Colombia´s NDP represents a valuable platform setting the main institutional factors for EPI, despite the existence of major barriers impeding to advance in a long and challenging policy-learning process.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencias sociales

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Environmental policy integration in Colombia’s large-scale mining sector. Does the idea of an environmentally responsible mining proposed by Colombia’s National Development Plan lead to environmental policy integration?

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Imagen de apoyo de  Effects of higher portions of variable renewable energy in electricity power systems = Efectos en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia con el incremento de energías renovables variables o intermitentes

Effects of higher portions of variable renewable energy in electricity power systems = Efectos en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia con el incremento de energías renovables variables o intermitentes

Por: Andrés Mauricio Ríos Echeverry | Fecha: 2014

Worldwide electricity power systems are evolving from conventional/dispatchable sources to environmental friendly but Not-dispatchable renewable energy (RE) sources. This has effects on the dynamic of the system and on conventional and RE generators, electricity quality and energy cost. This research identifies the main effects of higher portions of Non-dispatchable RE based on a reference case. An MATLAB/EXCEL “ad-hoc” model has been developed. It simulates the Unit Commitment (UC) and Economic Dispatch (ED) with 10 conventional generators and one zero fuel cost RE generator (Non-dispatchable RE as “study-case” and Dispatchable RE “reference-case”). Results indicated that higher portions of Non-dispatchable RE had a swapping effect where base load units were displaced. Consequently, the system ran at lower cost-efficient point, the number of Start-ups and RE curtailment increased compared to the reference case. Furthermore, conventional generators running cost and system running cost followed the variable pattern of the Non-dispatchable RE source. Meanwhile, these costs were linked to the demand in the reference case. Ultimately, higher portions of Non-dispatchable RE made the system underperform compared to the reference case. Therefore, this incentive technology that lessen unwanted effects. Future studies shall focus on increasing the number of units and complexity of the system by using more powerful software.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería

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Effects of higher portions of variable renewable energy in electricity power systems = Efectos en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia con el incremento de energías renovables variables o intermitentes

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Imagen de apoyo de  Long-term Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers on the Rural Youth: Evidence from Mexico’s Oportunidades program

Long-term Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers on the Rural Youth: Evidence from Mexico’s Oportunidades program

Por: Irene Clavijo Muñoz | Fecha: 2012

Despite ample evidence about the short-term impacts of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs on education and health outcomes, little is known about their long-term effects. This paper evaluates the longer-run impacts (after nearly 10 years) of Mexico’s renowned CCT program Oportunidades, on the rural youth. In particular, it examines the effects of differential exposure to the program (of 1.5 additional years) on education and employment outcomes as well as adult life-style decisions (marriage and migration). The results do not show strong evidence of significant long-term impacts on education (except for the elder youth). There is some of evidence that early exposure to Oportunidades is associated with a higher probability of engaging in certain types of jobs. However, there is no indication of a shift away from agricultural activities. Finally, there is some evidence suggesting that longer exposure to the program may cause women to delay marriage. This effect could enhance women’s possibilities of participating in the labor market (through a reduction or postponement of the domestic workload.) However, finding no significant impact on earnings or probability of employment may imply that in these poor rural communities additional human capital accumulation may not suffice to improve the productive lives of these young adults in the long-run.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Long-term Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers on the Rural Youth: Evidence from Mexico’s Oportunidades program

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Imagen de apoyo de  Evaluation of Activated Carbon for Treating Heavy Metals in Aquaculture

Evaluation of Activated Carbon for Treating Heavy Metals in Aquaculture

Por: William Camargo Navarro | Fecha: 1995

Aquaculture operations over the years have suffered a dramatic change because of the increasing levels of industrial and agricultural contaminants in the aquatic environment. Several methods have been studied to reduce the negative contribution of contaminated effluents in the ecosystem. The method studied in this research was the use of activated carbon sorption as a feasible method to reduce the influent and effluent load of heavy metals and other harmful pollutants present mainly in fresh water aquaculture installations. The sorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Pb, and phenol-based compounds was evaluated using batch adsorption isotherms and breakthrough experiments in packed GAC vertical columns. Both experimental facets are commonly used as scaling up techniques in the waste water treatment technology. Adsorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and phenol occurred at different rates for each toxic contaminant, with Cd being the most readily adsorbed pollutant. The analytical determination of nickel and mercury presented some difficulties, possibly due to the analytical procedures followed. Analysis of the breakthrough curves for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and phenol, after the samples were passed through the columns showed that the concentration of all contaminants was reduced to a minimum value. These results support similar conclusions mentioned by several authors in the literature. The results of this research proved that activated carbon technology can be applied in aquaculture; its use however will be limited because of the high costs involved in design and development, particularly in large scale aquaculture practices.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Agricultura

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Evaluation of Activated Carbon for Treating Heavy Metals in Aquaculture

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Imagen de apoyo de  The American Dream’s Sojourn in Latin America: the dynamics of irregular and mixed migration flows through Ecuador and Colombia = La suspensión del sueño americano en Latinoamerica: las dinámicas de los flujos migratorios irregulares y mixtos

The American Dream’s Sojourn in Latin America: the dynamics of irregular and mixed migration flows through Ecuador and Colombia = La suspensión del sueño americano en Latinoamerica: las dinámicas de los flujos migratorios irregulares y mixtos

Por: Ursula Bianca Wagner | Fecha: 2011

Scholars generally agree that irregular migration is the direct consequence of the restrictionist and containment policies that have been used by states to keep immigrants outside their borders. This creates a dynamic that has three significant parts. First, restrictive border policies and practices drive refugees, asylum-seekers, and other migrants to resort to the use of irregular migration in order to reach their destinations. Second, the use of this type of migration, in particular the use of human smugglers, criminalizes and de-legitimizes refugees and asylum-seekers, and consequently third, this continues to legitimize states’ restrictionist practices. This dissertation argues that the dynamic described above is either 1) facilitated by media discourses and constructed to portray irregular migrants as a social and economic threat or 2) challenged by media discourses portraying irregular migrants as helpless victims. This dissertation explains the above-mentioned dynamics by examining the cases of Colombia and Ecuador and by providing a critical discourse analysis of written media in both countries.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The American Dream’s Sojourn in Latin America: the dynamics of irregular and mixed migration flows through Ecuador and Colombia = La suspensión del sueño americano en Latinoamerica: las dinámicas de los flujos migratorios irregulares y mixtos

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Imagen de apoyo de  Attitudes towards body size and physical appearance among Colombian and American college students:A Multi-cultural Study = Actitudes hacia el tamaño del cuerpo y apariencia fisica en estudiantes universitarios Colombianos y Americanos: Un Estudio Multi-C

Attitudes towards body size and physical appearance among Colombian and American college students:A Multi-cultural Study = Actitudes hacia el tamaño del cuerpo y apariencia fisica en estudiantes universitarios Colombianos y Americanos: Un Estudio Multi-C

Por: Natalia Rojas Segura | Fecha: 2009

The current study analyzed attitudes towards size and physical appearance among four hundred and seventy Colombian and two hundred and ten American college students. The effects of gender and culture (and their interaction) on thin ideal internalization, sociocultural pressure to be thin, and body image dissatisfaction were examined in the sample.  Results from the study showed that there are differences between gender and country: Colombian students perceived themselves as having a better body image overall compared to American students; females from both countries had a lower body image satisfaction compared to males. Surprisingly, males from both countries worry about their physical size and appearance. Implications for future research include validating instruments especially for a Colombian population, as well as continuing to include males in studies related to body image and eating disorders because it was found that they were also unsatisfied with their overall body image. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Medicina

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Attitudes towards body size and physical appearance among Colombian and American college students:A Multi-cultural Study = Actitudes hacia el tamaño del cuerpo y apariencia fisica en estudiantes universitarios Colombianos y Americanos: Un Estudio Multi-C

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Play Methodologies = Metodologías del Juego: The Back Story

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Imagen de apoyo de  Play Methodologies = Metodologías del Juego

Play Methodologies = Metodologías del Juego

Por: Sebastian Trujillo Torres | Fecha: 2017

This project starts with a lari. A street cart, very common in many urban contexts of India. This project begins by proposing alternatives to appropriate public spaces and offer resources to confront scarcity (while harnessing frugality). Is a proposal for moving markets; changing spaces we could dare to call moving homes. This is a project of essential, minimum design, frugal prototyping and collaborative explorations. A project of learning and sharing that, almost coincidentally, results in enquiries of architectural theory. A proposition of methodologies based on the essential action of play; of participating, negotiating and, ultimately, changing the world with small, collective gestures. A ponder into issues of knowledge production in the global south, in parallel to a political initiative of decolonizing: decolonizing the mind by structuring our own methods of thought, capitalising on our capabilities and rearranging our priorities as spatial agents. This is an inquest into the technology of jugaad -an attitude of frugal improvisation and innovation widely used in India- which accounts for great possibilities of use in the field of design, of spatial practice. A reconsideration of reutilizing those existing thought+material processes, within our field of practice. A gap in that field, in which we can play.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Arquitectura

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Play Methodologies = Metodologías del Juego

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Imagen de apoyo de  Dinámica temporal y espacial de una comunidad de aves neotropicales en un gradiente altitudinal de la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, vertiente Caribe

Dinámica temporal y espacial de una comunidad de aves neotropicales en un gradiente altitudinal de la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, vertiente Caribe

Por: Camilo Loaiza Gómez | Fecha: 2013

Para evaluar la dinámica temporal y espacial de la comunidad de aves del transecto Volcán Barva - La Selva, Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, se estimó la riqueza de aves por estrato (la altura en metros en la cual está ubicada la parcela de muestreo) y total, teniendo en cuenta y excluyendo a las especies migratorias latitudinales. Se comparó la riqueza de aves de los años 2005 y 2008 y se calculó la probabilidad de detección para cada año, probabilidad de extinción local y tasa de colonización de especies de aves. Para evaluar la estructura espacial se compararon los estratos más distanciados del transecto muestreado (100 m y 500 m) y se calcularon la riqueza de especies de cada estrato, probabilidad de que especies que viven en los 500 m ocurran en los 100 m, probabilidad de que especies que viven en los 100 m ocurran en 500 m y probabilidad de detección para cada estrato. La mayor riqueza ocurre en la parcela de los 500 metros. Por otro lado, la estructura de la comunidad permaneció estable entre los años 2005 y 2008 ya que se da una compensación por extinciones y colonizaciones locales. Para analizar la dinámica poblacional de 38 especies en decline, se modeló y seleccionó siete de estas por ser las de mayor detectabilidad y estar relacionadas con la insectivoría del sotobosque. Se estimó un índice de abundancia para los años 2005, 2006, 2007 y 2008, tasa de reclutamiento, probabilidad de sobrevivencia aparente y probabilidad de detección.Se concluye que las siete especies de insectívoras del sotobosque evaluadas presentan tendencia hacia el incremento de su abundancia entre los años 2005 y 2008, aunque se debe tener en cuenta que cuatro años pueden hacer parte de un período de fluctuaciones naturales de estas especies.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Dinámica temporal y espacial de una comunidad de aves neotropicales en un gradiente altitudinal de la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, vertiente Caribe

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