Informe de la sesión de la Comisión Quinta del día 12 de febrero de 1991
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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Informe de la sesión de la Comisión Quinta del día 12 de febrero de 1991
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Análisis de la gestión de riesgos en la contratación del Programa de Alimentación Escolar en La Guajira (2015-2017)
The School Feeding Program (PAE) is a state food supplement strategy that has been implemented since 1968. The main purpose of this strategy is to substantially reduce dropout rates and improve the academic development levels of children and adolescents in the education system in Colombia. The (PAE) in the department of La Guajira has been covered by a stormy and growing a mantle of doubts during the last years, this, as a result of sounded cases of corruption and misappropriation of funds, reason why the capacity of the same for salve the problems of desertion and in particular, the malnutrition suffered by children in this part of the country, especially those belonging to indigenous communities, are very limited and ineffective. One of the tools used as a mechanisrn to offer plausible and viable solutions to this problem is the systcmic analysis of risks associated with the contractual stages of the PAE in the department.
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Universidad Externado de Colombia
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Análisis de la gestión de riesgos en la contratación del Programa de Alimentación Escolar en La Guajira (2015-2017)
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Persistencia de la concentración de riesgos en la ARL Positiva. Estudio de caso
In Colombia, the General System of Occupational Risks shows problems related to adverse risk selection. This phenomenon represents a market failure that threatens the financial sustainability of some Labor Risk Administrators - ARLs, which are forced to insure workers characterized by low income levels (expressed in Contribution Base Income - IBC) and high accident rates. Aware of this situation, the National Government between 2014 and 2015 implemented the monetary compensation mechanism, which sought to correct this failure, which affects since its inception the occupational risk insurance. To analyze this phenomenon and assess whether the monetary compensation mechanism and other controls implemented by the National Government were and are effective, the ARL was selected as a case study, which at the cut of December 2015 concentrated the highest number of sharpeners to the branch of occupational hazards with the characteristics described above. The concentration of affiliates and companies for each ARL, by economic sector and by level of risk was analyzed. In the end, it was determined that there is still a concentration of this type of insured population (under IBC and high accident rate) in the public insurer Positiva; while private insurers have large companies and affiliates with higher levels of income. It is concluded in this way that there are not yet enough mechanisms by the State that discourage adverse risk selection and, consequently, the ‘bad’ risks continue to be concentrated in the public ARL Positiva.
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Universidad Externado de Colombia
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Persistencia de la concentración de riesgos en la ARL Positiva. Estudio de caso
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Responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado frente a los acreedores en casos de no intervención oportuna y previa a la liquidación de las entidades promotoras de salud E.P.S.
El presente estudio de investigación titulado: Responsabilidad Patrimonial del Estado frente a los acreedores en caso de no intervención oportuna y previa a la liquidación de las Entidades promotoras de salud EPS, es una investigación dirigida a identificar los presupuestos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta por el Juez Administrativo para declarar patrimonialmente responsable al Estado, en aquellos casos en que se omitan o se realicen de manera tardía o parcial las acciones que posibiliten intervenir oportunamente a las Entidades Promotoras de Salud por parte de la Superintendencia Nacional. La investigación logró concluir que sí es posible configurar la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado respecto a las claras omisiones por parte de la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud, lo que en consecuencia obliga o responsabiliza al Estado respecto al pago o resarcimiento de los acreedores de dichas acreencias; por todo lo anterior la presente investigación puede servir de documento guía. para aquellas Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de salud con carteras elevadas pendientes de pago por parte de las EPS liquidadas. las cuales no cuentan con solvencia suficiente para sufragar dichas obligaciones monetarias.
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Universidad Externado de Colombia
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Responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado frente a los acreedores en casos de no intervención oportuna y previa a la liquidación de las entidades promotoras de salud E.P.S.
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Eutanasia en Colombia : una historia entre tensiones y derechos
A través de los relevos generacionales se comienza a dar una visión nueva del derecho a la vida como derecho universal, inviolable e irremplazable, pero que a su vez se refuerza la ideología de la prolongación de otros derechos después de esta.
Una muerte digna, sin dolor, sin sufrimientos de pacientes con enfermedades terminales e incurables, que trae consigo padecimientos, dolencias, afectaciones psicosociales que impiden el goce pleno de los derechos fundamentales y alcanzar un estado de bienestar conforme a la verdadera finalidad de el ser humano.
Se ha iniciado una nueva era con miras al respeto de derechos fundamentales más allá de la vida, en los que se respeta de manera individual las decisiones propias del ser humano, la libertad y autodeterminación, creando asi lineamientos enfocados en la preocupación más allá de la existencia, con miras a brindar una alternativa diferente a quienes fueren en circunstancias específicas, convirtiéndose entonces la eutanasia en una medida de liberación del alma en medio del sufrimiento.
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Universidad Externado de Colombia
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Eutanasia en Colombia : una historia entre tensiones y derechos
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MIXING LEARNING, CULTURE AND USER INTERFACES: IS THERE A RECIPE FOR THAT? A cross-cultural design proposal
The aim of this work is to propose an effective design strategy to deliver complex information to a multicultural audience. Following this notion, this project attempts to recognise how the principles of interface design and learning could be applied in cross-cultural communication.
To carry out this proposal, an e-learning course aimed at international students was developed. E-learning was chosen as an ideal starting point to perform an interface analysis, as through learning effectiveness is possible to assess efficacy in communication, giving a chance to evaluate an interface design under specific parameters.
To propose a method that could address this goal, it became clear that the application of a multidisciplinary approach was crucial. Therefore, the proposed design strategy seeks to find the links between interface design heuristics, learning principles and cultural factors analysing a group of 349 international students from five different nationalities registered at the Bauhaus University of Weimar (Winter Semester 2015/16).
Using the design strategy detailed in this document, an interface for an e-learning course was developed and, it will be implemented in the context of a pilot test during the Summer Semester 2017.
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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MIXING LEARNING, CULTURE AND USER INTERFACES: IS THERE A RECIPE FOR THAT? A cross-cultural design proposal
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Use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in Low Density Polyethylene Plant (LDPE) = Uso de Ciclo Organico Rankine (ORC) en una planta de Polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE)
Climate change, environmental legislation and binding targets for renewable energy, alongside an increased focus on the economic benefits of energy and fuel conservation, are driving the adoption of new technologies as sources of energy. With these dynamics, it is evident that waste heat recovery technologies can play a key role in reducing in reducing indirectly the CO2 footprint of existing fossil power generation and achievement of renewable energy targets. Since the recovered heat is effectively ‘free of charge’, there is a direct positive impact on the energy costs to the end user.
This project aims to implement a Organic Rankine Cycle system in a Petrochemical plant, in this case a Low density Polyethylene Plant because is generated hug quantities of heat waste in the polymerization reaction during 8000 hours/year. Also is evaluated the Technical and economical advantages in order to check the feasibility of the implementation of Organic Rankine Cycle System in a Petrochemical Plant. The impact of this Project could give a good guide of the feasibility of the implement ORC system in Industrial process, because the most projects launched with this Technology have been usually used in Geothermal Applications.
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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Use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in Low Density Polyethylene Plant (LDPE) = Uso de Ciclo Organico Rankine (ORC) en una planta de Polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE)
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The ‘right to regulate’ in international investment law: Colombia’s international investment agreements’ practice and perspective
Abstract:
Since the late 90s Colombia decided to actively ratify Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT´s) in order to strengthen its treaty network and promote the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment. At the international level arbitral tribunals deciding Investor-State disputes under such Agreements have produced decisions severely affecting the financial stability of host States.
As a result, some have decided to denounce such instruments or to implement changes in their wording and scope to safeguard their “right to regulate”. Some cases have been brought under the argument of host States producing and enforcing regulatory expropriation measures in some cases related to tax, environmental and public health matters.
Resumen:
Desde finales de los años noventas Colombia inició de forma activa la ratificación de los denominados Acuerdos para la Promoción y Protección de Inversiones (APPRI´s) a fin de fortalecer su red de tratados y brindar seguridad jurídica a inversionistas extranjeros interesados en desarrollar proyectos en el país.
A nivel internacional los casos decididos por tribunales de arbitramento Inversionista-Estado a la luz de dichos Acuerdos han acarreado consecuencias cada vez más onerosas para los Estados condenados por su violación, a tal punto que muchos están denunciándolos o realizando modificaciones de fondo a sus textos a fin de salvaguardar su capacidad regulatoria.
Gran parte estos casos han tenido como fundamento la violación del estándar de “expropiación” a través de la implementación, por parte del Estado receptor de la inversión, de medidas relacionadas con la imposición y cobro de tributos, medidas sobre el medio ambiente y asuntos de salud pública.
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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The ‘right to regulate’ in international investment law: Colombia’s international investment agreements’ practice and perspective
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Housing for immigrants. A Settlement for Co-existence of Communities, Case study in Ibarra, Ecuador
During the last decade massive immigration of people, regardless of its reason has been a new challenge for many countries around the world. People leave their homes in pursuit of safety and protection but in many cases they fail and not only do not find a new home but also unintentionally/intentionally affect the quality of the hosting country and jeopardize its vitality.
On the one hand immediate (short term) effects of immigration need to be considered in order to define the structure of the emerging community and also its interaction with the existing one (hosting country). On the other hand, since there is no clear prediction for life expectancy of these communities, in long term what is left of these transitions can be very decisive for the future of the existing community.
According to the United Nations refugee commission ACNUR, Latin America and the Caribbean is the third region most affected due to migration issues with 3.99 million compared with the rest Africa 13.5, Asia 20, Europe 2.6. Inside the region Colombia is the country with the highest number of people that have been displaced, and Ecuador as the host country with the biggest refugee population.
Colombian farmers leave their homes in the countryside to live in the suburbs of big cities. The forced change of residence transforms the idea of own self and about the space occupied, their physical location in the place of arrival shows the precarious conditions surrounding them, lying outsourced and crumbled from this space they built for themselves and their family.
This physical and emotional transit characterizes the notion of displacing, because it becomes key to understand the struggle to reinvent a place for them in the urban space where new ways of appropriation of space emerge. Such transit also brings the conflict of coexistence between newcomers and resident migrants, the territory appears as a space where they must acquire their own house and stabilize their living conditions.
In this project firstly immigration and its short/long time effects on several cases will be studied. Afterwards considering the life span of these settlements (future Identity) a proposal based on integration of communities through specific arrangement of housing (based on introducing modular design) that encourage the public participation in development of the habitat, a prototype will be suggested.
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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Housing for immigrants. A Settlement for Co-existence of Communities, Case study in Ibarra, Ecuador
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Exploring the Impact of Studying Abroad in Relation to Global Citizenship Skills Development, Focusing on Four Students’ Motivation And Experiences Doing a Masters in Education
Studying abroad implies not only academic interaction, but also living through life experiences in a new country. Thus, this qualitative research attempts to be a starting point for those interested in students’ perceptions about studying abroad and how this develops their global citizenship skills.
Four student experiences were analysed through semi-structured interviews, to examine the opportunities and challenges the students faced while living and studying abroad and what their perceptions are towards global citizenship.
Furthermore, it is explored how their global citizenship skills are developed, after the living abroad experience. There were three significant findings of the study: firstly, student ideas of global citizenship were more positive among the students from developing countries, than those who came from developed countries. Secondly, students from developing countries experienced more academic and social challenges than those from developed countries.
Thirdly, it was evidenced that the experience of studying abroad developed students’ global citizenship skills, regardless of their countries background – developed or developing. The four participants were a male and a female from developed countries and a male and a female from developing countries. All of them were pursuing their MA degree in education at Bath Spa University at the time of this research.
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Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
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Exploring the Impact of Studying Abroad in Relation to Global Citizenship Skills Development, Focusing on Four Students’ Motivation And Experiences Doing a Masters in Education
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