Documento en el que Manuel María Zaldúa reclama al Estado la indemnización por 3547 pesos, a causa de las violencias, depredaciones y latrocinios que ha tenido que sufrir. El impreso, que conserva la ortografía de la época, expone varias razones por las que Zaldúa instaura la demanda.

Documento en el que Juan Miguel Acevedo da cuenta de la situación general de Bogotá para mediados del siglo XIX. A lo largo del documento, que conserva la ortografía de la época, menciona que en la ciudad hay rentas insuficientes, deudas en aumento y falta de crédito, que impiden el avance del gobierno local.

Documento en el que José María Cortés se defiende de las acusaciones anónimas que han aparecido en varios medios, en las que se le acusa de malversación de bienes y remates desamortizados. El documento conserva la ortografía de la época.

Abstract: This research was conducted to analyse undercover narratives of the participants of an undergraduate theatre program in Colombia and their impact on assessment practices. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were held with professors and students, and the analysis contrasted the data with debates between the utilitarian and the humanist approaches to theatre education and pedagogic debates between modernist and postmodernist approaches. The results showed that those debates are present in the participants’ narratives and arise paradoxes to the issue. This research proposes that further curriculum research development must acknowledge them and aim to create an Intersubjective Curriculum. Resumen: Esta investigación fue llevada a cabo con el objetivo de analizar las narrativas ocultas de los participantes de un programa de teatro de pregrado en Colombia y su impacto en las prácticas evaluativas. Para recolectar datos, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semi-estructuradas con docentes y estudiantes, y en la etapa de análisis se contrastaron los mismos con los debates entre las perspectivas humanitaria y utilitarista de la educación teatral y con los debates pedagógicos entre las perspectivas modernista y postmodernista. Los resultados mostraron que estos debates están presentes en las narrativas de los participantes y hacen surgir paradojas a la cuestión. Esta investigación propone que las posteriores investigaciones sobre desarrollo curricular deben tomar en cuenta estas narrativas y perspectivas y aspirar a construir un Currículo Intersubjetivo.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical Compounds (PCs), are synthetic substances intensively consumed by humans and continuously released into the urban wastewater. Often, the removal of PCs from wastewater is found to be insufficient, or even absent if population is not connected to the sewage system and wastewater is directly emitted into the environment. In the last decades, the PCs have aroused special attention because they have been found in surface water at concentrations that can cause negative effects on the aquatic biota and environment. Studies employing PCs monitoring and modelling techniques on surface waters have been mainly conducted in developed countries, while studies in developing countries are still scarce. Attempting to fill this gap, this work focused specifically in Colombia, where the occurrence of PCs has not been thoroughly studied and monitoring plans are barely done due to high costs. This work employed the Exposure to Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (ePiE), a spatially distributed model only implemented and used in Europe, to predict concentrations of PCs in rivers and lakes by considering their consumption, fate and transport. So, it aimed to create a new ePiE model network taking as a case of study the prediction of Naproxen and Paracetamol in the Upper Catchment of the Cauca River, Colombia, an area with a different socio-economic and climatic conditions with respect to the European continent. The methodological approach included: a) data collection on PCs’ consumption, physicochemical properties and removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs); b) consolidation of geodata of the study area such as hydrology, hydrography, urban agglomeration and WWTPs location; c) model building by using the open-source software environment R; d) analysis of the model sensitivity to input parameters; e) model validation. The results showed that all concentration predictions deviate within a range of only one order of magnitude from measurements which is a remarkable result when dealing with such high uncertainties. In terms of magnitude prediction, for the worst-case scenario, Naproxen and Paracetamol were found to exceed the environmental standards thresholds in 9% and 1% of the model river network nodes respectively. Overall, this research aimed to assess the applicability of the ePiE model in estimating the presence of PCs in a subregion of Colombia, demonstrating that it is feasible to expand ePiE to other areas and giving insights about the spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals substances so hotspots can be identified and several scenarios can be built in future works.

Abstract: The Colombian Navy currently has a deficit of logistical vessels to support other maritime and landbased units. Through the Naval Development Plan 2042, the Navy’s objective is to acquire, among other objectives, one multipurpose vessel or Landing Platform Dock and four logistic ships. This study aims to apply the MCDA methodology for selecting a logistic ship within the alternatives presented by the Chief of Naval Planning. In developing this study, a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model has been made for the Colombian Navy. The Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) has been applied to select the most optimal logistic vessel according to the considerations and specifications provided by the Navy. Four alternatives of different designs and companies were assessed in this study: KERSHIP B2M, FASSMER MPV 70 MKII, DAMEN Logistic Support Vessel LSV 6513 and BCC 6012 (Cargo and cabotage vessel) from COTECMAR shipyard. Our main idea was to break down the overall problem into smaller parts, focusing on them separately. The SMART model was structured in a step-by-step procedure described in an easy-to-follow and user-friendly manner. Six fundamental objectives were identified and assessed by experts. The decision-maker then assessed the main attributes resulted from the expert’s evaluation. The decision-maker preferences were identified for the following criteria: cost, operational capabilities, and support capacity to determine the most preferred alternative. The results suggest that the B2M and BCC 6012 were the most preferred alternative, lying on the efficient frontier. Through sensitivity analysis, the decision-maker was supported to assess how efficient the vessel selection is and thus achieve an optimal choice within the alternatives. The results indicate that MCDA and SMART can support decision-makers in analysing, structuring, and interpreting priorities in a decision-making process. The main output of this thesis has been the implementation of a decision model to assist decision-making in selecting a logistics vessel for the Navy.

Abstract: Cities have become the main centres of consumption and transformation of resources. As cities are still growing in terms of physical size, number of inhabitants and total energy consumption, unique challenges present themselves in order to safeguard a healthy urban living environment, while preventing resource shortages and pollution. The concept of urban metabolism may contribute to sustainable growth of cities as it can be used to understand emergent patterns in flows of energy and materials in the urban environment. The concept of urban metabolism draws upon an analogy with the biological meaning of metabolism, as it occurs in organisms and ecosystems. Here we present a review of the interpretation of urban metabolism in the context of urban energy dynamics and assess the validity of the proposed analogy with biology. Based on this analogy, we propose a conceptual framework for the role of urban metabolism in urban energy systems. Our review highlights that urban energy systems show a hierarchical organization comparable to ecological systems. However, the emergent patterns that result from the dynamics within urban systems differ from those occurring within ecological systems. We suggest that, in contrast to biological systems, urban energy systems lack energetic constraints at the lowest level of organisation that could enable the resource-efficient regulation of energy requirements at larger scales. The proposed framework highlights that low-level resource supply regulations may contribute to introduce scale-dependent relationships that increase energy use efficiency as cities grow. Resumen: Las ciudades han llegado a ser grandes centros de consumo y transformación de recursos. Debido a que las ciudades se mantienen en constante crecimiento en términos de tamaño físico, número de habitantes y consumo de energía, surge la necesidad de afrontar retos evidentes con el fin de salvaguardar el ambiente urbano, así como prevenir la escasez de recursos y el aumento de polución. El metabolismo urbano puede contribuir a explicar el crecimiento sostenible de las ciudades, ya que éste permite entender la emergencia de patrones en los flujos de energía y materiales en el ambiente urbano. Éste se basa en la analogía con el metabolismo en sistemas biológicos, el cual está presente tanto a nivel de organismos como de ecosistemas. En este artículo se plantea una revisión de la interpretación del metabolismo urbano en el contexto de sistemas energéticos urbanos. A partir de dicha revisión se plantea que los sitemas energéticos urbanos muestran una organización jerárquica comparable a la de los sistemas biológicos. No obstante, los patrones emergentes que resultan de la dinámica en los sistemas urbanos difieren de aquellos que ocurren en los sistemas biológicos. Nosotros sugerimos que, a diferencia de los sistemas biológicos, los sistemas urbanos no presentan limitaciones energéticas en los niveles inferiores de la organización, que trasciendan en una eficiente regulacion de los consumos energéticos en los niveles superiores del sistema. El marco conceptual propuesto en este artículo resalta que una regulación en el abastecimiento de recursos en los niveles inferiores, puede llegar a inducir relaciones de carácter alométrico que representen un aumento en la eficiencia energética en la medida que las ciudades continuan con su crecimiento.

Esta es la segunda parte de la tesis, en la que se encuentran partituras musicales y otros anexos que sirven de complemento al estudio realizado por el autor Promenade: A Musical Journey through the National Gallery of Ireland is a work based on the vision of guiding a visitor through a virtual tour of five exhibits at the National Gallery. Each piece of art has been carefully selected to ensure a variety of themes, and to highlight the broad range of artwork on public display in the National Gallery. These pieces of art have been analysed in terms of their style and historical significance. Five musical compositions have then been created to complement each artwork. The music reflects not only the subjects of the artwork but also the tone, style and artistic techniques of each piece. The result is a multisensory experience for the art enthusiast. What once could be enjoyed merely visually can now be experienced in a manner that actively engages the aural sense also. Promenade: A Musical Journey through the National Gallery of Ireland Es un trabajo basado en la visión de un visitante a través de cinco pinturas de la Galería Nacional de Irlanda. Cada pieza de arte ha sido meticulosamente seleccionada para asegurar una variedad de temas y resaltar el amplio rango de arte dispuesto al público en la galería. Estas piezas han sido analizadas en términos de estilo, estructura y significado histórico. Cinco composiciones musicales fueron creadas posteriormente para complementar las pinturas. Las cinco composiciones reflejan no sólo el tema de la pintura sino el tono, estilo y técnica artística de cada pieza. El resultado es una experiencia multisensorial para el entusiasta artístico. lo que alguna vez se podía disfrutar visualmente , ahora puede ser experimentado en una manera que activa el sentido auditivo.

Abstract: A recent petrophysical formulation states that all the storage mechanisms present in shale reservoirs are best represented by a quintuple porosity system that is further fed by dissolved gas in the solid kerogen. The quintuple porosity system is made up of: 1) adsorbed gas in the pore walls of the organic matter. 2) free gas stored in the inorganic matrix porosity. 3) free gas stored in natural fractures (microfractures and slot porosity) 4) free gas stored in the hydraulic fractures created around the wellbore by the stimulation job. 5) free gas stored in the organic nanopores. This thesis presents a new material balance methodology for shale gas and shale condensate reservoirs that considers all the aforementioned storage mechanisms. Results lead to the conclusion that ignoring the effects of gas diffusion from kerogen in shale material balance calculations can lead to pessimistic estimates of both OGIP and production forecasts. Resumen: Una formulación petrofísica reciente indica que todos los mecanismos de almacenamiento presentes en yacimientos de lutita son representados por un sistema de quíntuple porosidad que, además, se alimenta de gas disuelto en el kerógeno sólido. El sistema de quíntuple porosidad está compuesto de: 1) gas adsorbido en las paredes de los poros en la materia orgánica. 2) gas libre almacenado en la porosidad de la matriz inorgánica. 3) gas libre almacenado en las fracturas naturales (microfracturas y porosidad ranurada). 4) gas libre almacenado en las fracturas hidráulicas creadas alrededor de la cara del pozo por el trabajo de estimulación. 5) gas libre almacenado en los nanoporos de la materia orgánica. Esta tesis presenta una nueva metodología para balance de materia de yacimientos de lutita de gas y gas condensado que considera todos los mecanismos de almacenamiento previamente mencionados. Los resultados permiten concluir que si los efectos de la difusión de gas del kerógeno son ignorados en los cálculos de balance de materia en yacimientos de lutita, pueden obtenerse estimados pesimistas tanto de gas original en sitio como de los pronósticos de producción.

This thesis provides a description of political conflicts derived from differences in perspectives of environmental management and governance for Northwest Amazonia (NWA). A chapter is devoted to analysing the impact of State security policy in the development of indigenous’ territorial rights. The chapter concludes that the Colombian and USA government discourses of security coincide that the derived policies increase environmental risks and hinder indigenous peoples’ rights. Survey forms are treated as an additional source of discourse and are used to illustrate different perspectives with respect to governance and territorial ordering in Amazonia. It is argued that inhabitants of the industrialised countries with access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in many senses share the responsibility for the actual state of affairs in NWA, as well as other parts of the developing world where there is precarious access to ICT. Central to the thesis is the idea that we are passing through a moment of conceptual ‘dissolution’: dissolution of the divide ‘Indigenous Knowledge’ / ‘Western Sciences’, of the distinction between ‘Social Resistance’ and ‘Social Adaptation’, and of the differentiation between ‘Corporate Management’ and ‘State Security policy’. The thesis describes how this dissolution is occurring at the same time as cultural identity is mutating. The thesis goes beyond discourses surrounding the governance of NWA, by offering a contemporary critique of the concept of ‘globalisation’, and an attempt to locate it in the a 21st century cultural context.