«El avión de papel» es un método para la enseñanza del francés como lengua extranjera (FLE) a niños. Esta propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza del FLE a niños en condición de discapacidad cognitiva fue creada con el fin de identificar y poner en práctica estrategias didácticas para promover una verdadera inclusión pedagógica desde la clase de francés en el colegio IED Villemar el Carmen de Bogotá. Durante esta investigación – acción se siguieron cinco etapas fundamentales: - En primer lugar, se hizo una exploración del contexto educativo a través de la implementación de dos encuestas, teniendo por objetivo conocer características específicas del colegio y de los estudiantes. - Posteriormente, se realizaron observaciones en todos los grupos de educación especial durante la clase de lengua materna con el fin de reconocer ciertos elementos sobresalientes con respecto a estrategias metodológicas y situaciones de interacción. (Estudiantes-docentes) - La tercera etapa comprende una revisión de nociones teóricas referentes a tres temas esenciales para la promoción de la inclusión educativa a partir de la clase de FLE: La pedagogía de la inclusión, el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños y los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas a niños, incluso aquellos en condición de discapacidad cognitiva. - La siguiente etapa hace referencia a la concepción y creación de la propuesta metodológica teniendo en cuenta el programa de educación especial como punto de referencia. - La última etapa es dedicada a la experimentación del manual “El avión de papel” en dos grupos de educación especial, específicamente segundo y tercero de primaria. A lo largo de este proceso, se logró la creación del libro para los estudiantes junto a la guía pedagógica para orientar a los docentes a utilizar mejor este método. Finalmente, algunos puntos fuertes y posibles remediaciones para el manual son considerados a partir de las 300 de enseñanza.

Abstract: This thesis analyzes how mindfulness is translated into a business concept for the organizational realm in Bogotá, Colombia. How does an originally “mystic”, eastern esoteric concept like mindfulness manage to travel into and adapt to a material Western setting, specifically Bogotá? Previous research on mindfulness in businesses often analyzes it as an accepted tool for executives and organizations, but little research has focused on how mindfulness has actually ended up there, having been tailored by mindfulness companies to meet organizational interests. This thesis explores the identity-making process of seven mindfulness companies and their owners using cultural analysis and ethnographical methods. In focus are the tacit and explicit rules engaged in creating these mindfulness companies, their marketing strategies, their gender notions and the meanings they ascribe to the mindfulness experience. Similarly, the voice of Bogotá’s organizational realm is examined in order to comprehend their take and appreciations on mindfulness. The analysis is guided by Mary Douglas definition on cleanliness and pollution, Erving Goffman’s theatrical perspective on social interactions, Victor Turner’s delineation of liminality and Judith Butler definition of gender. The investigation indicates that shaping mindfulness for business purposes is a personal and intimate process for the mindfulness practitioners operating as business owners. Further, the work reveals that, due to the gender stereotypes embedded in Bogotá’s organizational realm, the mindfulness companies translate and market mindfulness as a prestigious enactment of womanness. The thesis findings can be used as a guide as they show how the successful travelling process and translation of mindfulness into a business concept for the organizational realm requires being aware of the specific local and geographic constructions of mindfulness including their national, gendered and sociocultural characteristics. Further, it reveals the significance of the individual perspectives on business and mindfulness that the women running the mindfulness companies adhere to. Resumen: Esta tesis analiza cómo el concepto de Mindfulness se traduce en una idea de negocios y se moldea para el ámbito organizacional en Bogotá, Colombia. La pregunta surge ¿Cómo un concepto que inicialmente se considera “esotérico” y del Oriente viaja y se adapta a un entorno Occidental en Bogotá? A menudo, las investigaciones que discuten la existencia y el uso de Mindfulness dentro del ámbito organizacional se orientan en presentar este concepto como una herramienta que ya ha sido aceptada dentro de la organización y que está al alcance de ejecutivos y colaboradores. Sin embargo, la academia no ha examinado la manera en que Mindfulness llega a las organizaciones y es adaptada por las compañías de Mindfulness para cumplir con las necesidades e intereses de los ejecutivos. Esta tesis se soporta en un análisis cultural y métodos etnográficos para explorar el proceso de generación de identidad de siete empresas de Mindfulness y sus propietarias. La tesis se enfoca en las reglas tácitas y explícitas que involucran la creación de una empresa de Mindfulness, sus estrategias de marketing, nociones de género y los significados que se le atribuyen a lo que aquí se denomina como la experiencia de Mindfulness. Del mismo modo, la tesis analiza las voces del ámbito organizacional de Bogotá, con el fin de comprender sus apreciaciones respecto a Mindfulness. El análisis toma como guía la definición de limpieza y contaminación de la antropóloga Mary Douglas, la perspectiva teatral del sociólogo Erving Goffman, el concepto de liminalidad del antropólogo Víctor Turner y la definición de género de la filósofa y feminista Judith Butler. La investigación indica que la generación de Mindfulness con fines comerciales es un proceso personal e íntimo para las profesionales que se dedican a esto y que operan como dueñas del negocio. Además, el trabajo revela que, debido a los estereotipos de género presentes en el ámbito organizacional de Bogotá, Mindfulness se traduce y publicita localmente como un prestigioso acto de femineidad.

Actualmente, los nuevos paradigmas del desarrollo “sostenible y sustentable” se han convertido en nuevas políticas para “rescatar” la importancia y la práctica de la Shagra en las comunidades; sin embargo, las categorias del sistema no son tenidas del todo en cuenta. Por lo anterior los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: i) identificar las categorias del sistema Shagra ii) ajustar las categorias en el marco de la resiliencia que explique las diferentes fases que ocurren en este sistema socio- ecológico iii) proveer recomendaciones sobre las intervenciones de seguridad alimentaria en la región para promover la seguridad alimentaria de una manera holística. Se desarrollaron relaciones del sistema con categorías de resiliencia a través de un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semi-estructuradas, grupos focales, plenarias y un método novedoso llamado Mindala. Los resultados se analizaron con el software NVIVO. Como categorias claves se identificaron: mujeres, semillas nativas, conexiones sociales, prácticas tradicionales e integración familiar. Aquí se identifico, por ejemplo, que el aislamiento de los centros urbanos y mercados, activan mecanismos de mitigación de incertidumbres. Por otro lado se observa la evidente dependencia del mercado y proyectos de desarrollo que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades. Se discute acerca del actual sistema educativo público rural, los desafíos en la conservación de semillas nativas, cambios en un ambiente globalizado y el rol de prácticas indígenas que proveen enlaces confiables de cara a la inseguridad alimentaria. Se hacen recomendaciones finales a los actores involucrados como el gobierno, comunidades y sociedad civil. Este estudio muestra las conexiones intrínsecas entre los miembros de la comunidad y el conocimiento de plantas nativas de la zona y otras particularidades del sistema que permiten sobrepasar las incertidumbres y conservar la resiliencia del sistema. Sin embargo, esta resiliencia es amenazada día a día cuando las particularidades del sistema no son consideradas. La riqueza y peculiaridades de la Shagra están bajo amenaza y extinción. Su continuidad es un desafío para Colombia y la humanidad.

The following project intends to give a short duration album showing how to take South American Andean music into a different level, this task is approached in different ways. By the use of elements from rock and electronic music used to enrich the traditional Andean tunes, in addition to that, some exploration and experimentation with the instruments of the region is being held in order to get new sounds out of them, as well as new ways of mixing and panning them. También pueden ser consultados los mp3 que acompañaron la realización de esta tesis: Arriba quemando el sol -- Senderos Fiesta de San Benito -- Senderos La Partida -- Senderos Ocaso -- Senderos La Palomita -- Senderos

Informe general de la economía departamental de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina para el primer semestre del año 2004. A lo largo del documento se mencionan variaciones en los índices de desempleo, exportaciones e importaciones, actividades financieras, construcción de infraestructura y sacrificio de ganado con respecto al periodo anterior.

The construction of an LNG facility implies a considerable expenditure the capital, generally, the process simulators are used to estimate the operating parameters of the liquefaction plant and to size the equipment needed. Although, natural gas data has been widely studied under non-cryogenic conditions, the availability of thermodynamic data for multi-component mixtures at high pressure, and cryogenic temperatures is still poor (Laskowski L., 2008). Therefore, accurate vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE), and calorific data for multi-component mixtures at LNG process conditions would enhance the simulations.Measurements of VLE data for binary mixture consisted of methane and butane and also a multi-component mixture; methane, ethane, propane and butane were performanced. Furthermore, a comparison of these data with the predictions given by Aspen HYSYS software, using the Peng-Robinson (PR), Soave Redlich Kwong (SRK) and the GERG equations of state (EOSs). Moreover, an improvement in the performance of cubic EOSs in HYSYS is studied by anchoring these data using a tuning code. Finally, analyse the impact of those finding in the LNG scrub column.The experimental part of the project has completed using a cryogenic VLE apparatus, while the modelling part has done by using a tuning code that interacts between HYSYS and MS Excel; it optimizes an objective function by the modification of binary interaction parameters in the equation of state.

In this dissertation I will analyze twenty four novels which inquire into the topics of drug trafficking and contract killings in Colombia. I will enter these novels into the widest sphere of the narrative of Colombian violence; I will discuss the denomination “sicaresca” and the approach of literary analysis to this narrative. I will also propose a definition of said literature according to the connections with socio-historical referents that their works of fiction deal with. This is necessary because some of the critical approaches to this corpus carry an inheritance of prejudices that mar these analyses. I approach this narrative through the individual analysis of each of these novels and the cross-analyses of groups of novels according to the emphasis on the topics of drug trafficking and contract killing. I find that although these corpuses (drug trafficking novels and contract killing novels) have connections most of the times, they maintain substantial differences in their understanding of the phenomena of drug trafficking and contract killings, the city-violence relationship and the configuration of delinquents and their social impact. It is necessary to take into account that the social perception of the phenomenon of drug trafficking is determined by cultural, historical and regional conditions that determine the construction of literary fictions and the perception of the world that these entail. For this, I propose a literary cartography that examines the sociocultural influences and determinations in the construction of the world that these novels perform in five regions: the Atlantic coast, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia, Eje Cafetero and Bogotá. In regard to the contract killer novels, I inquire into the construction of the figure of the assassin, the city-violence relation, the phenomena of drug trafficking and contract killings, and the implications of the narrative in the reading matter of the reality that these works of fiction put forward. Finally, I perform a reading of the novel La Virgen de los Sicarios in which I present the existence of a criminal thinking of the narrator that determines the evaluation of the world that the text proposes. At the end of this chapter, I examine the cinematographic adaptation of this novel and the deep transformations that are entailed in the construction of the learned narrator and his perception of reality.

Climate change, environmental legislation and binding targets for renewable energy, alongside an increased focus on the economic benefits of energy and fuel conservation, are driving the adoption of new technologies as sources of energy. With these dynamics, it is evident that waste heat recovery technologies can play a key role in reducing in reducing indirectly the CO2 footprint of existing fossil power generation and achievement of renewable energy targets. Since the recovered heat is effectively ‘free of charge’, there is a direct positive impact on the energy costs to the end user. This project aims to implement a Organic Rankine Cycle system in a Petrochemical plant, in this case a Low density Polyethylene Plant because is generated hug quantities of heat waste in the polymerization reaction during 8000 hours/year. Also is evaluated the Technical and economical advantages in order to check the feasibility of the implementation of Organic Rankine Cycle System in a Petrochemical Plant. The impact of this Project could give a good guide of the feasibility of the implement ORC system in Industrial process, because the most projects launched with this Technology have been usually used in Geothermal Applications.

The aim of this work is to propose an effective design strategy to deliver complex information to a multicultural audience. Following this notion, this project attempts to recognise how the principles of interface design and learning could be applied in cross-cultural communication. To carry out this proposal, an e-learning course aimed at international students was developed. E-learning was chosen as an ideal starting point to perform an interface analysis, as through learning effectiveness is possible to assess efficacy in communication, giving a chance to evaluate an interface design under specific parameters. To propose a method that could address this goal, it became clear that the application of a multidisciplinary approach was crucial. Therefore, the proposed design strategy seeks to find the links between interface design heuristics, learning principles and cultural factors analysing a group of 349 international students from five different nationalities registered at the Bauhaus University of Weimar (Winter Semester 2015/16). Using the design strategy detailed in this document, an interface for an e-learning course was developed and, it will be implemented in the context of a pilot test during the Summer Semester 2017.

The discussion whether indigenous peoples have or have not determined collective and individual rights related to the environment, within international and regional instruments, will be addressed within the chapters of the thesis. Thus, here we will devote special attention to the right to a healthy environment, considering also if the paternalistic point of view that has been given to this minority is currently necessary. Consequently, for reaching a final conclusion we will develop in a logical order the topic, starting from the root, which is the origin of the term indigenous and its scope, going through determinant historical events and how this will mark the current legal instruments and state practice around the world. Afterwards, we will dedicate the second part to the explanation of the ancestral bound of peoples and their native lands, as well as how modern events, such as climate change, and not so modern events, such as the exploitation of natural resources and the building of mega projects are still affecting their territories. Hence, we will explain how this vulnerability has to deal with the procedural and substantive rights, exposing for these purposes the different international instruments, which develop both collective and individual rights of peoples. Finally, we will bring selected cases regarding the developed topics.