Résumé: Cette thèse analyse l´incidence et le potentiel transformateur du Mouvement Étudiant Colombien et de l´Université Autonome Indigène Interculturelle dans le domaine de l´éducation supérieure en Colombie, pour la période 1998-2014. Faisant appel aux objectifs et aux méthodologies proposés par la sociologie des émergences, elle propose une théorie relationnelle de l´exclusion et de l´inégalité qui, tout en montrant les composants structurants, participatifs et positionnels sur lesquels se construisent les relations sociales, défend la pertinence des concepts de jouissance et de production du commun, égalité des places et épistémologies de l´injuste, pour comprendre ce que sont l´exclusion et l´inégalité, et ce que signifie le dépassement de telles relations. La thèse étudie la façon dont le Mouvement Étudiant Colombien et l´Université Autonome Indigène Interculturelle ont tenté de surmonter les situations d´exclusion et d´inégalité provoquées par les relations de classe sociale, d´appartenance ethnique, de genre, de provenance régionale, de dépendance internationale, de handicap et d´épistémicide, dans le domaine de l´éducation supérieure. En reconnaissant les types de transformation rupturiste, contre-hégémonique et symbiotique, qui surgissent dans le cadre des luttes sociales, elle définit l´incidence et le potentiel transformateur des luttes étudiantes et indigènes dans leur défense de l´éducation supérieure comme un droit et un bien commun dont le fondement est le dialogue interculturel, en opposition au système d´éducation supérieure massifié, hiérarchique et hétéronome qui se consolide en Colombie. Resumen: Esta tesis analiza la incidencia y el potencial transformador del Movimiento Estudiantil Colombiano y de la Universidad Autónoma Indígena Intercultural en el campo de la educación superior en Colombia en el periodo 1998-2014. Apelando a los objetivos y metodologías propuestas por la sociología de las emergencias, propone una teoría relacional de la exclusión y la desigualdad que, mostrando los componentes estructurantes, participativos y posicionales sobre los que se constituyen las relaciones sociales, defiende la relevancia de los conceptos de goce y producción de lo común, igualdad de posiciones y epistemologías de lo injusto para comprender qué es la exclusión y la desigualdad y qué significa superar tales relaciones. La tesis estudia cómo el Movimiento Estudiantil Colombiano y la Universidad Autónoma Indígena Intercultural han intentado superar las situaciones de exclusión y desigualdad provocadas por las relaciones de clase social, pertenencia étnica, género, procedencia regional, dependencia internacional, discapacidad y epistemicidio en el campo de la educación superior. Reconociendo los tipos de transformación rupturista, contrahegemónica y simbiótica que surgen en el marco de las luchas sociales, define la incidencia y potencial transformador de las luchas estudiantiles e indígenas en su defensa de la educación superior como derecho y bien común fundamentado en el diálogo intercultural, que se contrapone al sistema de educación superior masificado, jerarquizado y heterónomo que se consolida en Colombia. Résumé: Cette thèse analyse l´incidence et le potentiel transformateur du Mouvement Étudiant Colombien et de l´Université Autonome Indigène Interculturelle dans le domaine de l´éducation supérieure en Colombie; pour la période 1998-2014. Faisant appel aux objectifs et aux méthodologies proposés par la sociologie des émergences; elle propose une théorie relationnelle de l´exclusion et de l´inégalité qui; tout en montrant les composants structurants; participatifs et positionnels sur lesquels se construisent les relations sociales; défend la pertinence des concepts de jouissance et de production du commun; égalité des places et épistémologies de l´injuste; pour comprendre ce que sont l´exclusion et l´inégalité; et ce que signifie le dépassement de telles relations. La thèse étudie la façon dont le Mouvement Étudiant Colombien et l´Université Autonome Indigène Interculturelle ont tenté de surmonter les situations d´exclusion et d´inégalité provoquées par les relations de classe sociale; d´appartenance ethnique; de genre; de provenance régionale; de dépendance internationale; de handicap et d´épistémicide; dans le domaine de l´éducation supérieure. En reconnaissant les types de transformation rupturiste; contre-hégémonique et symbiotique; qui surgissent dans le cadre des luttes sociales; elle définit l´incidence et le potentiel transformateur des luttes étudiantes et indigènes dans leur défense de l´éducation supérieure comme un droit et un bien commun dont le fondement est le dialogue interculturel; en opposition au système d´éducation supérieure massifié; hiérarchique et hétéronome qui se consolide en Colombie.

The field of Communication for Development and Social Change (CDSC henceforth) has enriching practices in peacebuilding contexts, especially in post-conflict and fragile states, with the use of approaches like behaviour change, edutainment and participatory media that aim to contribute to peace goals of reconciliation and reconstruction of social fabrics. Despite this, what happens ‘on the field’ has not been translated into theoretical developments of CDSC and peacebuilding studies, with few exceptions like Citizens’ Media (Rodríguez, 2000), Communication for Peace (Hoffmann, 2013) and ICT for Peacebuilding (Hattotuwa, 2004). Based on the above-mentioned frameworks and retaking the seminal CDSC works of Andreas Fuglesang (1982), this dissertation explores the potentialities and uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs henceforth) in one of the most sensitive aspects for reconciliation in post-conflict countries, collective memory. Particularly, the research seeks to explore methods used by the organisations and its dialogue with local expressions of memory in the creation of content and narratives that might contribute to the local peacebuilding processes. This is done through two case studies of memory-related initiatives in Colombia that use digital literacy and content production as part of their process. The first case study is the Alfabetizaciones Digitales (AD, Digital Literacies in Spanish), a project of the National Centre for Historical Memory, that worked with victims’ memory initiatives in the creation of websites and multimedia content. The second is Revelando Barrios (RB, Revealing Barrios in Spanish) an initiative of the NGO Ciudad Comuna based on social photography with youngsters of the Comuna 8 of Medellín, Antioquia. Using a methodology that combines Key Informant Interviews, content and data analysis, the main findings pointed to three aspects. First, that there is a general pattern of non-deterministic ICT use in both projects, with potential to foster ‘empowering’ collective actions and inter-generational dialogue. Second, the content analysis allowed the identification of a potential influence of what Fuglesang calls ‘conventions’ of digital language -i.e. the rules for writing on the web- in the content produced for the AD case study. Thirdly, that the main limitations of ICT use are those linked to the digital divide and the sustainability of the process; though, it is noted that participants and implementers developed solidarity mechanisms to alter the limitation of access to Internet and devices such as photo cameras. Dissertation awarded with Distinction, Award for Best Dissertation 2017 of the Graduate Institute of International Development, Agriculture and Economics, University of Reading.

Abstract: This dissertation is about the Aristotelian account of phantasia in De Anima (DA). It has two principal aims: the first is to criticise the claim of some contemporary scholars, specifically Michael Wedin, which states that what Aristotle says in DAIII,3 explains completely the concept of phantasia, and from there all its uses in the Corpus Aristotelicum are understood. Contrary to this, I assert that passages from DAIII, 7-11 present more features and a distinctive function of phantasia. Therefore, to have a complete account and a full understanding of Aristotelian phantasia, we need to consider those passages. The second aim is related to the first one. I want to argue that the distinctive function of phantasia exhibited in DAIII, 7-11 is due to its being in the rational soul. In those passages Aristotle describes phantasia as bouleutike/logistike, as deliberative/calculative, as rational. This characterization implies a distinctive function, different from the function that it has in the perceptual soul. Resumen: Esta disertación trata del concepto aristotélico de phantasia en el Sobre el Alma y tiene principalmente dos objetivos: el primero es criticar la idea de algunos intérpretes contemporáneos, específicamente Michael Wedin, quienes argumentan que lo que dice Aristóteles en DAIII,3 explica completamente el concepto de phantasia, y por tanto, todos los usos de este concepto en el Corpus Aristotelicum se explican. Contrario a esto, yo argumento que los textos de DAIII, 7-11 presentan más características y una función distintiva de phantasia. Por tanto, para tener un completo entendimiento del concepto aristotélico de phantasia se necesita considerar esos últimos pasajes. El segundo objetivo se relaciona con el primero. Quiero argumentar que esta función distintiva que se exhibe en DAIII, 7-11 se debe a su ser en el alma racional. En aquellos pasajes Aristóteles describe phantasia como bouleutike/logistike, como deliberativa o calculativa, como racional. Esta caracterización implica una función distintiva, diferente a la función que presenta esta facultad del alma en el alma perceptual.

Abstract: Literature on the training of music researchers is ample and copious, abundant in reference material and examples from different times and places. The present work tackles the analysis of an original and idiosyncratic project, in which a Ministry of Culture proposes a training program for researchers in music. Inviting agents and institutions from different backgrounds and territories, the Colombian Ministry of Culture through the ‘Pilot Project of Researchers’ Training in Music’ (PPFIM) led to a broad debate on research to strengthen traditional music practices. Through the critical-descriptive analysis of the documentation derived from the process, this study allows one to appreciate the genesis of this policy, as well as the different positions of the actors, the epistemological and political struggle behind the recognition of multiculturality, the forms of rationality involved in the research-training relationship, and the need for greater coherence in methodological, pedagogical and operational matters, which guarantee the formulation of a research policy that is in keeping with the wealth of local social knowledge, as a field of alternatives for open and plural societies more integrated, respectful of difference, and proud of their diversity. Resumen: La literatura sobre formación de investigadores en música es amplia y copiosa, abundante en material de referencia y ejemplos de diferentes épocas y lugares. El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de un proyecto original e idiosincrásico, en el que un Ministerio de Cultura propone un programa de formación para investigadores en música. Invitando a agentes e instituciones de diferentes procedencias y territorios, el Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia a través del Proyecto Piloto de Formación de Investigadores en Música (PPFIM) ha abierto un amplio debate sobre la formación en investigación como dispositivo para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas musicales tradicionales en el país. A través del análisis crítico-descriptivo de la documentación derivada del proceso del PPFIM, este estudio permite apreciar la génesis de esta política, así como diferentes posiciones de los actores involucrados, la lucha epistemológica y política detrás del reconocimiento de la multiculturalidad, las formas de racionalidad existentes en la relación investigación-formación y la necesidad de una mayor coherencia metodológica, pedagógica y operativa, que garantice la formulación de una política de investigación acorde con la riqueza del saber social local, como campo de alternativas para sociedades plurales más abiertas e integradas, respetuosas de la diferencia y orgullosas de su diversidad.

Abstract: Bovine Digital Dermatitis (DD) is a multi-etiological disease that affects several ungulate production species. One of the most studied ones are the Dairy Cattle, due to its population numbers in both developed and developing countries all around the world and the size of the dairy production globally.DD has no definite cure and there are currently several strategies to address this disease, including control of the risk factors at individual, animal and herd level, topic and systemic treatments with or without antibiotics. In these kind of diseases genetics can play a special role improving the overall health of the farm. It can help to select animals against the disease if it is included in the breeding goal. Using Generalized Linear Models, this thesis uses the SIS (Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible) model, taken from the Quantitative Epidemiology, to see whether there is a heritable component of susceptibility and infectivity related to the sire for DD in a group of 12 Dutch Dairy Farms. Resumen: La Dermatitis digital bovina (DD) es una enfermedad multietiológica que afecta a varias especies unguladas de producción Uno de los más estudiados es el ganado lechero, debido a su población en países desarrollados y en desarrollo en todo el mundo y al tamaño de la producción lechera a nivel mundial. El DD no tiene una cura definitiva y actualmente existen varias estrategias para tratar esta enfermedad, incluido el control de los factores de riesgo a nivel individual, animal y de rebaño, tratamientos tópicos y sistémicos con o sin antibióticos. En este tipo de enfermedades, la genética puede desempeñar un papel especial para mejorar la salud general de la granja. Puede ayudar a seleccionar animales contra la enfermedad si está incluida en el objetivo de reproducción. Usando Modelos Lineales Generalizados, esta tesis usa el modelo SIS (Susceptible-Infectado-Susceptible), tomado de la Epidemiología Cuantitativa, para ver si hay un componente hereditario de susceptibilidad e infectividad relacionado con el padre para DD en un grupo de 12 granjas lecheras holandesas.

Turning Point is a look into the state of Colombian cinema through the experience of a filmmaker who is working on his first feature film. Edison Vanegas, the father of a child with Down syndrome, is directing and producing Talento Millonario, a film that shows the skills and capabilities of people with learning difficulties. Turning Point tracks the efforts Vanegas makes to accomplish his goals as a filmmaker during the preproduction and production of the film. In order to obtain a wider picture, this documentary also includes the point of view of some of the most important players in the industry´s value chain like: director Victor Gaviria, producers Dago García and Juan Pablo Tamayo, the director of the Mixed Fund for Film Promotion Claudia Triana, among others. These experts will approach relevant issues concerning the state of affairs in national cinema. The film is an opportunity to learn about the effects of the “Film Act” created in 2003, which increased the number of productions being made in the country and gave filmmakers more tools and resources to make their project come to life. This does not necessarily mean consolidating the industry, because as we will see, there are still some major issues to solve and a long way to go. Master with distinction

Despite the numerous and insightful studies on military change, the scope of the countries and militaries, which have been a subject of analysis is limited. The attention has been brought mainly to the study of lessons from the United States, Great Britain and France. Some other studies explore Russia (and former USSR), Ireland, Israel and Japan among others, while not many have sought to explain how the armed forces of states committed to fight against a long-lasting insurgency in a non-international armed conflict, amidst constrained economies and particular social and cultural settings, have undertaken the endeavour to innovate, emulate and adapt. The present dissertation explores three case studies featuring evidence of innovation, emulation and adaptation in Colombia, in which ‘defence ownership’ is introduced as the overarching concept identified as an enabler of military change in a developing country dealing with a non-international armed conflict. Furthermore, it is argued that the effects of ‘norm compliance’ had provided the framework of action for innovation, limited the extent of emulation and represented the converging mechanism for using military capabilities for social purposes.

The Surface energy Balance System (SEBS) was utilised for evaluating the spatial and temporal variation of the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) over the Gumara basin, using satellite images from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in combination with meteorological data of the study area, for 12 days of 2006, 6 corresponding to the dry season, and 6 corresponding to the rainy season. The daily ETa was estimated for these days, and then a simple extrapolation of ETa proportionally to the ETp was used to compute the monthly and annual ETa. SEBS estimated an average ETa of 0.84 mm/day for the 6 dates of January, and an average of 4.24 mm/day for the 6 dates of the rainy season. The lowest value was obtained in Jan 2nd, with 0.73 mm/day, and the highest was observed in Sep 21st. Monthly ETa showed the lowest value of 34.20 mm in February; whereas the highest was observed in June with 115.67 mm. The annual ETa was about 847.12 mm, for the 2006. The average ETp estimated for the 12 analysed dates by Pan Evaporation method was about 4.15 mm/day, whereas for the Penman Monteith method was approximately 4.22 mm/day. Particularly for the rainy dates, the daily ETa was very similar to the ETp, with an average difference of 0.16 mm/day. In the water balance method, the difference between the estimated runoff with the ETa by SEBS, and the measured runoff at the station was of approximately 175.60 mm/year. According to these results and, although there are uncertainties associated with the model and the inputs utilised, the SEBS seemed to estimate reasonable values of ETa for the study area.

The classical job-shop problem is among the most studied scheduling models because it can model a variety of real-life applications. This problem can be reinforced by integrating the operation flexibility to obtain a more realistic model, called Flexible-Job shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), that capture the salient features of modern systems. To consider both productivity and customer service in the FJSP, objective function such as regular criteria that consider an increasing function of the completion times of the jobs are needed. Makespan consists of minimizing the maximal completion time of all jobs, and it is the most studied criterion in the FJSP. However, minimizing other regular criteria are better suited to capture critical factors that affect the profit of manufacturing and service systems and thus their competitiveness; in particular the importance of jobs(customers) with weighted criteria. This thesis presents innovative general local search approaches to minimize regular criteria in the FJSP in two ways: Single criterion and multi-criteria called Multi-Objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (MOFJSP). The local search approaches make use of a generalization of the disjunctive graph model, iteratively progress from one solution to another using two neighborhood structures (N1 and N2). N1 consists of moving all critical operations that belong to critical paths of jobs which affect the criterion being optimized and N2 is a subset of N1 where only operations which belong to blocks. New, efficient and fast sufficient feasibility conditions to obtain moves of the neighborhoods and evaluation functions that assess the quality of the feasible moves are proposed.

A review of the main issues that affect the livelihoods of non timber forest products (NTFP) focusing on the commercialisation issues of gatherers/producers and traders, was made for Colombia. It aimed to investigate broadly which are some of the cultural, economic, social, environmental, marketing and legislative issues that affect the outcomes for NTFP livelihoods. The sustainable rural livelihood framework was used to understand the main issues affecting NTFP livelihoods and to propose alternatives to improve the constraints found in NTFP development and commercialisation. The study identify the great importance of NTFP local and regional markets for rural development, and some data was given for international markets in order to understand the magnitude of the commerce and the possibilities that might arise for some promissory products. The review of some institutional and organisation incentives influencing NTFP production and commercialisation was undertaken by reviewing the forestry policies and some of its instruments. The study used secondary data of reports made mainly in Latin-America. The report concludes that the policies and norms that influence NTFP, such as the forestry policy and plans do not consider the importance of NTFP for social and environmental objectives. For NTFP research, the analysis of the commercialisation process is strongly co-related to social networks, ecology, cultural taboos, norms for management of NTFP and effectiveness of support organisations. NTFP livelihoods can be seriously affected by government organisations and NGO’s if they are treated as traditional commodities because of the fragility and uniqueness of their ecology, economy and social structures. The report gives some recommendations to government agencies and researchers that wish to mend the constraints found for NTFP successful development.