Los docentes en danza que desarrollan su trabajo en los colegios públicos de Bogotá, constantemente se ven enfrentados a las reticencias de sus estudiantes frente a las expresiones corporales de índole tradicional o folclórico, debido a la aparente distancia espacial, generacional y sensible entre las danzas que cotidianamente interpretan y las memorias populares que Colombia posee. Dicho abismo educativo tiene su origen en una educación conductual dedicada al aprendizaje de temáticas claramente importantes para el conocimiento cultural e identitario de las tradiciones que forjan ciertas comunidades colombianas. Las formas como se intenta llegar a ese conocimiento poco vinculan la cotidianidad del estudiante y sus manifestaciones corpóreas urbanas, visibilizando las tradiciones danzarias colombianas como una temática memorística más, dentro de lo que la escuela debería enseñar .

This document describes the evaluation of the nexible model of education the program return to school at the Bravo Paez IED school in the Rafael Uribe Uribe area between the years 2015 and 2017. To achieve this objective, were designed three specific objectives to guide the investigative process. the first makes a description of the beneficiary population, the second a general analysis of the inclusion policy and finally the last one determines the strengths and weaknesses of the program within the institution. In this nexible education program are assumed as relevant aspects: the curricular nexibility, adaptation of the physical plant o f the schools, the accompaniment of the SEO and the participation and inclusion of the population to the institution. In this way, surveys were conducted to 60 students of the program and 15 more to the graduates of the program in order to recognize the social and cultural aspects of the students and perspectives from their experience; likewise, interviews to teachers, counselor and accompaniment leader which allowed to know the operation of the program in these three years. After, to analys and do an interpretation of the information, recommendations are made at district, institutional and program levels in order to improve the functioning and know the needs of the beneficiaries population.

The present investigation was developed to demonstrate the structure and criteria that make up the proposal of evaluation of learning of the Flexible Educational Model Seeds Minute of God. The development of the objectives made it possible to characterize and analyze the evaluation proposal that is being implemented to determine the teaching-learning process; likewise it allowed generating recommendations for improvement.

La siguiente investigación presenta una estrategia de coevaluación que se implementa para fortalecer los procesos de aprendizaje cooperativo en los estudiantes del grado 10 del colegio La Giralda, a partir de la indagación que tenían esto frente al concepto de evaluación heteroevaluación y coevaluación, se implementó una estrategia en la clase de filosofía donde ellos coevaluarán el trabajo del otro y cómo a partir de los principios de la coevaluación se transforma el aprendizaje cooperativo.

On average, 44% of total water abstraction in Europe is used in agriculture. Evidence of water scarcity in Europe is borne out by research that shows increasing strain on water resources in 30% of EU member states. Current research seems to validate the view that wastewater treatment and reuse is a technical opportunity to address the imbalances between agricultural water demand and European water resources in the long term. Currently, just 2.4% of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are reused, and thus the water reuse potential in Europe remains high. This document reports on and analyses the performance of a prototype-scale plant installed to treat real wastewater in rural Spain using a Treat & Reuse Membrane Bioreactor (T&R MBR). It shows that the T&R MBR is an improvement on MBR operations due to the fact that it produced a solids-free, nutrient rich and high-quality permeate in which Escherichia Coli was removed to values < 1 ufc/100ml. Furthermore, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity and Suspended Solids (SS) were typically lowered to concentrations below the legal limit established in countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal. Additionally, the system was able to extract nutrients from the wastewater inflow and to retain them in the permeate at 80% and 60% of the Nitrogen (once transformed to Nitrates) and Phosphorous, respectively. These results, combined with the continuing reduction of capital and operating costs for the T&R MBRs, suggest that they are an increasingly cost-effective technology for producing treated effluents suitable for water reuse in agriculture. This study also suggests possible limitations regarding the fate of micro-pollutants during treatment. Nevertheless, the system works efficiently so long as the wastewater input meets the typical composition of raw municipal wastewater with minor contributions of industrial wastewater. This would imply low concentration of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) and Heavy Metals, as well as slight to moderate salinity (i.e. 0.7-3.0 dS/m). In spite of the fact that the T&R MBR technology can reduce the fresh water and fertilizer consumption of the agriculture sector, this system cannot be implemented in countries where the legislation restricts the reuse of effluents with significant concentrations of Nitrates and Phosphorous (e.g., Germany). Therefore, the present document suggests a set of technical criteria addressing the European challenges regarding water reuse in agriculture.

This research is focused on obtaining an important reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels by increasing the efficiency of pre-combustion carbon capture. It examines a new, low-risk, approach that uses conventional water gas shift reactors and acid gas removal technology in a unusual arrangement, within an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant (IGCC). Timmins (2010) proposed a flowsheet of this nature and it is this flowsheet that is used as the starting point for this research project. Process simulation in UniSim Design R390 is conducted  to validate the viability of such  a flowsheet and to investigate optimal plant configuration. The modelling output is compared to US DOE baseline studies for competing technologies (2010).The physical solvent, Selexol, is used for cardon dioxide (CO2) absorption as recommended by researchers as the most energy efficient amongst the range of physical and chemical solvents investigated. There are mainly two thermodynamic models required to meet all of the needs of this complex process. Most of the process is modelled with the Peng-Robinson equation of state but the Selexol absorber and desorber is modelled using the non-random-two-liquid model  (NRTL) for the liquid phase and the ideal gas law for the vapour phase. A beseline flowsheet model is successfully modelled that could be attached to an IGCC plant to enable it to continue producing electric power whilst capturing 90% of the carbon derived from the fuel. The model is used for process development, and for energy efficiency evaluation. Every major item of capital equipment has been included, modelled and sized to produce a cost analysis and additionallly, the model output was used for a preliminary life cycle analysis (LCA). From the results produced in this study, the proposed process appears to be a feasible, energy-efficient, alternative technology for incorporating carbon capture within an IGCC flowsheet.

The need of understanding the relationship between the physical habitat and ecology in the fluvial systems has become a major issue due to an increasing environmental conciousness but also because of the normativity which demand the achievement of the good status of the water bodies and its ecosystems. Exactly this requirement is prescribed by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) which have included the hydromorphology as an important aspect of evaluation due to the influence that it has on the ecology of a river system. The hydromorphology gets relevance because it study the system as a whole, involving the interactions between ecology, hydrology and fluvial geomorphology. As a response to the WFD each country of the European Union has developed a method for guaranteeing the compliance of the normativity. Elements of such methods and of international literature are collected for the development of a methodology that fulfill the gaps of the current Colombian water normativity and support the decision making in the environmental planning and impact assessment. This guide for the river morphological restoration in Colombia is a complete hydromorphological analysis of a selected river which main purpose is to make an approach to the general aspects of the river in the macro scale, followed by an assessment in the meso scale in which the river is segmented, classified and the hydromorphological conditions are scored; finally, a simulation is performed for a critical reach, called in this work the “bottle neck” reach. The simulation consists in a hydrodynamics model (or hydromorphodynamics model as optional), its results of depth, velocity and substrate in combination with the preferences of a fish indicator species, are computed in the software CASiMiR and give the habitat suitability in the study area for the simulated conditions. The application of such methodology is applied in a mountainous river reach downstream the Punt da Gall dam in Switzerland for which the hydromorphological aspects in the macro and meso scale are assessed and in the micro scale the habitat distribution of fish indicator species are calculated. The present work is an attempt to apply the habitat simulation as a tool for determining hydromorphological quality, for river restoration activities and for determining minimum habitat conditions when the discharge is regulated. Future investigations include the application in a Colombian river for which the collection of biological data still is a challenge.

The role of memory in judicial settings produces truths; In the case of Land Restitution, the memories of the victims are equivalent to social evidence. During this process, the victims' stories are complemented with institutional records and the information collected in the field work, carried out by the Unit as evidence to fail the sentences. These memories are key to the integral reparation, which includes within the orders of the sentences a series of economic and symbolic benefits, with which they transform their lives. In the case of La Palma, the stories have been used to identify land abandonment patterns, given the fear imparted by irregular groups, as their inhabitants were forced to move to neighboring municipalities , the return and the economic impulse that gave them the technical support and the estate plan agreed with the Unit. Likewise, their stories propase strategies to strengthen other reparatiÓn programs in the future, in which new generations are included, from social innovation initiatives, where agricultural products are harvested and processed with value proposals, to reduce the gap between The rural and urban world.

This article compares the critical barrier to civil war settlement in El Salvador and Colombia and analyzes the violence behavior in the post accord period. It emphasizes that in Colombia, some political parties argue about a Colombian salvadorization of violence, whose primary claim is seeing in the settlement with FARC-EP the reason of violence increasement in principal cities, as occurred in El Salvador during de post-accord period. It compares, in both countries, the war background, the negotiations process and the homicide rate in the post-accord period to point out that violence behavior after the conflict in El Salvador and Colombia is quite different and it is no possible to argue that in Colombia homicides will increase in all national territory as occurs in El Salvador. The article concludes refuting salvadorization thesis and identifies new tendencies of violence in Colombia influenced by a readjustment of forces in border territories without adversely effects in principal cities.

The Latin American population in Sweden has been increasing, and Colombians accounted for 17-24 % of the total migrant population in the last 5 years. In migration, acculturation is a process where individual changes take place as a result of contact with other culturally dissimilar people, which is known by influencing positively or negatively the health status of immigrants. Different studies have examined migration and health status, health access and barriers of consultation. However, there is a lack of information regarding immigrants’ attitudes towards health services and the influence on health-seeking behaviors. The aim was to explore the attitudes and experiences that Colombian immigrants had in their first interaction with the primary healthcare center (Vårdcentral). More specifically, it sought to explore differences or similarities in the attitudes and experiences of the Swedish healthcare system compared those from Colombia. Consequently, eight semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Colombian immigrants living in the south of Sweden using a snowball-sampling technique. A qualitative manifest and a latent content analysis were used for the analysis and interpretation of results. Three themes emerged from the analysis: ‘The language: playing the same game’, referred to the relevance of language providing autonomy and connecting with the new context. ‘The Swedish healthcare system: The disillusion when starting over’, referred to the contrasting perceptions of immigrants in their first interaction with the Vårdcentral, indicating a shock that made them change their health-seeking behaviors. ‘Acculturation is like going on a long pathway’: described the transition of personal thoughts and actions with the healthcare system, which constituted steps in the process of adapting to the Swedish Culture. Acculturation is a complex process that includes encounters with the healthcare system. Interventions, in healthcare, that facilitate immigrants to better adjust to a new society are required in order to ensure the acceptation of attitudes and practices leading to gains in health and well-being.