Este proyecto propone una metodología de gestión de proyectos de TI para la Oficina de Tecnologías de la información del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA usando las buenas prácticas del PMI incluidas en el PMBOK 6TH edición, alineada con los lineamientos de la política de Gobierno Digital, Marco de arquitectura de TI, modelo de gestión de TI IT 4, procesos de contratación y seguridad de la información del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA.

Financia! feasibility is an important component of analysis at the time of make investment decisions, since, through this, it analyzes the financia! benefits that this can generate for its owners, investors or whoever is interested in financing them. The present work intends to present a proposal for improvement in the process in the elaboration of the financia! feasibility of a construction project in the company C&M URBANIZADORA SAS; on the basis of the theory and experience of experts in the construction sector.

The market in the 21st century, has stopped focusing on the manufacture and marketing of goods and services exclusively, today it's not enough to only offer a good quality product that meets the needs of consumers al a fair price; lt is also necessary to promote the growth of intangible assets such as the brand to strengthen revenues and positioning in the market. For this reason it is necessary to make an assessment of the brand and its growth within the companies so that managers perform strategies to benefit the income of their goods and services. Valuing the intangible adequately is a priority for the strategic direction of the companies, which is why this paper seeks to highlight the use of the real options model, which within its calculation does not take subjective variables and is based on financial data. of the company, elements that in other valuation models are not evident due to their dependence on the subjective variables that an intangible has as the brand, which generals a risk of overestimating the final value of the intangible.

In this work, an improvement plan is formulated for the Project Office (PMO) of the National Spectrum Agency (ANE), in order to contribute to the full development (maturity) of the PMO and the promotion of better management practices in the Entity. The methodological process was carried out with the application of the following instruments: 5M method (adjusted), the DOFA matrix and the survey of management practices and project effectiveness. With the information gathered, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out, selecting the variables with the lowest scores and highest correlation coefficients, in order to elaborate an evaluation matrix of prioritized variables, including the five (5) groups of processes as established in the PMBOK Guide (2017), through which the maturity level of the Agency's PMO was identified, Based on this, improvement actions were established for the 20 activities of the variables prioritized by project phase, tools and techniques for planning and management, a proposal for a project governance model and the definition of a type of PMO, in this case control, determined according to the improvement opportunities identified.

The investigation was carried out in order to evaluate from the perspective of the client the quality in the service that the company "Nutrimos y Servi mos" provide to casinos and hospitals of the city of Cartagena. The methodology that was implemented for the investigation was the Servqual model, which bases its evaluation by measuring the difference between perceptions and expectations of the client, this methodology suggests us to examine different variables that are related to the social, cultural and economic context in which develops the activity object of analysis. This research helps to identify shortcomings in the provision of the service that serve as input to formulate a plan for continuous and sustained improvement of the service provided

Ship-source oil spills are amongst the major sources of oil affecting coastal areas. An end-to-end marine oil spill analysis may provide a model to better allocate response resources or prepare contingency plans for highly vulnerable zones. A consequence assessment, a key aspect of this type of analysis which considers economic, social and environmental aspects of a geographic area, is presented in this study as a GIS index tool, which can be applied in the context of Atlantic Canada. A theoretical framework and conceptual model is developed based on a literature review of oil spill state-of-the-art analysis using Exploratory Network Analysis; and tested on a realistic case study (Halifax Harbour, NS). The novel approach for reviewing the literature provided sound criteria for the conceptual model, which fits the end-to-end marine oil spill analysis, segregating elements regarding exposure and oil behaviour. Furthermore, oil spill management indicators were tailored using expertise from Atlantic Canada’s oil spill responders, and many gaps were identified to potentially refine the model later. Finally, this model considers the range of aspects that influence the consequences of a ship-based oil spill, using readily available information and considering relevant stakeholder’s interests.

Insects are essential for the functioning of ecosystems, delivering important ecological functions as nutrient recycling, pest control, pollination, and seed dispersal. Biodiversity increases the multi-functionality and resilience of ecosystems around the world, a valuable effect considering that global change is likely to have an impact on ecosystems globally. In the process of urbanisation, ecosystems are modified and plant and animal communities segregated, affecting biodiversity and thus jeopardising ecosystems in a global scale. Different insect taxa play distinct ecological roles, so assessing how environmental factors associated with urbanisation affect them is relevant for the conservation of biological diversity of cities. The main objective of this research project was to investigate how insect communities are affected by urbanisation, using an integrated multi-taxa and multiscale approach. The research project is divided in two fundamental questions: 1) Are insect communities affected by coarse or fine scale environmental filters? and 2) Are insect´s foraging abilities affected by environmental modification? To address the first question, I sampled four insect taxa (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera) in 19 sites with three levels of environmental modification, and multiple environmental variables associated with urbanisation. For the second question, I used focal plants to sample floral visitors in 19 sites with varying levels of environmental modification, recording the time taken for the focal plant to be discovered by an insect, and the number of insects after 48 hours. My results show that coarse environmental filters affect Hemiptera communities but do not seem to affect Coleoptera, Diptera, or Hymenoptera communities. Fine environmental filters such as proportion of native plants with flowers, site area, and proportion of green space are associated with species richness of coleopteran, dipteran and hymenopteran communities. Floral discoverability was not associated with environmental modification but the number of insects was higher in sites with higher environmental modification. Native floral resources are important for the maintenance of urban biodiversity, thus native plants should be used in urban green. Low species richness of hymenopterans and coleopterans in more urbanised sites indicates the susceptibility of these groups to urbanisation, reflecting what others studies have found in urban contexts worldwide. Environmental modification affects insects’ ability to discover and use floral resources. Where conservation initiatives use floral resource plantings to support biodiversity, environmental modification must be considered, to ensure that target taxa are able to reach the novel resources.

The flood event is a problem that may affect drastically any settlement and can bring dramatic consequences, especially when it is not considered as one of the urbanization dynamics. It is important to reduce floods with measures that can be as simple as self‐preparedness, as well as an integrated long‐term plan. Hence, it is essential to avoid loss of lives taking preventive measures and building a resilience perspective into the population. The present document describes the main concepts that should be taken into consideration to understand the flood risk. Consequently, analyses the current flood risk in Bogota, Colombia and seeks to determine the zones where vulnerable settlements overlay flood hazard areas. Finally, it is examined how flood risk management can be targeted to reduce the risk level and how can the design solutions help to prevent and manage the flood problem within the city. Resumen La inundación es un problema que puede afectar drásticamente cualquier asentamiento y puede traer severas consecuencias, especialmente cuando no se considera como una de las dinámicas de la urbanización. Es importante reducir las inundaciones con medidas que pueden ser tan simples como el autoaprendizaje, así como un plan integrado a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, es esencial evitar la pérdida de vidas tomando medidas preventivas y construyendo una perspectiva de resiliencia en la población. El presente documento describe los conceptos principales que deben tomarse en consideración para comprender el riesgo de inundación. En consecuencia, analiza el riesgo de inundación actual en Bogotá, Colombia y busca determinar las zonas donde los asentamientos vulnerables se sobreponen a las áreas en peligro de inundación. Finalmente, se examina cómo la gestión del riesgo de inundación puede orientarse para reducir sus niveles y cómo las soluciones de diseño pueden ayudar a prevenir y gestionar el problema de inundación dentro de la ciudad.

"Study on the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in alcohol dehydrogenase from thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus. The enzyme was expressed and purified in order to measure steady state rate constants (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑡) for the catalysed reaction of wild type and isotopically labelled enzyme. Five different substrates were employed: 2-Butanol, ethanol, cyclopentanol, acetone and acetaldehyde. KIE was determined using non-competitive method. Rate constants (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑡) were measured via UV spectroscopy by monitoring the linear increase or decrease of the absorbance of the cofactor NADH as a function of time. Estudio del efecto isotópico cinético (EIC) en alcohol deshidrogenasa termofílica de Bacillus stearothermophilus. La enzima se expresó y purificó para luego medir la constante de velocidad de reacción (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑡) para la reacción catalizada de la enzima con y sin marcación isotópica. Cinco diferentes substratos se emplearon:2-Butanol, etanol, ciclopentanol, acetona y acetaldehído. EIC se determinó usando el método no competitivo. Las constantes de velocidad de reacción (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑡) fueron determinadas por medio de espectroscopia-UV monitoreando el incremento o disminución lineal de la absorbancia del cofactor NADH en función del tiempo."

Although the last decades have seen an advance in quality and empowerment for women, there are still numerous challenges to be addressed. Among them, and particularly pressing in cities, are issues of gender-based violence, including sexual harassment in public spaces. Despite the numerous effects street harassment has on women, and the high incidence of it in different countries, this issue has not been broadly studied, and even less so in Global South cities. In this scenario, this study aims to comprehend how women in Bogotá experience sexual harassment in public spaces, specifically focusing on public transport and including vehicles, stations, stops and walking routes to and from their origins or destinations. Focusing on this objective, this study made use of a mixed-method approach, including an online self-completing questionnaire, as well as in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data gathered showed that sexual harassment in public transport – and public space – is widespread in Bogotá, and intersections with age and class play a very important role. Additionally, episodes of sexual harassment are widely underreported, and there is a general perception that reporting is useless, which is supported by accounts of women who have tried to report an incident and have faced several difficulties. Finally, policies proposed so far in Bogotá have been unsuccessful in reducing sexual harassment in public transport and, in many cases, do not tackle the problem. Consequently, a comprehensive set of policies aimed at preventing and reducing sexual harassment in different spaces associated with public transport must be put in place. Aunque en las últimas décadas se ha visto un avance en cuanto a la igualdad y el empoderamiento de las mujeres, aún hay muchos retos por abordar en estos temas. Entre ellos, y especialmente relevantes en las ciudades, están los problemas de violencia de género, incluyendo el acoso sexual en espacios públicos. A pesar de los varios efectos que tiene el acoso callejero en las mujeres, y la alta incidencia de este en distintos países, el tema no se ha estudiado a profundidad, y aún menos en ciudades del mundo en desarrollo. En este escenario, este estudio busca comprender cómo las mujeres en Bogotá experimentan el acoso sexual en los espacios públicos, específicamente enfocándose en el transporte público e incluyendo vehículos, estaciones, paraderos y rutas a pie desde y hacia los orígenes y destinos. Siguiendo este objetivo, el estudio utiliza un enfoque de métodos mixtos, incluyendo una encuesta en línea, así como entrevistas semi-estructuradas en profundidad. La información compilada muestra que el acoso sexual en el transporte público – y el espacio público – es generalizado en Bogotá, y las intersecciones con la edad y clase tienen un rol muy importante. Adicionalmente, los episodios de acoso sexual están ampliamente subreportados, y hay una percepción general de que reportar es inútil, lo cual se refleja en las historias de mujeres que han intentado reportar un incidente y se han enfrentado a múltiples dificultades. Finalmente, las políticas propuestas hasta el momento en Bogotá no han tenido éxito en cuanto a reducir el acoso sexual en el transporte público y, en muchas ocasiones, no abordan el problema. Por lo tanto, es necesario implementar un conjunto completo de políticas que se enfoquen en prevenir y reducir el acoso sexual en los diferentes espacios asociados con el transporte público.