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Imagen de apoyo de Tropical Mudejar: Mosque-type Chapels in Mexico and their role in early Spanish America / Mudejar Tropical: Capillas con plano de mezquita en México y su rol en América Española temprana

Por: Luis Carlos Barragan Castro | Fecha: 01/01/2017

Mudejar Art, the architectural style that emerged in Spain during the Reconquista, is relatively common in Spanish Colonial architecture in America, but it was merely an echo of the contemporary buildings constructed in Spain during the years of the colony. The presence of completely Islamic structures, however, such as the Mosque-type chapels, defy that observation, because the hypostyle plan had not been used in Spain for at least a hundred years. This research compares five chapels built in Mexico during the sixteenth century that follow a hypostyle plan, which resemble mosques in almost every aspect. It also proposes that these Mosque-type churches were a creative solution to accommodate the indigenous population, their patterns of worship and their number during the early years of the colony. These Islamic-inspired designs precede the open-air chapels, which became a common feature in sixteenth century Mexican architecture. An additional transcultural element given by the main users and builders of these chapels enrich the panorama of Mudejar art, mixing Native American religion and culture with an already rich Spanish Mudejar taste.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Legitimating Leviathan: Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant / Legitimando al Leviatán: Hobbes, Rousseau y Kant

Por: David Zuluaga Martínez | Fecha: 01/01/2018

This dissertation offers a comprehensive interpretation of the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant, and highlights some common principles of their theories of state legitimacy. While the respective parts of the dissertation can be read as freestanding monographs, they jointly illustrate the appeal of a specific understanding of the problem of political legitimacy. Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant took legitimacy to be about the right to perform as a state—the right, that is, to be the sole entity authorized to act and speak in the people’s name. Notably, they believed that this right was conceptually independent from the quality of the state’s performance. For these early modern thinkers, legitimacy is a normative property that cannot be ascribed to states merely as a function of the degree to which they exercise their coercive power in accordance with principles of social justice. The distinction between legitimacy and justice as independent dimensions of political evaluation is exegetically illuminating in the context of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant. Furthermore, it is an important philosophical and practical insight in its own right. In this regard, Kant’s political philosophy stands out as a model for constructing a theory of legitimacy that captures the fact that a peaceful, orderly, and law-bound social world—a Rechtsstaat—is an enormous achievement worth protecting despite the injustices with which it can often coexist. Esta disertación plantea una interpretación exhaustiva de la filosofía política de Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau y Emmanuel Kant, y destaca algunos principios comunes sus respectivas teorías de la legitimidad del estado. Si bien cada parte de la disertación puede verse como una monografía independiente sobre el autor de que se trate, juntas ilustran los atractivos conceptuales de una manera puntual de entender el problema de la legitimidad. Hobbes, Rousseau y Kant concebían el problema de la legitimidad como concerniente al derecho de desempeñarse como estado, es decir, el derecho de ser la única entidad autorizada para obrar y hablar en nombre del conjunto de los ciudadanos. Es más, los tres entendían tal derecho como conceptualmente independiente de la calidad del desempeño del estado. Para estos pensadores de la modernidad temprana, la legitimidad es una propiedad normativa que no puede atribuírsele a un estado solamente en función de qué tanto utiliza este su poder coercitivo en pro de los principios de justicia social. La distinción conceptual entre legitimidad y justicia como dimensiones independientes de evaluación de las instituciones políticas tiene importantes implicaciones para la interpretación de Hobbes, Rousseau y Kant. Más allá de eso, es un postulado de gran importancia filosófica y práctica. Visto desde esa perspectiva, el pensamiento político de Kant sobresale como modelo para la construcción de una teoría de la legitimidad del estado capaz de dar la importancia debida al hecho de que un universo social pacífico, ordenado y regido por la ley—un Rechstaat, como él lo llamara—es un logro extraordinario que merece ser cuidado a pesar de las injusticias con las que frecuentemente coexiste.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de La vie comme parcours: les marionnettistes dans le métro parisien. Des groupes en mouvement dans des espaces de circulation

Por: Carlos Martín Carbonell Higuera | Fecha: 01/01/1998

L'expérience dans le métro est le résultat d'un parcours de vie volontairement assumé, où se mêlent les logiques de l'immigration et l'exclusion. L'étranger qui va pour rester, et surtout le sans papiers, arrive dans une situation où il est dépourvu d'éléments pour s'insérer dans le pays d'accueil. Sur le plan social, tous les liens qu'il avait constitués dans son pays de provenance sont absents, sauf les amis et les parents éventuels ou la solidarité d'origine qui peut être un appui dans un moment donné. Malgré tout, le processus pour arriver à se faire une place dans la société réceptrice est longue et n'est pas exempte d'inconvénients. La situation de départ pour l'étranger est, ainsi, une situation de «marginalité». Mais cette perception ne doit pas être prise dans le sens négative d'anomie. La volonté de l'individu qui arrive dans un pays étranger est de chercher des mécanismes ou des formules pour s'intégrer au milieu. «Qu'est-ce qu'il faut faire?» «Où est-ce qu'il faut aller?». Dans plusieurs cas, l'individu n'est pas tout seul, et il peut s'appuyer sur son réseau. Dans des communautés ethniques plus constituées, il trouvera un appui plus fermé. Mais pour ceux qui n'appartiennent pas à un tel groupe, la constitution d'une socialité s'effectue ailleurs, et la recherche de modes de survie est généralement réalisée en dehors des cercles sociaux traditionnels.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Radiographic and ultrasonographic assessment of the distal forelimb in lame horses = Aspectos radiográficos y ultrasonográficos de las regiones que causan claudicación en la porción distal de los miembros torácicos de equinos

Por: Juan José Restrepo Bucheli | Fecha: 01/01/2018

The digits on equine forelimbs withhold a great variability of weight overload, mainly caused by motion. Bones are linked through tendons and ligaments, which receive the greatest loads during the different phases of the stride. Ultrasound has become an important aid on evaluating these structures, since they are highly prone to lesion. To that purpose, we ought to evaluate tendinous and ligamentous lesions associated to distal limb lameness in horses by ultrasonographic examination of the distal limb. Furthermore, we studied the incidence of ungular cartilages ossification through radiographic examination. Tendinous and ligamentous structures were assessed on longitudinal and transversal planes. Colateral ligaments of the distal interfalangeal joints were also evaluated at the dorsal aspect of the limb, over the coronary band of the hoof. Aditionally, transcuneal examinaition was performed following trimming the hoof and levelling the frog. Dorsopalmar radiographs of both forelimbs were taken in order to grade ossification of the ungular cartilages by using the Ruohoniemi scale. Palmar structures such as oblique sesamoidean ligaments (46,66%), straight sesamoidean ligament (53,33%) also presented ultrasonographic signs of disruption. Suprasesamoidean, sesamoidean and infrasesamoidean lessions were observed on the deep digital flexor tendon. There were correspondence between the grade 1 and 3 of the ossification of the ungular cartilages and the desmopathy of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint, characterized by loss of the echographic pattern and the presence of fibrotic or mineralized areas. The desmopathies of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint, does not always have correspondence relationship with the ossification of the ipsilateral ungular cartilage. When the ossification of the cartilages is severe, can disturb the ability to dampen.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Sinthetic cast and transcortical pins to reduce a fracture in the third metacarpal bone in a foal = Yeso sintético y clavos transcorticales para reducir una fractura en el hueso tercer metacarpiano en una potra

Por: Juan José Restrepo Bucheli | Fecha: 01/01/2018

The equines have an appendicular skeleton which has a group of long bones, to develop high speeds, and avoid predators. These bones are targets for traumas and fractures. Their treatment and prognosis are direct influenced by the body weight. The external skeletal fixation is a therapeutic method used in horses for the treatment of third metacarpal / metatarsal bone fractures, and conminuted distal fractures. The external fixation methods mix the use of transcortical pins and a periferic structure, to direct the force to the proximal portion of the fractured region while the limb bears weight, a very important aspect in horses, because they need to bear weight although it exists an osseus injury. With the use of a sinthetic cast, three transcortical smooth pins with 4 mm of diameter, inserted with a range of 15 to 30° on the dorsal/palmar plane of the distal third of the radius, and three transcortical smooth pins of 4,5 mm of diameter, inserted with a range of 15 a 30° on the dorsal/palmar plane of the proximal third of the third metacarpal bone, was reduced a fracture in the proximal portion of the third metacarpal bone. In addition, it compromised the fourth carpal bone and the carpometacarpal joint of the left forelimb of a thoroughbred weanling foal of five months old. The goal of the procedure, was to allow the allignment of the limb and stabilize the joint which has less movement in the carpus. The external fixation was maintained during two months, and then, it was determined the use of the specimen for breeding aims.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de The Orinoco Low-level Jet / La corriente en chorro de bajo nivel del Orinoco

Por: Jorge Giovanni Jiménez Sánchez | Fecha: 01/01/2018

The low-level jet over the Orinoco River basin is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling. The investigation relies on a 5-month-long simulation (November 2013–March 2014) performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, with initial and boundary conditions provided by the Global Forecast System analysis. Dynamical downscaling is demonstrated to be an effective method to better resolve the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the Orinoco low-level jet, not only improving its diurnal and austral-summer evolution, the identification and location of low-level jet streaks inside the stream tube, but also in determining the mechanisms leading to its formation. The Orinoco low-level jet (OLLJ) is found to be a single stream tube over Colombia and Venezuela with wind speeds greater than 8 m s-1, and four distinctive cores varying in height under the influence of sloping terrain. The OLLJ has its maximum monthly mean wind speed (13 m s-1) and largest spatial extent (2100 km × 400 km) in January. The maxima mean wind peeds (13–17 m s-1) in the diurnal cycle occur in the early morning above the nocturnal inversion; wind speeds are a minimum (8–9 m s-1) in the late afternoon when a deep, approximately unstratified boundary layer is present. The momentum balance analysis performed in a streamwise- and crosswise-rotated coordinate system reveal that the OLLJ is the result of four phenomena acting together to accelerate the wind: a sea-breeze penetration over the Orinoco River delta and Unare River depression, katabatic flow down the Coastal Cordillera, three expansion fans from point wakes in topography, and diurnal variation of turbulent diffusivity. La corriente en chorro de bajo nivel sobre la cuenca del río Orinoco es caracterizada, a través de una reducción dinámica de escala, con mayor resolución horizontal, vertical, y temporal que la obtenida en investigaciones previas. El estudio está basado en una simulación de 5 meses (noviembre 2013-marzo 2014) realizada con el modelo de investigación meteorológica y pronóstico WRF-ARW, y con condiciones iniciales y de frontera provenientes de los análisis del sistema de pronóstico global GFS-Analysis. La reducción dinámica de escala demuestra ser un método eficaz para resolver de una mejor manera las características horizontales y verticales de la corriente en chorro de bajo nivel del Orinoco, no sólo mejorando la descripción de su evolución diurna y estacional (verano austral), la identificación y localización de los núcleos de velocidad máxima del viento, sino también en la determinación de los mecanismos que conducen a su formación. Se encontró que la corriente en chorro de bajo nivel del Orinoco (OLLJ) es un tubo de corriente sobre Colombia y Venezuela con velocidades de viento mayores a 8 m s -1 , que tiene cuatro núcleos característicos que varían en altura debido a la influencia de la topografía circundante. En enero, el OLLJ presenta su máxima velocidad media mensual del viento (13 m s -1 ) y mayor extensión espacial (2100 km x 400 km). La máxima velocidad media del viento (13 – 17 m s -1 ) en el ciclo diurno ocurre temprano en la mañana por encima de la inversión nocturna, mientras que la velocidad mínima (8 – 9 m s -1 ) ocurre en la tarde cuando la capa de límite es profunda y aproximadamente neutra (i.e., sin estratificación). El análisis de balance de momento realizado en un sistema de coordenadas orientado en el sentido del flujo (coordenadas naturales), revela que el OLLJ es el resultado de cuatro fenómenos que actúan juntos para acelerar el viento: una penetración de la brisa de mar sobre el delta del río Orinoco y la depresión del río Unare, vientos catabáticos descendientes de la cordillera de la Costa, tres ventiladores de expansión que se desprenden de puntos topográficos, y la variación diurna en la difusión de la turbulencia.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de NEW TIMBRAL DIRECTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY CELLO REPERTOIRE: Analysis of works by Colombian composers from 2000 to 2015

Por: Sergio Andrés Castrillón Arcila | Fecha: 01/01/2019

This work analyses the repertoire for solo cello and cello with electronic media from 2000 to 2015 by Colombian composers, focusing on timbre as the main musical element explored. Nevertheless, a historical view on the European and non-European repertoire is included. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part includes chapters 1, 2, and 3. Chapter 1 classifies the cello playing techniques used in the most well-known pieces and studies the solo cello from the 17th century onwards, emphasising so-called extended playing techniques. Such classification serves as a tool for the further musical analyses in this work and as a foundation for the methodological framework in chapter 2, which discusses the notions of timbral modulation, timbral polyphony, and timbral re-signification. Chapter 3 discusses a new timbral development in the solo cello and cello with electronic media repertoire in the 20th and 21st century. This chapter surveys the crucial historical facts that generated a paradigm shift in the cello repertoire. This includes the emergence of different musical tendencies and the work of pioneer composers and performers. The second part of this study includes chapters 4 and 5, where the solo cello and cello with electronics repertoire from 2000 to 2015 by Colombian composers is analysed. The pieces involved emphasise a new timbral development within the repertoire. To summarise, this thesis emphasises how timbre was one of the elements that bifurcated the cello repertoire in the 20th and 21st century. Furthermore, this study describes how progressive composers and performers have deeply expanded playing techniques and the timbre of the instrument, and the exploration and combination of the medium with apparatus, artefacts, and new instruments into new ways of making music.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Fashioning Femininity: Gender, Dress, and Identity in Nineteenth-Century Colombia = Mujeres y Moda: Género, traje e identidad en la Colombia decimonónica

Por: Laura Liliana Beltrán Rubio | Fecha: 01/01/2016

The nineteenth century was a period of great change for most Latin American nations, which gained independence from a decaying Spanish Empire and saw their birth as republics and engaged in a process of social, political and economic change in the construction of a national identity. In this process, the work of artists and writers was of particular importance, as it was meant to spread around the newborn republics the invented traditions and cultural imaginary upon which a strictly gendered idea of nationhood was to be founded. Negotiating between traditional/colonial and progressive/republican values, writers and artists created a gendered notion of the “ideal Colombian” through their works, and relegated the Colombian woman to the domestic field, the ideal of womanhood being one of pure and submissive virginity. Although such works highlighted certain characteristics of personality, they also emphasized the importance of appearances, of manners, and of fashion/dress. This thesis focuses on the portrayal of femininity through dress: it studies the construction of the ideal Colombian woman through the clothes she wears in two novels, Jorge Isaacs’ María (1867) and Eugenio Díaz Castro’s Manuela (1858), and the watercolors produced by Carmelo Fernández, Henry Price, and Manuel María Paz for the Comisión Corográfica, this work identifies the different ways in which the specific characteristics of the ideal Colombian woman of the nineteenth century are portrayed through dress, as well as the potential opportunities for the subversion of such ideals and the creation of alternative forms of femininity.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Decision analysis in contract type selection for an offshore field development = Análisis de decisión para la selección del tipo de contrato para un desarrollo offshore

Por: Andrés Felipe Medina Ñáñez | Fecha: 01/01/2017

Abstract:Different contract types means different incentives, burdens and relationships. The contract type responsibilities and price should be in accordance with the project needs and organization capacities, not knowing this could entail less project profitability and chances of success. It is necessary to understand the alternatives and how they behave, in order to develop the right strategies to avoid overruns and improve the project quality. The goal of this thesis is to develop a decision analysis model for contract type selection. This model will become a useful tool for contractor and client preferences in an easy and effective way.Decision analysis is a powerful tool that will help us to bring clarity of thought in this process; during this thesis it is described what is a project, its phases, activities and the components that understand it, in the same way it is presented the contract management life cycle. This model attempts to link and evaluate the contract types, differentiators, and the client and contractor preferences in order to quantify the costs and benefits of each type, which could be the best option. One priority of this thesis is to understand the synergetic relationship between contract type, contract management, project management and contract price, in order to take the best decision, increasing the probability to achieve a successful project execution.As application example, a contract type selection for the EPCI (Engineering, Procurement, Construction & Installation) of a topside for a semisubmersible platform is presented.Resumen:Diferentes tipos de contrato significa diferentes incentivos, cargas y relaciones. Las responsabilidades y el precio del tipo de contrato deben estar de acuerdo con las necesidades del proyecto y las capacidades de la organización, sin saber que esto podría implicar una menor rentabilidad del proyecto y posibilidades de éxito. Es necesario comprender las alternativas y la forma en que se comportan, a fin de desarrollar las estrategias correctas para evitar los excesos y mejorar la calidad del proyecto. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un modelo de análisis de decisión para la selección del tipo de contrato. Este modelo se convertirá en una herramienta útil para las preferencias de los contratistas y clientes de una manera fácil y efectiva.El análisis de decisiones es una herramienta poderosa que nos ayudará a tener claridad de pensamiento en este proceso; Durante esta tesis se describe qué es un proyecto, sus fases, actividades y los componentes que lo comprenden, de la misma manera que se presenta el ciclo de vida de gestión de contratos. Este modelo intenta vincular y evaluar los tipos de contrato, los diferenciadores y las preferencias del cliente y del contratista para cuantificar los costos y beneficios de cada tipo, lo que podría ser la mejor opción. Una de las prioridades de esta tesis es comprender la relación sinérgica entre el tipo de contrato, la gestión de contratos, la gestión de proyectos y el precio del contrato, para tomar la mejor decisión, aumentando la probabilidad de lograr una ejecución exitosa del proyecto.Como ejemplo de aplicación, se presenta una selección de tipo de contrato para el EPCI (Ingeniería, Aprovisionamiento, Construcción e Instalación) de un topside para una plataforma semisumergible.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Ingeniería

Imagen de apoyo de Towards a new countryside: economic analysis of the land reform bill in Colombia = Hacia un nuevo campo: análisis económico de reforma agraria en Colombia

Por: Diana Alexandra Buenaños Mena | Fecha: 01/01/2016

Abstract:In the context of the dialogues between the delegations of the Colombian National Government and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejercito del Pueblo (FARC – EP) in order to culminate the internal conflict in Colombia, the parties defined six points to be discussed; one of them was the comprehensive agricultural development. This goal includes topics related to the access and land use, formalization of property rights, development programs with a territorial approach, among others. On September 24, 2014, the parties published a joint draft of this policy called: “The Comprehensive Rural Reform” and according to its joint communication “it contains important transformations to set the foundations for peace and to ensure the non-repetition of the conflict.” The aim of this thesis is analyzed whether the Comprehensive Rural Reform sets the groundwork that positively affects the likelihood and creation of self-organizations with communal associative forms which lead to a sustainable development and management of land in Colombian Countryside to overtake the failures of the property rights system created due to the complex social environment of the country, based on the application of the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) Framework developed by Elinor Ostrom. The study examines the current context of Colombia’s countryside and its problematics. Then, it makes a literature review about the economic approaches (classical and dynamic) of property rights and their expected outcomes regarding communal ownership. Afterward, we present briefly the Socio- Ecological System (SES) Framework, emphasizing those variables that have been identified in field studies as basis to overcome the tragedy of contested access. Lastly, we settle an application of this framework to the Colombian Land Reform Bill and the presentation of our conclusions.Resumen:En el contexto de los diálogos entre las delegaciones del Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo (FARC - EP) para culminar el conflicto interno en Colombia, las partes definieron seis puntos para ser discutidos; uno de ellos fue el desarrollo agrario integral. Este objetivo incluye temas relacionados con el acceso y uso de la tierra, formalización de derechos de propiedad, programas de desarrollo con enfoque territorial, entre otros. El 24 de septiembre de 2014, las partes publicaron un borrador conjunto de esta política llamado ""La Reforma Rural Integral"" y según su comunicación conjunta ""contiene importantes transformaciones para sentar las bases de la paz y garantizar la no repetición del conflicto"".El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar si la Reforma Rural Integral establece las bases que afectan positivamente la probabilidad y la creación de organizaciones asociativas comunitarias que conducen a un desarrollo auto sostenible y de gestión de la tierra en el campo colombiano, como un método para superar los fracasos del sistema de derechos de propiedad en Colombia, debido al complejo entorno social del país, mediante la aplicación del Marco de referencia de los Sistemas Socio-ecológicos (SES) desarrollado por Elinor Ostrom. El estudio examina el contexto actual del campo colombiano y su problemática. Luego, hace una revisión de la literatura sobre los enfoques económicos (clásicos y dinámicos) de los derechos de propiedad y sus resultados esperados con respecto a la propiedad comunal. Posteriormente, se presenta brevemente el Marco del Sistema Socio-Ecológico (SES), enfatizando aquellas variables que han sido identificadas en estudios de campo como base para superar la tragedia del acceso impugnado. Finalmente, se realiza una aplicación de este marco al Proyecto de Reforma Rural Integral en Colombia y se presentan nuestras conclusiones.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros