Abstract: This work presents a study of mixed molybdenum vanadium and tungsten oxides applied to oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE). Different oxides were prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method using oxalic acid as a reducing agent to obtain a crystalline phase of composition (Mo0.52V0.38W0.1)2O5. The materials were studied by XRF, BET, X-ray poder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, IR, UV–Vis, TPR-H2 and XPS spectroscopy. The structure with space group C2/m is closely related to that of R–Nb2O5 with cell parameters a ¼ 1215.1 p.m., b ¼ 374.2 p.m., c ¼ 402.0 p.m., and ? ¼ 90.70. This phase is stable under reaction and active and selective to ethylene in the ODE reaction. Comparison with the literature indicates that R–Nb2O5-type matrices constitute an alternative to Mo5O14-type oxides to control the selectivity of active species in ODE.

Resumen: La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo la candidatura del paisaje salinero a la Lista Indicativa del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, tomando en cuenta diversos referentes de carácter geográfico, histórico y antropológico. Abstract: The present proposal has the objective to nominate the salt landscape to the UNESCO World Heritage Indicative List, taking in account diverse referents of geographic, historic and anthropological character.

Resumen: El presente ""ensayo-paisaje"" hace parte de una investigación cuyo objetivo es identificar alternativas de posdesarrollo relacionadas con el turismo y el patrimonio en zonas periféricas de las grandes ciudades, a partir de una reflexión o diagnóstico etnográfico, antropológico e histórico. Este trabajo, enriquecido con elementos conceptuales de diversa índole, tuvo su escenario en el sector de Cazucá (municipio de Soacha, Colombia), caracterizado por dinámicas de asentamiento producidas por el desplazamiento forzoso, en condiciones extremas de informalidad, marginalidad y criminalidad sociocultural. En este contexto, se plantea una propuesta conceptual que relaciona las nociones del ""Buen Vivir"" y el ""mapa invertido"" con las realidades del entorno local, urbano-regional, nacional y subregional para ofrecer una perspectiva crítica sobre las condiciones en que se deben adelantar las iniciativas del ""Buen Vivir"" en Colombia y las ciudades latinoamericanas. Los resultados de la investigación plantean propuestas para impulsar acciones de turismo de base comunitaria, así como el uso de los recursos vinculados al patrimonio ubicados en sectores poco privilegiados de las áreas metropolitanas, teniendo en cuenta los atributos del paisaje ecológico, cultural y humano. Abstract: This ""essay-landscape"" makes part of a research that attempts to identify postdevelopment options related with tourism and heritage located in peripheral zones of big cities, based in an ethnographic, anthropologic and historic reflection or diagnosis. This fieldwork, enriched with conceptual elements of many sources, had place in Cazucá (township of Soacha, Colombia), characterized by human settlement dynamics produced by forced displacements, in extreme conditions of sociocultural informality, marginality and criminality. In this context, the article presents a conceptual proposal integrating the notions of ""Good Living"" and ""inverse map"" with the realities of the local, urbanregional, national and subregional surrounding to offer a critical perspective about the conditions in which must be accomplished the ""Good Living"" dynamics in Colombia and latinamerican cities. The results of this research present proposals supporting communitary based tourism actions, as well as the use of the resources linked with heritage found in few privileged sectors of metropolitan areas, taking in account the attributes of ecologic, cultural and human landscape.

Resumen: Si bien a lo largo de la existencia humana hemos modificado todos los elementos que componen al horizonte, él siempre ha estado allí. Desde que existe la conciencia humana, siempre lo hemos contemplado. Con el pasar del tiempo nos hemos dado cuenta que está en constante cambio, lo que nos sorprende. Entender al horizonte como un sistema natural vivo, activo y en constante movimiento nos pondrá en camino de asimilar una de sus caras menos exploradas desde la arquitectura. Su autonomía. Este texto se desarrolla en dos grandes partes, la primera muestra a través de ejemplos como el horizonte ha intrigado a la humanidad a través de medios de representación como cartografía, la literatura y la teología. La segunda parte contrapone los mitos relacionados con el horizonte de distintas culturas con proyectos de la arquitectura del paisaje. Estos proyectos indirectamente afirman la vigencia y la pertinencia de entender al horizonte como parte fundamental de la interacción del ser humano con el paisaje. Las actividades de transformación del horizonte son intrínsecas a la identidad de nuestras sociedades, un tema de una pertinencia atemporal y a la cual se debe fijar la mayor atención de nuestros esfuerzos en el marco de la crisis climática contemporánea.

Abstract: Context: Whether due to geopolitical instability, as in Colombia or Venezuela, global warming, or simply tourism, the movement of lowlanders to high altitudes is increasing. This population movement is accompanied by increased symptoms of physiological deconditioning, among which sleep disturbances stand out. In this scenario, napping is a counter measurement for sleep disturbances; however, its benefits or physiological changes at high altitudes have not been explored. Objective: To evaluate the physiological changes during a nap in conditions simulating high altitude. Methods: Randomized, single-blind, three period cross-over pilot study conducted with 15 healthy lowlander subjects (8 women) with a mean (SD) age of 29(6) years. Volunteers underwent an evaluation around a 90 min midday nap, being allocated to a randomized sequence of three conditions: FiO2 21% (NN), FiO2 14.7% (NH15) and 12.5% (NH13). Results: Compared to NN, RR during napping was shortened by 57 and 206 ms under NH15 and NH13 conditions, respectively (p <0.001). Sympathetic predominance was evident by HRV and increased epinephrine levels. Concomitantly, there were significant changes in endocrine parameters such as EPO (~6 UI/L) and cortisol (~100 nmol/L) (NH13 vs. NN, p < 0.001). Cognitive evaluation revealed changes in the color-word Stroop test. Although sleep efficiency was preserved, polysomnography showed lesser N3 and REM sleep, and periodic breathing, predominantly in men. Conclusions: although napping may have metabolic and cognitive benefits, its implementation as a counter measurement in conditions of altitudinal hypoxia should be carefully evaluated as it could increase the occurrence of sleep disturbances with consequences on autonomic, endocrine and respiratory systems. Abstract: Context: Whether due to geopolitical instability, as in Colombia or Venezuela, global warming, or simply tourism, the movement of lowlanders to high altitudes is increasing. This population movement is accompanied by increased symptoms of physiological deconditioning, among which sleep disturbances stand out. In this scenario, napping is a counter measurement for sleep disturbances; however, its benefits or physiological changes at high altitudes have not been explored. Objective: To evaluate the physiological changes during a nap in conditions simulating high altitude. Methods: Randomized, single-blind, three period cross-over pilot study conducted with 15 healthy lowlander subjects (8 women) with a mean (SD) age of 29(6) years. Volunteers underwent an evaluation around a 90 min midday nap, being allocated to a randomized sequence of three conditions: FiO2 21% (NN), FiO2 14.7% (NH15) and 12.5% (NH13). Results: Compared to NN, RR during napping was shortened by 57 and 206 ms under NH15 and NH13 conditions, respectively (p <0.001). Sympathetic predominance was evident by HRV and increased epinephrine levels. Concomitantly, there were significant changes in endocrine parameters such as EPO (~6 UI/L) and cortisol (~100 nmol/L) (NH13 vs. NN, p < 0.001). Cognitive evaluation revealed changes in the color-word Stroop test. Although sleep efficiency was preserved, polysomnography showed lesser N3 and REM sleep, and periodic breathing, predominantly in men. Conclusions: although napping may have metabolic and cognitive benefits, its implementation as a counter measurement in conditions of altitudinal hypoxia should be carefully evaluated as it could increase the occurrence of sleep disturbances with consequences on autonomic, endocrine and respiratory systems. Resumen: Contexto: Ya sea por inestabilidad geopolítica, como ocurre en Colombia o Venezuela, por el calentamiento global, o simplemente por turismo, cada vez el desplazamiento de nativos de bajas alturas hacia las grandes alturas es mayor. Este movimiento poblacional se acompaña de un incremento en síntomas de desacondicionamiento fisiológico dentro de los que destacan las perturbaciones del sueño. En este escenario la siesta aparece como una medida contrarreguladora para las alteraciones del sueño; sin embargo, sus beneficios o cambios fisiológicos en las grandes alturas no ha sido explorado. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios fisiológicos durante una siesta en condiciones que simulan la altura. Metodología: Este fue un estudio piloto aleatorizado, ciego, cruzado llevado a cabo con 15 sujetos nativos de bajas alturas (8 mujeres) con una edad promedio de 29 años (D.E.=6 años). Los voluntarios fueron evaluados fisiológicamente alrededor a una siesta de aproximadamente 90 min, siendo dispuestos en una secuencia aleatoria de tres condiciones: FiO2 de 21% (NN), FiO2 de 14,7% (NH15) y de 12,5% (NH13), con un periodo de reposo entre condiciones de una semana. Resultados: Comparado con NN, los intervalor RR durante la siesta se acortaron significativamente (p < 0,001) en 57 ms (NH15) y 206 ms (NH13). El predominio simpático fue evidente por el análisis de la variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca y los niveles aumentados de adrenalina. Concomitántemente, hubo cambios significativos en parámetros endocrinos tales como al eritropoyetina (~6 UI/L) y cortisol (~100 nmol/L) (NH13 VS. NN, p < 0,001). La evaluación cognitiva mostró cambios en la prueba de Stroop. Adicionalmente, aunque la eficiencia del sueño se preservó, los resultados polisomnográficos mostraron una disminución en el sueño profundo y MOR, y un incremento de respiración periódica, fundamentalmente en hombres. Conclusiones: aunque tomar la siesta pueda tener beneficios metabólicos y cognitivos, su implementación como contrarreguladora en condiciones de hipoxia altitudinal debe ser evaluada cuidadosamente ya que podría incrementar la aparición de perturbaciones del sueño con efectos en los sistemas autónomo, endocrino y respiratorio.

Abstract: Water quality sampling is a key element in tracking water quality monitoring objectives. However, frequencies adapted by different agencies might not be sufficient to provide an accurate indication of water quality status. In this study, data from low- and high-resolution water quality datasets were analyzed to determine the extent to which monitoring objectives could be achieved with different sampling frequencies, with a view to providing recommendations and best practices for water quality monitoring frequency in places with limited resources with which to implement a high-frequency monitoring plan. Water quality data from two watersheds (Maumee River and Raisin River) located in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) were used since these watersheds have consistent records over substantial periods of time, and the water quality data available have a high resolution (at least daily). The water quality constituents analyzed included suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and nitrate + nitrite (NO2+3). Sources of pollutants for watersheds located in the WLEB include contributions from point sources like discharges from sewage treatment plants and non-point sources such as agricultural and urban storm runoff. Weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, and seasonal datasets were created from the original datasets, following different sampling rules based on the day of the week, week of the month, and month of the year. The resulting datasets were then compared to the original dataset to determine how the sampling frequency would affect the results obtained in a water quality assessment when different monitoring objectives are considered. Results indicated that constituents easily transported by water (such as sediments and nutrients) require more than 50 samples/year to provide a small error (< 10%) with a confidence interval of 95%. Monthly and seasonal sampling were found appropriate to report a stream’s prevailing water quality status and statistical properties. However, these resolutions might not be sufficient to capture longterm trends, in which case bi-weekly samples would be preferable. Limitations of lowresolution sampling frequency could be overcome by including rainfall events and random sampling during specific time windows as part of the monitoring plan.

Abstract: Water quality sampling is a key element in tracking water quality monitoring objectives. However, frequencies adapted by different agencies might not be sufficient to provide an accurate indication of water quality status. In this study, data from low- and high-resolution water quality datasets were analyzed to determine the extent to which monitoring objectives could be achieved with different sampling frequencies, with a view to providing recommendations and best practices for water quality monitoring frequency in places with limited resources with which to implement a high-frequency monitoring plan. Water quality data from two watersheds (Maumee River and Raisin River) located in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) were used since these watersheds have consistent records over substantial periods of time, and the water quality data available have a high resolution (at least daily). The water quality constituents analyzed included suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and nitrate + nitrite (NO2+3). Sources of pollutants for watersheds located in the WLEB include contributions from point sources like discharges from sewage treatment plants and non-point sources such as agricultural and urban storm runoff. Weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, and seasonal datasets were created from the original datasets, following different sampling rules based on the day of the week, week of the month, and month of the year. The resulting datasets were then compared to the original dataset to determine how the sampling frequency would affect the results obtained in a water quality assessment when different monitoring objectives are considered. Results indicated that constituents easily transported by water (such as sediments and nutrients) require more than 50 samples/year to provide a small error (< 10%) with a confidence interval of 95%. Monthly and seasonal sampling were found appropriate to report a stream’s prevailing water quality status and statistical properties. However, these resolutions might not be sufficient to capture longterm trends, in which case bi-weekly samples would be preferable. Limitations of lowresolution sampling frequency could be overcome by including rainfall events and random sampling during specific time windows as part of the monitoring plan.

Abstract: The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus approach has emerged as an alternative for managing these resources more efficiently. Work from studies conducted in the FEW nexus in Latin America is scarce in the scholarly literature. This study aims to develop a framework for water management at the FEW Nexus, with a focus on Colombia. The study focuses on a typical mixed land-use watershed in the Andean region with specific objectives being to: (1) characterize the watershed with respect to land use, climate, water resources, and other factors pertinent to the nexus; (2) explore the relationship between factors in the FEW nexus that may affect water management in terms of quality and availability; and (3) propose a methodology for conducting a FEW Nexus analysis for watersheds located in the Andean region. The results indicate that the Pereira/Dosquebradas urban area has a significant impact on the FEW nexus components in the Otun River Watershed (ORW). Subsequently, an urban FEW nexus framework is proposed for its implementation at the watershed.

Abstract: Open Data is defined as digital data that is made available with the technical and legal characteristics necessary to be freely used, reused, and redistributed by anyone, anytime and anywhere. Examples of Open Data can be data on mobility or pollution, which an increasing number of cities are making available to citizens. In education, the novel field of Open Data has the potential of empowering a young generation with digital skills and critical thinking through work with real-life Open Data. However, the scarcity of methods and tools for skills development and insertion into educational designs reduces the possibility of achieving this potential. This study is part of the project ODECO, aimed at addressing challenges in the creation of Open Data ecosystems in several contexts, such as education. A systematic mapping review was conducted to uncover the research connections between Open Data education and educational games. Twenty-eight studies were identified and analysed through iterative searching and including keywords related to Gamification, Open Data and Education. In doing this, relevant themes and novel approaches in the current literature were found. This paper discusses how the fields of Open Data education and educational games methodologically and theoretically contribute to outline a game-based approach for Open Data in education. An Open Data Gamified Education Framework leads to authentic learning experiences for real-world problem solving in relation to eight actions: connecting classroom activities to real facts, empowering students to act with Open Data, supporting technical Open Data skills in the classroom, building literacy and developing skills, enhancing civic participation, creating more realistic and appealing narratives, extending teaching outside the classroom by collecting data in real time and local settings, and increasing engagement and motivation. Resumen: Los Datos Abiertos se definen como datos puestos a disposición con las características técnicas y legales necesarias para ser utilizados, reutilizados y redistribuidos libremente por cualquier persona, en cualquier momento y lugar. En educación, el campo de Datos Abiertos tiene el potencial de empoderar a una generación con habilidades digitales y pensamiento crítico a través del trabajo con Datos Abiertos de la vida real. Sin embargo, la escasez de métodos y herramientas para el desarrollo de competencias y su inserción en los diseños educativos reduce la posibilidad de alcanzar este potencial. Este estudio es parte del proyecto ODECO, cuyo objetivo es abordar los desafíos en la creación de ecosistemas de Datos Abiertos en varios contextos, como la educación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática para descubrir las conexiones de investigación entre la educación de datos abiertos y los juegos educativos. Veintiocho estudios fueron identificados y analizados mediante búsqueda iterativa e incluyendo palabras clave relacionadas con Gamificación, Datos Abiertos y Educación. Por lo cual se encontraron temas relevantes y enfoques novedosos en la literatura actual. Este artículo analiza cómo los campos de Datos Abiertos en educación y los juegos educativos contribuyen metodológica y teóricamente a delinear un enfoque basado en juegos para los Datos Abiertos en educación. Un Marco de Educación Gamificada de Datos Abiertos conduce a experiencias de aprendizaje auténticas para la resolución de problemas del mundo real en relación con ocho acciones: conectando las actividades del aula con hechos reales, capacitando a los estudiantes para actuar con Datos Abiertos, apoyando las habilidades técnicas de Datos Abiertos en el aula, construyendo alfabetización y desarrollando habilidades, mejorando la participación cívica, creando narrativas más realistas y atractivas, extendiendo la enseñanza fuera del aula mediante la recopilación de datos en tiempo real y en entornos locales, y aumentando el compromiso y la motivación.

Resumen: A partir de un estudio empírico se pretende comprobar que, en contraposición a lo que usualmente se considera, la filosofía tiene un enorme potencial de impacto económico. En ese orden de ideas, el capítulo muestra un estudio llevado a cabo con 104,212 estudiantes de programas de licenciatura que presentaron el examen Saber Pro entre 2016-2019 (de los cuales, 2034 pertenecían a una Licenciatura en Filosofía), a fin de establecer si el componente filosófico incide en el desempeño de las pruebas Saber Pro. El estudio utiliza una metodología cuantitativa de carácter cuasiexperimental en la cual se ejecutan análisis de regresión multinivel anidados en taxonomías de modelos. Los resultados muestran que la filosofía incide positivamente en lectura crítica, escritura y competencias ciudadanas, aunque negativamente en razonamiento cuantitativo. El trabajo concluye mostrando la necesidad de abrir más programas de Licenciatura en Filosofía —especialmente en las regiones que carecen de estos— para así mejorar la calidad educativa a nivel nacional.