Appeals are the means of challenge par excellence in matters of law, they become opportunities with which every appellant counts to enlist the shortcomings found in the providence dictated by a certain Judge allowing to be corrected, invoking a new decision or determination as to the final judgment only through specific objections; in this way it is up to the higher body to review whether the error found is truthfully caused by any harm to any of the parties that is mandatory to repair, it is important to note that there must be consistency between the appeal and the challenged providence, if not, the appeal will be without object; its function is to minimize judicial error and remedy the grievance caused to any citizen. The appeal is manifested as the most effective way for the parties to object when it has been incurred in violation of rights or an order in a proceeding, it can be brought directly, i.e. only to file or in subsidy of the appeal replenishment; any recurring person shall have the procedural capacity to appeal and also exercise compliance with the terms established by law, giving rise to the opportunity for the party to grant the appeal; it is thus identified as a condition that the judgment or decision to be appealed may allow the appeal to be brought. In view of the fact that the judge's panoramic jurisdiction was eliminated in that appeal, the support hearing for the appellant has become fundamental, presenting itself as the opportunity given to the party, where it can expressly state the parameters disagree with, in order to give the judge a broad chance to better review and analyze the case. In my personal contribution I consider that this elimination causes negative consequences because the judge is limited to the objections supported by the appellant, losing competence in the points not mentioned by the appellant, so the judge after carrying out the analysis of the specific case, avizore shortcomings or errors in the decision and therefore can no longer remedy them.

The General Code of the Process, applicable to the processes known by the Ordinary Jurisdiction in civil, commercial, family and agricultural matters, contemplated the use of information and communication technologies, data messages and e-mail in the procedural action. lt also established the legal basis for the implementation of the judicial file and the electronic judicial process in Colombia. Taking into account that context and from the collection and analysis of different standards, doctrine, jurisprudence, diagnoses, reports, etc., related to the implementation of orality, as well as with the modernization and improvement of the quality of the administration service of justice, the investigation was oriented to determine the applicability of the data message and email in the procedural action as well as the progress made in the implementation of new technologies in judicial activity. As a result, it established that the data message is a computer tool whose application takes place through different data bases, systems, platforms, etc., which have been gradually implemented according to the availabi lity of the necessary technical conditions, and of which, only sorne are currently in operation.

The motivation of the judicial sentences is an institution through which a State is legitimized through its judges, and in Colombia it is part of the right to due process. Although it seems to have a clear and general concept, there is no clear consensus on the doctrine, law and jurisprudence on it However, it is mostly pointed out that the motivation corresponds to the correct justification of the decision. Now, in Colombia there is the possibility of resorting to the actior of guardianship to challenge judicial decisions for undue motivation of the sentences, therefore it was necessary to make this study to establish through a doctrinal study of the concept of motivation, its application in the jurisprudence that resolves guardianships against judicial orders. This review shows that not only can the motivation for justification be valid, but it must be reasoned, rational and based on logic and legal argumentation, which allows for an epistemic process of the decision structure.

Los contratos de concesión de infraestructura son realmente acuerdos que implican una importante inversión para las partes involucradas. además de que representan una gran complejidad en términos técnicos y financieros, razón por la que incluyen cláusulas en las que se establecen los mecanismos para la solución de conflictos; uno de estos mecanismos es la amigable composición. La presente investigación plantea como meta principal la elaboración de medidas propuestas para ser adoptadas en los contratos de concesión a fin de mejorar la eficacia de la amigable composición en la solución de controversias. Para lograr el objetivo formulado, se aplicó una metodología acorde con la naturaleza del objeto de estudio, basada en la hermenéutica como método y en la revisión documental como técnica de recolección de información. La investigación aborda el análisis del mecanismo de la amigable composición desde los ámbitos legal, doctrinal y jurisprudencia! como una forma de aclarar el alcance de los amigables componedores en el caso de la resolución de controversias en los contratos de concesión vial. El marco de información revisado permitió identificar y analizar las razones por las cuales permanece la tendencia a preferir el arbitraje en la resolución de controversias. Se finaliza con la propuesta de una medida que podría contrarrestar los posibles efectos de la escogencia de este mecanismo como medida alterna para la eventual solución de conflictos entre las partes.

Se aborda el tema de las notificaciones desde dos ópticas la primera de ellas, desde la perspectiva de la Convención de la Haya de 1965, que establece el procedimiento para hacer notificaciones en el exterior analizadas paralelamente con las disposiciones del artículo 291 de CGP, cuyo análisis refleja una antinomia parcial en la aplicación de estas disposiciones al continuar el proceso dentro del territorio nacional con el CGP. Así mismo, se analiza algunos ejemplos del derecho comparado de cómo es abordado el tema de las notificaciones en el exterior específicamente el caso México, Argentina, República Domínica. De igual manera, se hace un recuento de como incursiona la notificación electrónica en la legislación nacional y se finaliza el análisis de validez de la notificaciones en la ley 1564 de 2012 y la ley 1437 de 2011.

The purpose of this monograph aims to identify the treatment of the sanitability of nullities in Colombia, despite the fact that it is indicated that they are insatiable. This is based on the determination of the theoretical basis and historical background of procedural nullities; in turn, the procedural effects of sanitary and insaneable nullities are identified within the framework of Law 1564 of 2012; likewise, the procedural effects of nullities against the principie of procedural economy are established; and finally, the effects of the position taken by the Constitutional Court in Judgment C-537 of 2016 about the restoration of nullities are indicated.

El saneamiento de la falsa tradición bajo los lineamientos de la Ley 1561 de 2012, se analiza a partir del registro público inmobiliario, para establecer vulneraciones a la tutela judicial efectiva, en instancia judicial y administrativa, en relación a inmuebles rurales. Se estudia el valor probatorio del certificado especial, resaltándose el certificado negativo expuesto en la sentencia T-383 de 2000 de la Corte Constitucional, el cual también fue afectado por el Decreto 578 de 2018. Se parte para tal efecto, de una diferenciación entre la inexistencia plena de antecedentes registra les de los predios, y el nacimiento jurídico en falsa tradición, exponiendo la principal jurisprudencia surgida desde la sentencia T-488 de 2014 de la Corte Constitucional. La tutela judicial efectiva se vio desde el derecho de acceso al proceso y a su desarrollo, el derecho a obtener una sentencia de fondo, y el derecho a la ejecución y cumplimiento de esta, todo esto, frente al juzgado de conocimiento y la oficina de registro de instrumentos públicos respectiva.