This paper combines fiscal income at the municipality (equivalent to US-county) level as a proxy for economic performance with yearly data on eradication effort variables during 6 years in Colombia to measure fiscal revenue losses due to the policy of eradication of illicit crops. Using fixed-effects as well as GMM estimators, this article provides evidence suggesting a decrease of nearly one minimum wage in tax collection per person every year, on average, in Colombian municipalities, due to the coca spraying policy.

El ombuds es un tercero que ayuda a las personas que hacen parte de una organización en la resolución de sus conflictos, preocupaciones y preguntas. Este artículo busca promover la literatura en español y la institución del ombuds en empresas, universidades, entidades públicas, entre otras entidades en Latinoamérica. En este documento se presenta el concepto del ombuds, su origen, se diferencia el ombuds organizacional del defensor del pueblo, se exponen algunas limitaciones de la palabra en español, se describe al ombudsperson, sus funciones y qué tipos de situaciones atiende.

On the basis of Colombia´s National Development Plan – NDP (2010-2014), this paper assesses whether the idea of an environmentally responsible mining is leading to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) in Colombia’s Large-scale mining sector. From a political ecology perspective, the literature review discusses the concept of responsibility in the context of environmental governance. Beyond the EU and OECD jurisdictions, this represents a useful theoretical approach to consider EPI as a principle, its institutional features and the main challenges to enable policy learning between different stakeholders. Complemented with primary and secondary data, the proposed assessment is performed. Conclusions and policy implications suggest that Colombia´s NDP represents a valuable platform setting the main institutional factors for EPI, despite the existence of major barriers impeding to advance in a long and challenging policy-learning process.

This article aims to perform a comparative analysis of several publications on a particular topic: The Soviet and Russian Military-Industrial Complex. It examines the results of different surveys and, specifically, addresses how several authors have studied the social phenomena. Moreover, it analyses the methods that they used to develop useful discernments with limited documental resources. Finally, it offers conclusions about the common findings and the possible application of such methods on future research.

Concessional agreements have been to many developing countries the keystone to reach development. Since the middle twentieth century up to now roads, water - wastewater systems, electricity’s generation and distribution have been operated under arrangements that foster the private sector participation. Concessional agreements seem to be an advantageous feature of project finance for a country as a whole and perhaps that is why governments have mostly opted for this option. The foregoing sum up to developing world problems, as lack of own recourses to build, operate or maintain infrastructure and inexperience of public sector in these affairs, have arisen the utilization of concessional agreements. Developing countries use to follow the models pre-established by developed countries embracing either slightly or substantial changes in the schemes. Concessions have not been the exception. The questions then, rise from two sides. From the developed countries view it is appropriate to inquire: Did concessional agreements contributed to third world countries development? Are they still been utilized? If so, what made them work? What failed? On the other hand we should ask ourselves: Have developing countries followed carefully the third world concessional schemes? Have they settled new schemes? What were developing countries’ purposes when establishing concessional agreement schemes as public policies? Have those schemes worked or not? What is the landscape in a developed country such as Germmany and in a developing country such as Colombia? A concessional agreement as a project finance´s feature depends heavily on its preparation. Structuring phase plays a major role to reach success. Project finance is a matter of risk. Implementation of concessional agreements is as well a matter of risk. Parties assume their own project responsibility and therefore they relay in the project risks allocation. Risks allocation is the first mitigation measure. A proper structuration supposes an accurate allocation of risks and a better performance of each party. This research as of an appraisal between the role of infrastructure concessions in developed and developing countries, and has as a purpose to make a comparison between both schemes regarding the management of infrastructure concessions in their structuring phase paying special attention in the risks allocation and mitigation. The foregoing study would focus in Germany and Colombia´s scenarios principally, but using as reference other cases in specific issues, if necessary.

This essay aims to analyse the First Chechen War (1994-1996) as a fundamental conflict that boosted the resentments between the parties. Although it is not an extensive compilation, it aims to summarise the main elements around the onset of the war by collecting the main ideas published by the academic community. First, it will describe the origins of the conflict, including elements and situations that affected the dynamics of the war. Second, it will analyse why this case should be considered as a civil war by discussing its characteristics. Third, it will summarise some relevant theories of how civil wars start. Fourth, it will analyse the First Chechen War in light of the civil war onset theories provided. Finally, insights will be offered for future discussion on the topic.

El programa "Bogotá contada" invita a escritores de diferentes países a que estén unos días en la ciudad, la recorran, la investiguen y participen en algunas actividades de promoción de lectura en bibliotecas, instituciones, librerías y universidades. Luego cada uno de ellos entrega un texto que se recopila anualmente en un volumen de Bogotá contada. En esta primera edición 12 autores extranjeros y 3 autores colombianos escribieron sobre la ciudad que conocieron en el año 2013

Los desajustes sociales generados por la transformación de los modelos de vínculo social a través del empleo obligan a revisar los presupuestos sobre los que se fundaba. Auque la incertidumbre es el término que mejor expresa la situación actual, la educación social no puede renunciar a pensar cómo promover nuevos escenarios de futuro en los que habitar. El presente libro recorre los principales conceptos que definen el papel histórico del trabajo como institución en la construcción del vínculo social. Esta revisión permite entender la situación en la que nos encontramos y pensar en una contradicción...

La idea de escribir un libro sobre cómo podemos utilizar y aplicar las historias de vida en la educación social se sustenta en la visión que los autores tenemos de esta técnica. Una visión que hunde sus raíces en nuestra formación antropológica y en nuestra experiencia práctica en contextos de acción socioeducativa. Pero también, y muy especialmente, en nuestra reflexión compartida de los nexos que unen a ambas disciplinas. El uso de las historias de vida en el ámbito de la educación social no es una propuesta nueva. Si lo es poder disponer de una obra enfocada a las metodologías y a las técnicas biográficas. Este libro intenta recoger y ordenar algunos de los saberes fruto de distintas experiencias prácticas.

La atención centrada en la persona se usa en las definiciones de la misión, la visión y en los objetivos de muchas organizaciones; sin embargo, no siempre lo que subyace tras la retórica es lo que más se refleja en la práctica. Este libro aporta nuevas definiciones de las ideas más importantes que sostienen la atención centrada en la persona para su implementación y desarrollo.Dawn Brooker explica las cuatro áreas clave de la ACP y sus indicadores, de los que se compone el modelo VIPS creado por la autora: (V) valorar a las personas y a sus cuidadores; (I) tratar a las personas como individuos; (P) tomar la perspectiva de la persona con demencia, y (S) desarrollar un entorno social positivo en el que la persona con demencia pueda experimentar el mejor bienestar posible.Esta versión en español, ha sido revisada y ampliada, en colaboración con la autora, por Elena Fernández y Josep Vila de Alzheimer Catalunya Fundació.