El presente documento tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta académica que integra el modelo de práctica reflexiva en los cursos de formación de mediadores/conciliadores. La práctica reflexiva es un modelo que ilustra e invita a pensar, preparar, aplicar y desarrollar las habilidades de los operadores de la resolución de conflictos a través de la reflexión. Primero, se describe el modelo de práctica reflexiva; segundo, se analizan tres currículos de capacitación de mediadores/conciliadores y, seguidamente se ofrece una propuesta que integra la práctica reflexiva en la formación de los operadores de la mediación/conciliación. Finalmente, se mencionan algunas conclusiones.

Los aeropuertos son uno de los componentes más importantes de la infraestructura física de un país, ya que a través de ellos aterrizan y despegan aeronaves que pueden movilizar importantes volúmenes de pasajeros y carga. Sin embargo, la construcción de éstos requiere tener en cuenta una serie de factores ambientales, económicos, territoriales y sociales que tienen gran influencia sobre el entorno en el cual se desarrollan. En este trabajo se expone el estado actual de los aeropuertos del Caribe, su impacto económico y ambiental en la región y se presenta una revisión el flujo de pasajeros y carga de los últimos años. Por último, se estima la elasticidad de la demanda por transporte aéreo respecto de los pasajeros nacionales que viajan desde y hacia el Caribe respecto al PIB de las capitales de la región.

The international development arena has been transformed in the last two decades. On the one hand, NGOs have become more market oriented, both in terms of their business models and in terms of their approach. On the other hand, private actors have also become more socially engaged, and advances in technology and communications have brought new opportunities for market sector actors to create social impacts. The result has been an increasing trend of social enterprises (SEs), hybrid organisations created for a social purpose but participating actively in the market for their subsistence. This paper examines the differences between traditional NGOs, funded mainly by government grants and donations, and these new actors that rely primarily on market-based income. Furthermore, this study tries to examine how Dutch NGOs and SEs are creating links between activities focused on market building and actual participation in markets, a challenge that Helmsing and Knorringa identified in 2008. To do this, 21 SEs were interviewed and another 16 NGOs were studied on the basis of interviews (5) and their annual reports, strategy papers and official websites. We find that there are three ways in which NGOs and SEs are successfully “bridging the gap” between market building and market participation: i) through official partnerships, ii) individually by tapping market and non-market sources of funding, using new technologies and leveraging from new forms of private philanthropy, and iii) by selling specialized “market building” services that guarantee an active participation of the private sector. Furthermore, the ability of SEs to engage in market building activities and of NGOs to participate in the market depends largely on their origins and the business models and financial strategies that they adopt.

This research project is focused on bioprospecting activities in Colombia. As its main objectives, the research will describe and compare nature and biodiversity constructions among different social actors, analyse education and participation processes in three regions where bioprospecting research has been conducted taking into account benefit sharing, intellectual property rights and genetic access; and finally, identify knowledge and technology transfer of biopropespecting research in the three regions under study. Content analysis of media and documents along with ethnography will be conducted as research methods.

The benefit-effort analysis methodology was designed as a decision making tool in the provision of water and sanitation in rural communities in developing countries. This is an innovative approach that evaluates environmental projects during the complete project life cycle. The methodology provides a framework that incorporates social, political, economic, technical and ecological aspects which are essential to identify good solutions for the provision of water and sanitation in rural and isolated communities. It is based on the knowledge of experts that are recognized by their know-how in the specific topic and in the validation with local communities that can easily participate by providing personal opinions and suggestions. The methodology makes evident both, benefits and efforts during the complete project life cycle, in order to minimize or maximize them and to improve the decision making process guiding the identification of the best sustainable result.

This dissertation aims to make an evaluation of the relationship between development and climate change mitigation policies within developmental states, specifically a comparison between China and Brazil. Developmental states are those countries focused on obtaining economic growth through developmentally driven policies. Traditionally, climate change mitigation and environmental protection have been seen as obstacles to development. However, as climate change is a global issue which requires domestic response, countries are required to act locally in order to mitigate carbon emissions into the atmosphere and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. Developing countries, such as China and Brazil, are heavily dependent on carbon consumption to promote development and economic growth. For this reason, international pressure has been focused on these countries to reduce CO2 emissions, threatening their future development. Furthermore, it examines Brazil and China’s climate policies in light of developmental state guidance. So far what has been found is that climate policies have been relevant to the same extent as they contribute to economic growth and social development. China has envisioned the clean energy industry as a business opportunity capable of generating new jobs and exporting technology. Interests mainly focused on other issues independent to those of climate variability mitigation. Brazil, on the other hand, has relied on the promotion of biofuels as an alternative industry to the use of oil. By adopting ethanol and biodiesel as substitutes for fossil fuels, the government has been able to promote the country’s economic development and position itself as the world’s main producer. Similar to China, mitigation actions are generally implemented as long as there are other interests involved. Furthermore, when there is conflict of interests with environmental policies in both countries, they have acted as developmental states, prioritising development over policies of climate mitigation.Adrian Leftwich’s developmental state model was published in the early 1990s, to further address Chalmers Johnson’s interpretation of the Japanese economic miracle. Nonetheless, Leftwich’s characterisation of developmental states was thought to define a model exclusive to the Asia-Pacific region. This dissertation will apply Leftwich’s model, by adapting it to contemporary China and Brazil, two countries deliberately excluded from the developmental state model, but who now days represent the political context that Leftwich had in mind. In addition, the developmental state model allows a broader interpretation to the current policies implemented by the above mentioned countries, specifically on climate change related issues.

Por la cual se acoge el acta de seleccion de evaluadores de contenido para la convocatoria Leer es mi Cuento 2012 y se fija el reconocimiento por los servicios prestados

Ley que Instituye el 23 de Junio de Cada ao Dia del Padre Nicaraguense

Ley de Declaracion del Pop Wuj Como Patrimonio Nacional de la Nacion

La sociedad del siglo XXI se encuentra inmersa en procesos de cambios económicos, políticos, sociales, científicos y tecnológicos. Existen nuevas formas de pensar, de producir y de relacionarse. Hoy se habla de una “cultura tecno-científica”, se acepta el lenguaje de la ciencia, sus procesos de producción y sus métodos. Es dentro de estos lineamientos, que resulta imprescindible la formación de ciudadanos científica y tecnológicamente alfabetizados (Fourez, 1997), para que puedan alcanzar una cultura científica básica, capaz de posibilitar su inserción en la sociedad del conocimiento.Este es el motivo de fondo por el que, en los últimos tiempos, y desde perspectivas diferentes, científicos sensibles y humanistas comprometidos están dando tanta importancia a la indagación de lo que podría ser una tercera cultura.Sin cultura científica no hay posibilidad de intervención razonable en el debate público actual sobre la mayoría de las cuestiones que de verdad importan a la comunidad de la que formamos parte. Esto se debe a que, como se ha dicho tantas veces, la ciencia es ya parte sustancial de nuestras vidas. Un importante número de las discusiones públicas, ético-políticas o ético-jurídicas, ahora relevantes, suponen y requieren cierto conocimiento del estado del arte de una o de varias ciencias naturales.