Este libro es una invitación para todos aquellos que quieren o necesitan escribir ensayos. El lector encontrará en él una guía para ejecutar paso a paso la escritura de un ensayo desde el proceso de planeación hasta la edición final, con especial atención en la escritura argumentativa. Consta de siete capítulos: la historia, los tipos de ensayos, la argumentación, el estilo y el manejo de la bibliografía. Es un apoyo para los escritores principiantes, estudiantes y docentes que quieran incluir el ensayo como herramienta pedagógica.

Este libro estudia la labor que desempeña el voluntariado en la sociedad contemporánea. La autora analiza la influencia que ejercen la educación, las experiencias personales y las redes sociales en la instrucción de los voluntariados actuales. Asimismo, reivindica la necesidad de recuperar valores como la humanidad, la solidaridad y el sentido de la justicia. Dichos valores no solo redundan en la creación de mejores ciudadanos, sino también en la formación de mejores profesionales, comprometidos con los retos del mundo en el que les ha tocado vivir. Patricia Soler Javaloy es doctora en Sociología...

En Justicia y paz, ¿Verdad judicial o verdad histórica?, veremos ese lugar de la memoria que es Justicia y Paz desbordado internamente por la complejidad de una historia que el sistema poco a poco aprende a captar. En medio de los inevitables desfases entre la historia y la justicia, trataremos de ver qué sentidos se producen en relación con el pasado violento de nuestro país. En cualquier caso, en la medida en que el Grupo de Memoria Histórica hace parte de un dispositivo de justicia transicional, este trabajo tiene como premisa normativa la preferencia por la perspectiva y por la defensa de los derechos de las víctimas. En ese sentido, somos parte en un mecanismo extra-judicial de justicia transicional que evalúa un mecanismo judicial de justicia transicional. Si bien no hacemos verdad judicial, la nuestra tampoco es, hablando de manera estricta, verdad histórica en el sentido científíco-social y disciplinar del término. La nuestra, como la judicial, es, finalmente, verdad al servicio de la justicia. A medio camino entre la pura afirmación normativa y la mera descripción empírica, hemos construido una sinuosa vía que, esperamos, contribuya a hacer más fuertes nuestras opciones éticas y políticas y haga al mismo tiempo más inteligibles nuestros problemas y aceptables nuestros métodos.

This dissertation aims to make an evaluation of the relationship between development and climate change mitigation policies within developmental states, specifically a comparison between China and Brazil. Developmental states are those countries focused on obtaining economic growth through developmentally driven policies. Traditionally, climate change mitigation and environmental protection have been seen as obstacles to development. However, as climate change is a global issue which requires domestic response, countries are required to act locally in order to mitigate carbon emissions into the atmosphere and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. Developing countries, such as China and Brazil, are heavily dependent on carbon consumption to promote development and economic growth. For this reason, international pressure has been focused on these countries to reduce CO2 emissions, threatening their future development. Furthermore, it examines Brazil and China’s climate policies in light of developmental state guidance. So far what has been found is that climate policies have been relevant to the same extent as they contribute to economic growth and social development. China has envisioned the clean energy industry as a business opportunity capable of generating new jobs and exporting technology. Interests mainly focused on other issues independent to those of climate variability mitigation. Brazil, on the other hand, has relied on the promotion of biofuels as an alternative industry to the use of oil. By adopting ethanol and biodiesel as substitutes for fossil fuels, the government has been able to promote the country’s economic development and position itself as the world’s main producer. Similar to China, mitigation actions are generally implemented as long as there are other interests involved. Furthermore, when there is conflict of interests with environmental policies in both countries, they have acted as developmental states, prioritising development over policies of climate mitigation.Adrian Leftwich’s developmental state model was published in the early 1990s, to further address Chalmers Johnson’s interpretation of the Japanese economic miracle. Nonetheless, Leftwich’s characterisation of developmental states was thought to define a model exclusive to the Asia-Pacific region. This dissertation will apply Leftwich’s model, by adapting it to contemporary China and Brazil, two countries deliberately excluded from the developmental state model, but who now days represent the political context that Leftwich had in mind. In addition, the developmental state model allows a broader interpretation to the current policies implemented by the above mentioned countries, specifically on climate change related issues.

The international development arena has been transformed in the last two decades. On the one hand, NGOs have become more market oriented, both in terms of their business models and in terms of their approach. On the other hand, private actors have also become more socially engaged, and advances in technology and communications have brought new opportunities for market sector actors to create social impacts. The result has been an increasing trend of social enterprises (SEs), hybrid organisations created for a social purpose but participating actively in the market for their subsistence. This paper examines the differences between traditional NGOs, funded mainly by government grants and donations, and these new actors that rely primarily on market-based income. Furthermore, this study tries to examine how Dutch NGOs and SEs are creating links between activities focused on market building and actual participation in markets, a challenge that Helmsing and Knorringa identified in 2008. To do this, 21 SEs were interviewed and another 16 NGOs were studied on the basis of interviews (5) and their annual reports, strategy papers and official websites. We find that there are three ways in which NGOs and SEs are successfully “bridging the gap” between market building and market participation: i) through official partnerships, ii) individually by tapping market and non-market sources of funding, using new technologies and leveraging from new forms of private philanthropy, and iii) by selling specialized “market building” services that guarantee an active participation of the private sector. Furthermore, the ability of SEs to engage in market building activities and of NGOs to participate in the market depends largely on their origins and the business models and financial strategies that they adopt.

The benefit-effort analysis methodology was designed as a decision making tool in the provision of water and sanitation in rural communities in developing countries. This is an innovative approach that evaluates environmental projects during the complete project life cycle. The methodology provides a framework that incorporates social, political, economic, technical and ecological aspects which are essential to identify good solutions for the provision of water and sanitation in rural and isolated communities. It is based on the knowledge of experts that are recognized by their know-how in the specific topic and in the validation with local communities that can easily participate by providing personal opinions and suggestions. The methodology makes evident both, benefits and efforts during the complete project life cycle, in order to minimize or maximize them and to improve the decision making process guiding the identification of the best sustainable result.

This research project is focused on bioprospecting activities in Colombia. As its main objectives, the research will describe and compare nature and biodiversity constructions among different social actors, analyse education and participation processes in three regions where bioprospecting research has been conducted taking into account benefit sharing, intellectual property rights and genetic access; and finally, identify knowledge and technology transfer of biopropespecting research in the three regions under study. Content analysis of media and documents along with ethnography will be conducted as research methods.

El libro que tienes ahora en tus manos, Historia Universal Contemporánea, está pensado para que te adentres en los principales acontecimientos que ha vivido la humanidad a partir de la aparición del Imperialismo a finales del siglo XIX y hasta los procesos históricos más actuales en el entorno mundial. Temas como la formación y desintegración de los imperios coloniales, la primera y la segunda Guerras Mundiales, la aparición del primer Estado socialista, los problemas de la Guerra Fría, la conformación del Tercer Mundo, la caída del bloque socialista, el surgimiento de un mundo unipolar, los conflictos de Medio Oriente, la globalización económica, la adopción del modelo neoliberal, las protestas de jóvenes, de mujeres y de grupos minoritarios que se rebelan ante su realidad en busca de un mundo mejor, se tratan a lo largo de las páginas):

El presente libro de Ética y valores II pretende brindar una visión estructurada, ordenada y accesible de la ética y de la vida moral, así coo presentar orientaciones, criterios o elementos de juicio, a partir de los cuales se lobre su aplicación en situaciones diversas de la vida cotidiana, que sirva para hacer reflexionar al estudiante y le permita adquirir conocimientos útiles para su futuro. Esta obra tiene como finalidad propiciar la capacidad de transferir o aplicar de manera integrada y oportuna determinados conocimientos, habilidaedes y actitudes en la solución de problemas de tipo moral que se le presentan al joven en su vida cotidiana. Los recursos didácticos que se incluyen en la obra favorecen el aspecto actitudinal de los estudiantes, lo cual se aspira lograr por medio de diálogos grupales, opiniones sobre problemas relevantes, pronunciamientos ante circunstancias complejas, respeto y tolerancia frente a opiniones distintas y contrarías.Confiamos en que esta obra sea una herramienta útil y eficaz y que al mismo tiempo contribuya al aprendizaje y conocimiento de esta ciencia

El presente libro de Ética y Valores I que ahora presentamos a la consideración de los docentes y estudiantes de la asignatura, tiene la intención de brindar una visión estructurada, ordenada y accesible de la ética y de la vida moral, así como orientaciones, criterios o elementos de juicio, a partir de los cuales se logre su aplicación a situaciones diversas de la vida, que sirva para hacer reflexionar al estudiante y le permita adquirir conocimientos útiles para su futuro.