Reconocer los esfuerzos de la cooperación científica internacional, la aguda investigación y el apoyo financiero de los Estados que han permitido el desarrollo de varias vacunas seguras y eficaces contra la Covid-19 en un tiempo récord es de vital importancia. Con el desarrollo que ha tenido la pandemia ocasionada por dicho virus, se espera que una vacuna —elaborada teniendo en cuenta la importancia de no comprometer la seguridad de ninguna persona en el mundo, y siguiendo los protocolos y directrices internacionales aceptadas por las respectivas autoridades sanitarias—, sea una forma de mitigar los efectos negativos que ha traído esta en la sociedad. Este documento presenta una traducción no oficial de la Declaración sobre la vacunación universal asequible contra la covid-19, la cooperación internacional y la propiedad intelectual elaborada por Dejusticia con el fin de difundir un documento, considerado de relevancia pública, que contribuye a informar y educar sobre un tema coyuntural. Además, permite llamar la atención a los Estados, quienes deben ser conscientes de la obligación que tienen para cooperar en la adquisición de las vacunas y el acceso a estas por parte de todas las personas del mundo. Descripción tomada de https://www.dejusticia.org/publication/traduccion-no-oficial-de-la-declaracion-sobre-la-vacunacion-universal-asequible-contra-la-covid-19/

Presentamos una Declaración del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales para que los Estados adopten medidas contra la Covid-19 basadas en los derechos humanos. Se espera que una vacuna segura y efectiva reduzca los riesgos que la COVID-19 plantea para la salud y la vida, permitiendo, al mismo tiempo, el levantamiento progresivo de algunas de las medidas restrictivas que han sido necesarias para hacer frente a la propagación del virus. También ayudará a recuperarse de los graves efectos negativos que estas medidas han tenido en el disfrute de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, especialmente de las poblaciones más desfavorecidas y marginadas. Si bien esta declaración se refiere esencialmente al acceso equitativo y universal a las vacunas para COVID-19, el Comité considera que sus principales consideraciones son pertinentes, con los cambios necesarios, en relación con las obligaciones de los Estados de garantizar también el acceso universal y equitativo al tratamiento para la COVID-19. Esta traducción fue elaborada por Dejusticia con el fin de contribuir a la difusión de un documento que consideramos de relevancia pública. No es una traducción oficial de Naciones Unidas. Todos los errores son nuestros. Descripción tomada de https://www.dejusticia.org/publication/declaracion-sobre-el-acceso-universal-y-equitativo-a-las-vacunas-contra-la-covid-19/

Abstract: This paper analyzes some of the consequences that a perspective of economic growth based on the domain of what is usually called ""natural resources"" has for the Amazon Region and its socio-biodiversity. Through a critical analysis of academic literature and recent journalistic articles, it aims to contextualize the Amazon region and its importance for the planet, as well as show the scope of the deforestation problem and point out some of its consequences. In contrast to the ""exploitation of nature"" promoted by the capitalist system, which only benefits a minority of human beings to the detriment of a majority of other beings -human and non-human-and their environments, the worldview of Good Living developed by the Andean-Amazonian peoples and the decolonial perspective are highlighted. Good Living defends the need to respect all forms of life. Thus, it constitutes a possibility of establishing another relationship between all living beings and their environments and, as a consequence, an attempt to avoid the destruction of what remains of the Amazon rainforest and the possible appearance of other pandemics such as COVID-19 in that region. Resumen: Este artículo analiza algunas de las consecuencias que una perspectiva de crecimiento económico, por medio del dominio de lo que se suele denominar “recursos naturales”, tiene para la región amazónica y para su sociobiodiversidad. Desde un análisis crítico de literatura académica y de artículos periodísticos recientes, se pretende contextualizar la región amazónica y su importancia para el planeta, así como mostrar el alcance del problema de la deforestación y señalar algunas de sus consecuencias. Como contrapunto a la “explotación de la naturaleza” promovida por el sistema capitalista, que solo beneficia a una minoría de seres humanos en detrimento de una mayoría de otros seres –humanos y no humanos–y de sus ambientes, se destacan la cosmovisión del Buen Vivir desarrollada por los pueblos andino-amazónicos y la perspectiva decolonial. El Buen Vivir defiende la necesidad de respetar todas las formas de vida. Así, constituye una posibilidad de establecer otra relación entre todos los seres vivos y sus ambientes y, como consecuencia, un intento de evitar la destrucción de lo que queda de la selva amazónica y la posible aparición de otras pandemias similares a la de COVID-19 en esa región.

The inspiration behind this dissertation research derives from a simple, yet complex question, what makes the materiality of the computer screen you are reading this text different from the nearest wall or window you can look at? Is it the material? its connectivity? The size, or its volume? Are the sole attributes granted to a computer screen, a tablet, cell phone screen or any mobile and digital device that enable you to read this text, any different from to the plaster, paint, or any other material that surrounds you? The application of new technologies has been slow and underdeveloped in construction. In simple terms, building elements and materials have been considered as raw material or a tradeable commodity, but their potential to comprise Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis is still unexplored, and it’s their data emitting potential what will ultimately make them more valuable. Advances on the internet have enabled the invention of a IoT connected technologies, all of which have evolved thanks to the miniaturisation of devices, but these have not been included in the built components of construction. The Covid-19 Pandemic has placed a great burden over the way in which buildings are occupied, operated and maintained, but crisis provide opportunities, and the global problem seemed to evidence the profound obsolescence and fragility of our built infrastructure and is in the light of this events that could be a turning point for the adoption and development of these technological solutions. This dissertation will revise the existent literature review, extract the clues for the elements and frameworks from the studied authors who used IoT solutions and applications and from that knowledge, conduct a survey to obtain responses and explore in what ways, to apply these parameters as a set of problems or challenges, which will need to be assessed, in the reopening of office facilities and venues to mitigate the impact of Covid-19.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to quantitatively estimate the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus inside the train carriage and to develop a simulation for the model based on the passenger demand for calculating the risk associated with origin-destination. The transmission rate of the virus in train carriage was analyzed using trip data from Pakenham Station to Flinders Street Station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the modified Wells-Riley model.

Abstract: Since the covid-19 pandemic, the ECB has conducted different measures in order to counter its harmful economic effects. The most notorious one is the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). This paper aims at studying the impact of the PEPP announcement and its subsequent extension on the Eurozone corporate bond market. Using market data from Eikon and employing a difference-in-difference design, we find that the PEPP was successful in increasing prices and liquidity of eligible bonds. Nonetheless, in the medium term (after the second envelope extension) the impact of the programme on these bonds relative to the ineligible ones diminishes. Therefore, the results seem to indicate the existence of indirect effects, the idea of portfolio rebalancing mechanisms triggered by the PEPP release gives a possible explanation to these effects.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how prison systems in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It explores the challenges these institutions face, the actions taken, the beneficiaries from such measures, and their immediate effect. We argue that governments and prison authorities struggle to put in place comprehensive measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 within these institutions and that more concrete and swift actions are needed to address the magnitude and the consequences of the pandemic. This paper uses both primary and secondary data to describe the current prison situation and analyze institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries.

Abstract: As online classes became the norm in many countries as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the concern for child and adolescent mental health became an issue of concern. This study evaluates the differences in the psychosocial status of school children based on engagement in in-person or Emergency Remote Education (ERE) and assessed the prevalence and predictors of symptom-derived risk levels for anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Cross-sectional data were collected from students at a Florida K-12 school and their household members through an online survey conducted in October 2020 (n = 145). No significant difference was found between ERE and in-person learning for risk of anxiety, depression, or OCD. Prevalence of students presenting as at risk for anxiety, depression, and OCD was 42.1%, 44.8%, and 41.4%. Several student factors (e.g., child sex, school level) and parental factors (e.g., parental COVID-19 attitudes) were associated with students presenting as at risk for anxiety, depression, or OCD; child’s participation in sports was protective against all three outcomes. Participation in sports was found to be protective against risk of anxiety (aOR = 0.36, CI = 0.14–0.93), depression (aOR = 0.38, CI = 0.15–0.93), and OCD (aOR = 0.31, CI = 0.11–0.85). Resumen: A medida que las clases en línea se convirtieron en la norma en muchos países como respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, la preocupación por la salud mental de niños y adolescentes se convirtió en un tema de preocupación. Este estudio evalúa las diferencias en el estado psicosocial de los niños en edad escolar con base en la participación en la Educación Remota de Emergencia o en persona (ERE) y evaluó la prevalencia y los predictores de los niveles de riesgo derivados de los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos (TOC). Se recopilaron datos transversales de estudiantes en una escuela K-12 de Florida y los miembros de su hogar a través de una encuesta en línea realizada en octubre de 2020 (n = 145). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el ERE y el aprendizaje en persona para el riesgo de ansiedad, depresión u TOC. La prevalencia de estudiantes con riesgo de ansiedad, depresión y TOC fue 42,1%, 44,8% y 41,4%. Varios factores de los estudiantes (p. ej., sexo del niño, nivel escolar) y factores de los padres (p. ej., Las actitudes de los padres ante el COVID-19) se asociaron con estudiantes que presentaban riesgo de ansiedad, depresión u TOC; La participación de los niños en los deportes protegía a los tres resultados. Se encontró que la participación en deportes protege contra el riesgo de ansiedad (ORa = 0,36, IC = 0,14-0,93), depresión (ORa = 0,38, IC = 0,15-0,93) y TOC (ORa = 0,31, IC = 0,11-0,85).

Abstract: Stochastic time series methods for load forecasting are the traditional methods used by electric power companies [1] because they can model seasonal and stochastic behavior of the load [2]. A load time series has patterns that repeat at different time scales such as daily, weekly or yearly. These patterns indicate that load can be predicted and the shortest seasonality component has the highest effect on the forecast. There might be conditions in which load is in different time resolutions, has a different amount of missing data or is under special events such as COVID-19 pandemic. Load forecasting methods should be able to perform well under these circumstances. On the other hand, neural networks are a wide research topic, they can learn [3] and have low forecasting errors [4]. In this work we explain the main characteristics of load demand in time, load forecasting and we compare stochas-tic time series methods with neural networks for load forecasting in terms of the error with respect to the real load. Resumen: Los métodos de series de tiempo estocásticos para pronósticos de carga son los métodos tradicionales usados por compañías de energía eléctrica [1] porque pueden modelar el comportamiento estocástico y estacional de la carga [2]. Una serie de tiempo de carga tiene patrones que se repiten en diferentes escalas de tiempo como diaria, semanal o anual. Estos patrones indican que la carga puede ser predicha y que el componente de estacionalidad más corto tiene el efecto más grande en el pronóstico. Pude que haya condiciones en las cuales la carga este en diferentes resoluciones de tiempo, tenga una diferente cantidad de datos faltantes o este bajo eventos especiales como la pandemia COVID-19. Los métodos de pronóstico de carga deberían ser capaces de llevarse a cabo bien bajo estas circunstancias. Por otra parte, las redes neuronales son un tema de investigación amplio, ellas pueden aprender [3] y tienen errores de pronóstico bajos [4]. En este trabajo explicamos las principales características de la demanda de carga en el tiempo, pronósticos de carga y comparamos métodos de serie de tiempo estocásticos con redes neuronales para pronósticos de carga en términos del error con respecto a la carga real. [1] H. Wang, B.-S. Li, X.-Y. Han, D.-L. Wang and H. Jin, "Study of Neural Networks for Electric Power Load Forecasting," Third International Symposium on Neural Networks - Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 1277-1283, 2006. [2] K. Berk, Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Demand, Siegen: Springer Spektrum, 2015. [3] H. Alfares and N. Mohammad, "Electric load forecasting: Literature survey and classification of methods," International Journal of Systems Science - IJSySc. 33, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 23-34, 2002. [4] M. Singh and R. Maini, "Various Electricity Load Forecasting Techniques with Pros and Cons," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), vol. 8, pp. 220-229, 2020.

Abstract: Latin America continued to experience social, economic and political turmoil in 2021. The vulnerabilities set by preexisting conditions such as persistent inequality, a high level of labour force participation in the informal economy, and exclusionary social protection systems have been exacerbated by recent health and humanitarian crises that are unprecedented in the region’s modern history. These crises have significantly affected socioeconomic indicators, reflected in the increased levels of vulnerability and poverty, combined with stagnant economic growth. Public sector responses have been made but have been insufficient to cushion the effect of these multiple crises and, in many cases, have revealed the extent of governments’ fiscal conservatism that limited the role of the state in providing adequate support to its citizens. The chapter explores efforts to tackle the effects of compounded deprivation in terms of spatial segregation, a pervasively high informal labour force, gendered and racialized vulnerabilities and the education crisis, and explores the options that governments in the region face in terms of reversing the adverse effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, while sustaining the economic recovery. In a context of polarized political participation, discontent will inevitably lead to contention and, in some cases, instability and violence, if the governments choose to ignore the need for a socially just recovery.