El Metropolitan Museum of Art, el Met, abrió sus puertas al público el 20 de febrero de 1872 y ha tenido una compleja historia dentro del mundo del arte, llegando a ser de los museos más grandes del mundo. Hablamos con Ana y Maritza de A.eRe.Te para descifrar esta historia y traerla al presente.

En la tercera parte del especial de robos históricos les contamos cómo fue robada la Mona Lisa de Leonardo Da Vinci el 21 de agosto de 1911. Nos preguntamos por qué este hecho es importante en la historia y qué tiene que ver con nosotros hoy.

En el mes de octubre diferentes grupos de activistas en la lucha contra el cambio climático atacaron destacadas obras de arte para llamar la atención sobre el calentamiento global. ¿cuales han sido las razones? ¿que obras de arte fueron atacadas? ¿cuales otras obras de arte han sufrido ataques históricamente? Sobre estos temas y más hablaremos en este episodio.

La dramaturgia y el teatro en Colombia están ligados al nombre de Santiago García. Pintor, actor y director de arte dramático. Su trayectoria profesional estuvo marcada por personajes como el director japonés Seki Sano.

The cities are composed by a series of complex networks of relationships that shape an urban fabric based on the social condition developing around the territory. The urbanism that rules most human establishments today, can be clearly differentiated by the conditions in which the inhabitants have appropriated the spaces that constitute the urban centers. In the case of the city of Bogotá, the contrasting territory is notorious. The capital district stands as the largest urban center in the country, which has a great historical, economic, and social burden and yet stands out strongly for its anti-value of urban deterioration. Within the rest of the city, some sectors coexist despite of being on undergoing process of deterioration because of urbanistic and social reasons that determined the spatialization of the crime and marginal dynamics. This issue has spread and become more complex over time. The areas called “ollas”, remind the city the consequences of oblivion and indifference toward broken zones, and at the same time, set an opportunity to transform the urban environment through architectural actions. “Ollas” urban phenomenon in the city of Bogotá, intends to analyze the cases known as “ollas” in the Colombian capital scenario, understanding these urban decay cases from an abstract concept applied to an area of high complexity where spatial, institutional and social factors converge and result in a built territory inhabited by vulnerable populations isolated from legality and conventional city dynamics; the above, with the aim of generating an urban and architectural proposal in the character of a model of acting based on the analysis of causes and effects of the entire system.

Resumen: A través de la investigación en un barrio de Estambul y sus transformaciones físicas y sociales se plantea un proyecto que parte de la lectura del entorno construido. El entendimiento del mismo y de su valor arquitectónico (el valor de la no-arquitectura) genera un diálogo entre lo propuesto y lo existente. El edificio resultante sirve de marco para dar un nuevo significado a aquello que está ahí pero pasa desapercibido, transformando algo común en algo inusual. El objeto arquitectónico se convierte en una exploración en sí mismo, e intenta generar nuevas relaciones espaciales, retando convenciones establecidas por la arquitectura. El proyecto explora nuevas maneras en las que pueden habitarse y apropiarse tanto los espacios exteriores como interiores del edificio, un poco más cercanas a la forma en la que puede ocurrir en la arquitectura espontánea e informal de ciudades como Estambul. Abstract: Through the research of a neighborhood in Istanbul and its physical and social transformations, a project is proposed from the reading of the built environment. Its understanding and its architectural value (the value of the non-architecture) produces a dialog between what is proposed and the existent. The resulting building works as a frame to give a new meaning to what is already there but isn’t seen, making the common, uncommon. The architectural object becomes an exploration within itself and tries to generate new spatial relations, which challenge the conventions established by architecture. The project explores new ways in which both the exterior and interior spaces can be appropriated, closer to what can happen in the informal or spontaneous architecture of cities like Istanbul.

Abstract: “How can we say that a river is a thing when its constitutive elements, water molecules, keep changing and will be found here, elsewhere in the river…We should see ourselves not as things, perhaps, but as processes. The common-sense definition of individuals as things, and even of things in general, seems, after all, to be illusory, the result of a naïve perception of the world.” (Hillier, 2007). This research is developed from the premise that urban rivers are ecological structures that distinguish a territory, accentuating the socio-spatial differentiation of river cities along their continuum. Therefore, this study aims to describe the relationship between urban rivers and the morphological inequality at their edges. By inequality, this study refers to the spatial distribution of resources and opportunities for accessibility to them in relation to the population in a territory. It also measures the degree of spatial division and separation communities have among themselves to strengthen their sociocultural fabric. Some of these communities are segregated from urban centres’ social and active integration, which may be associated with spatial aspects that accentuate a poor integration with the social structure. Explosive population growth, the concentration of poverty, unemployment, forced displacement, and limited opportunities for access to educational and cultural recreational facilities and public space are some of the consequences of this socio-spatial segregation evident in communities around the world and constituting significant targets of the global urban agenda. For river cities, it is commonly associated that the dividing structure of rivers highlights such socio-spatial consequences. In many cases, due to accessibility of public services and resources across the length of this natural structure or even to the unplanned extension of the urban grid at scoping the river edges. Therefore, the result of such socio-spatial differentiation can be described in this study as spatial inequality in urban rivers, as it relates the physical aspect of rivers to the unequal social configuration along them. That is, how rivers as natural structures allow reading societies’ evolution and development processes in their territories. In order to address the term spatial inequality, this study attempts to distinguish between unequal and inequitable urban spaces. The former refers to the spatial morphological differences of the urban space and what it can offer within its physical-spatial and social possibilities. The second seeks to balance social needs by understanding its spatial morphological differences and physicalspatial conditions. Under this theoretical basis, this study sets out first to describe the spatial syntactic characteristics that comprise urban rivers. Secondly, to articulate the socioeconomic characteristics mapped within the urban rivers’ riparian area. This is in order to obtain a socio-spatial coding of inequality in urban rivers. Accordingly, the goal of this dissertation is first to open a critical query about the strength of urban river inequalities, as well as to display a socio-spatial configurational analysis of urban rivers that can enlighten the unequal diversification that these networks provide to the city. The findings of this study aim to frame morphological differences in urban rivers as the natural process of societies’ movement along them and comprehend that by strengthening differences and diversity, it is possible to approach more socially and spatially equitable cities.

Abstract: The mountain and inland areas of the Italian peninsula offer forms of rural life deeply rooted in their topographic conformation. At the same time, today they are characterized by dynamics of strong marginalization, processes established starting from the economic boom after the Second World War, and which have not yet been reversed. The Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, and the specific case of Monte Cimone, are structured through a constellation of towns, villages, small hamlets, and borgate which for centuries have constituted their social-cultural, regional, and national backbone. The Apennines today would not exist, or they would remain a mere memory if the horizontal connections present between the plain and the mountain belt were missing. The underlying question during the entire research was: in these fragile contexts, what can and what should be the role of landscape architecture? And how can the physical design of a place be the means for the consolidation of sociocultural and economic dynamics capable of bringing out positive and sustainable development trends? In this sense, the thesis path tries to configure plausible possibilities in which communities support the landscape, and at the same time how the landscape can support the communities. The structure of the thesis brings out how it was developed. The composition started with the chapter Fragile Mountains, which includes the literature studied to support the research. Continuing, there is the Cartographic framework, which consists of the graphic designs developed for understanding the area under study and refers to the numerous site visits carried out over the last year through the construction of a photographic atlas. Then, the project definition of Communities supporting Landscape is developed, which contains the explanation of the project proposal defined through two pilot projects: Socio-Cultural Infrastructures and Re-Inhabited Heritage. Through the recognition and enhancement of the existing, the thesis project elaborates on the basic conditions for the consolidation of the habitability and infrastructure of the landscape of Monte Cimone. A research approach based on sustainable territorial regeneration is recognized. The developed scenario makes specific reference to the cooperative mountain community, a place for socio-cultural innovations. The intentions declared in the pilot projects answer in terms of the offer of services and new job opportunities. The strategies and motivations materialize in a punctual landscape project. The work carried out wants to be perceived as a starting point, research capable of generating indirect positive effects, both in the academic panorama and on the reference mountain communities.

Abstract: This project follows the complete development process of a sustainable building which intend to optimize the natural and built conditions, to merge the architecture with the sustainability; applied to the renovation of the BUILDING H in Palogrande Campus, Universidad Nacional de Colombia in the city of Manizales. Along this work the author put in practice the different methods of analysis and problem solution learned in the Politecnico di Milano, which are oriented to create a user experience focused in the current necessity of saving energy, having at simple sight the building spaces, systems, elements and components which will work to carry out this purpose, being the building use an interactive process between the users and the sustainability. A holistic approach leads the present project, starting from a general analysis of the physical, environmental, historical and social context at country, city, university and campus scale; the urban analysis considers the campus and its surrounding area, yet the design has been limited to the campus area; the architectural design follows the physical and social necessities and is connected with the sustainable strategies which intend to create an comfort environment with a low energy consumption; the details of the systems, elements and components are presented, as well as the structure analysis. Photographs, plans, schemes and renders illustrate the process and result. All the solutions proposed are ecofriendly oriented and expect to be a reference for future studies and design projects in another cities and functions.

Abstract: This research aims to identify a transformative model to regenerate the first-cycle school buildings in the post-pandemic city. Starting from the school infrastructure in Turin and compared with international cases, the research focuses on outdoor spaces, intended as a resource to face the pandemic’s critical situation and facilitate the integration of innovative learning processes. The two-step analysis findings concentrate firstly on the whole stock of first-cycle school buildings in Turin and secondly on a selection of representative cases. Those are the basis to propose a spatial toolkit that identifies design principles and architectural devices that could be generalized to other design contexts. Based on this theoretical and statistical work, the intervention is conducted in three schools in Turin, an experiment that follows a morphological and typological study as the base for identifying the transformative potential of the outdoor spaces. As a result, it has been possible to create the first spatial toolkit that summarises and conceptualizes design tools that could be put in action on school open spaces. Those strategies must improve the quality of the available space for a possible regeneration and new relations between the city and the school buildings, giving children the opportunity to have innovative outdoor learning activities and practical classes. Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar un modelo transformador para regenerar los edificios escolares de primer ciclo en la ciudad postpandemia. Partiendo de la infraestructura escolar de Turín y en comparación con casos internacionales, la investigación se centra en los espacios al aire libre, pensados como un recurso para enfrentar la situación crítica de la pandemia y facilitar la integración de procesos de aprendizaje innovadores. Los resultados del análisis en dos pasos se concentran, en primer lugar, en todo el stock de edificios escolares de primer ciclo en Turín y, en segundo lugar, en una selección de casos representativos. Esas son la base para proponer un conjunto de herramientas espaciales que identifica principios de diseño y dispositivos arquitectónicos que podrían generalizarse a otros contextos de diseño. Sobre la base de este trabajo teórico y estadístico, la intervención se lleva a cabo en tres escuelas de Turín, un experimento que sigue un estudio morfológico y tipológico como base para identificar el potencial transformador de los espacios al aire libre. Como resultado, ha sido posible crear el primer kit de herramientas espaciales que resume y conceptualiza las herramientas de diseño que podrían ponerse en práctica en los espacios abiertos de la escuela. Esas estrategias deben mejorar la calidad del espacio disponible para una posible regeneración y nuevas relaciones entre la ciudad y los edificios escolares, brindando a los niños la oportunidad de tener actividades innovadoras de aprendizaje al aire libre y clases prácticas.