Organic semiconductors are used in many fields of photonics. Displays fabricated using organic light emitting diodes (OLED) can be found in modern smartphones and tablets, whereas organic solar cells (OPV - organic photovoltaics) are emerging with demonstrated efficiencies above 10%. Organic photodetectors (OPD) are another very interesting domain, with ultrathin active layers (order of tens of nanometers) providing performance comparable to bulk inorganic devices. Thanks to a multitude of possible compounds, parameters such as response spectrum, cut-off wavelength etc. can be easily tuned. Because of very high absorption coefficient and low refractive index, issues such as crosstalk or reflection can be minimized. Another exciting feature is the low processing temperature and thus feasibility of using a flexible foil as substrate, leading to rollable or curved photodetector arrays.The performance of organic based photodetectors has grown considerably in the recent years in terms of high speed, high frequency response and detectivity so as to match the required custom specifications for practical applications such as imaging. However, further attention needs to go towards the understanding of the effects of scaling during miniaturization of these devices, while looking for the preservation and/or optimization of their opto-electrical properties. Therefore, in this thesis, emphasis is given on the photodetectors based on organic conjugated polymer materials for imaging applications. These organic photodetector devices normally suffer from a perimeter-to-area dark current density scaling, hence, special attention is on the understanding of this scaling effect as well as optimization of the fabrication process in order to get low leakage (dark) current, and therefore, large dynamic range of the OPDs. Photodetectors with different geometries and sizes from 0.08 cm2 down to 1.95E ?5 cm2 were fabricated, using two types of edge cover layer. Isolated islands of two different organic films were patterned with photolithography in order to study the dark current mechanisms. Electrical, optical and morphological properties were characterized for both patterned and non-patterned devices. The patterning process used to fabricate the isolated devices does not affect the optoelectrical and morphological characteristics of the photodetectors, and therefore their performance. Moreover, it does not induce or accelerate degradation of the organic films. The dark current density further decreases after full patterning is performed, while preserving all device characteristics. It is proposed to replace the semitransparent edge cover layer by the opaque, if thicker films can be achieved, as it might be possible to decrease the contribution of the perimeter leakage. Once the patterning process is performed, it is possible to implement these isolated devices as photodetectors arrays for imaging applications with an Ion/Ioff ratio of 6 orders of magnitude. It is proposed to perform a theoretical study of the dark current mechanism at the interface between the polymer and the metallic contact edges to model and simulate the perimeter recombination at reverse bias conditions. Moreover, further measurements such as electroluminescent and spectroscopy might aid to characterize the carrier transport in the OPDs. The project was aimed within the R&D department of large area electronics. Moreover, all the fabrication and characterization were performed in the facilities of IMEC.

Waste management is one of the growing problems in many highly populated cities around the world, and the amount of strategies designed to solve it has changed during the last decade. It passed from land filing to incineration and mechanical biotechnology; this quick change was partially induced by the threat that garbage is for the environment, and later on by the acceleration of climate change, since the public services industry was bound to comply with the emissions reduction targets. The newest technologies are being applied in Europe and North America, giving them a new way to face their waste issues. However, the industrialized States are not the only ones with these concerns, in the developing countries, it is a matter that is becoming an structural problem, because of the population growth and the dynamics of the capitalist practice; moreover, it is difficult to solve due to low budget or lack of knowledge on the topic. In Bogotá D.C, waste management became one of the most controversial topics due to the many problems presented during the implementation of the Zero-Waste program and the past administrative issues with the Landfill Doña Juana that led to many health and land predicaments for the population. As a consequence, this dissertation seeks to create a new strategy to fix the gaps of the original policy, by designing five time-limited specific objectives, a reform to the segregation strategy and proposing the construction Anaerobic Digestion plant as the best solution for the sustainable control of bio-waste. Therefore, this work will show throughout all the chapters the background of the waste management system, the new strategies to be taken into account by the local administration, the advantages of the AD technology and the possible financing channels for the renovation of the Basuras- Cero Policy. All the information above will be use to conclude, that for the case of Bogotá D.C, the use of bio-waste as a new energy source will strengthen the recycling industry (with the establishment of a better segregation system and the construction of and AD plant) reduce the amount of waste sent to Landfill and decrease GHG emissions; and even though it is a small step, it can become the foundation for fixing some weaknesses of the economic system and some social mores.

“Los cuentos de Clara Llano son como una fábrica de atardeceres que se fugan. Así como tienen paisajes perturbadores, también están llenos de ese algo que dejamos de ser cuando crecimos. Clara se ha tomado el trabajo de recordar por todos la torpe manera en que nos hicimos adultos sin darnos cuenta.” Cristian Valencia

Esta novela nos presenta una historia ambientada en la década del 1950 en un barrio de Cartagena. Nos muestra la realidad, aún contemporánea, de las barriadas pobres que habitan las periferias colombianas.

Es una novela que reune quinientos años de historia de millones de seres humanos, nativos o descendientes de África, que fueron esclavisados en América. Es un dolido, digno y libertario poema que reconstruye sus sufrimientos, luchas, derrotas, triunfos y alegrías en el difícil recorrido, que aún no termina, por alcanzar a plenitud la libertad, la dignidad, la igualdad y el reconocimiento de su condición humana.

En 1952, Manuel Zapata Olivella viajó a la República Popular China para participar en el Primer Congreso de la Paz de los Pueblos de Asia y del Pacífico en Pekín. En su recorrido auscultó vidas y sentires de sus pobladores, lo dejó consignado en su ameno estilo de cronista en este libro.

En los cincuenta y tres relatos de Cielo de cardamomo están presentes la brisa, la oscuridad, la poesía, la música, inquietudes sobre el clima, la cuántica, y una mujer que llueve porque está triste. Después de Los umbrales del delirio, la autora, sacando palabras de lo más profundo de su lado romántico, poniendo su pasión en palabras, enfrentando sus tormentas personales, dice de estos textos que son andróginos, que no son poemas ni prosa, son ambas cosas.

Silvia trabaja en una tienda de jeans; Marcela es estudiante de administración; Erika, ejecutiva de una compañía de bolsa; Indira y Tamara divierten clientes en Barbarie, un bar de salsa en Medellín. No tienen nada en común, pero algo o alguien las sigue. La muerte, la búsqueda del amor, el pasado y el futuro se confunden en un presente difuso. Quien narra no sabe quién es, sabe quién fue. Por alguna razón está atado a estas mujeres y, si quiere comprender el misterio, no tiene más remedio que nutrirse de sus experiencias, de gozar en la sombra con sus afectos. A ratos alguna se detiene y cree sentir que alguien la sigue, una sensación apenas, pero lo suficientemente fuerte para no pasar desapercibida. Marcela, la estudiante, es una psíquica oculta que tiene repetidos sueños con Caronte y el inframundo, y en ellos el barquero siempre dice la misma adivinanza: "El que adivine el nombre del barquero podrá elegir la orilla que más le convenga; el que tenga el nombre del barquero tendrá que sustituirme y esperar que otro llegue y lo releve de igual manera". Ella no quiere morir y está dispuesta a todo para comprender este presagio. Es a través de ella que el narrador recuerda su pasado, y a través de las demás que comprende la causalidad en la vida. Cinco mujeres es una novela que, dentro de los ritmos de Eros y Tánatos, se vale de Hipnos para tejer una encrucijada.

El día en que su hermano le contó que la Tierra era redonda como una naranja, Juanita aprendió a pensar. Desde la curiosidad de sus cinco años comienza a narrar, con la chispa de un juego de niños, el mundo que la rodea. Cuando aprendí a pensar, publicado por primera vez en 1962, convirtió a Pilarica Alvear Sanín en una promesa de la literatura colombiana. Más de cincuenta años después se reedita esta obra que, en palabras de su autora, es un libro de chiquitos escrito para grandes.

Esta obra, publicada en 1961, agrupa diez cuentos, donde la la muerte y la libertad son una presencia central para uno o varios de los personajes; son los dos ejes temáticos que centran su estructura narrativa.