Climate change, environmental legislation and binding targets for renewable energy, alongside an increased focus on the economic benefits of energy and fuel conservation, are driving the adoption of new technologies as sources of energy. With these dynamics, it is evident that waste heat recovery technologies can play a key role in reducing in reducing indirectly the CO2 footprint of existing fossil power generation and achievement of renewable energy targets. Since the recovered heat is effectively ‘free of charge’, there is a direct positive impact on the energy costs to the end user. This project aims to implement a Organic Rankine Cycle system in a Petrochemical plant, in this case a Low density Polyethylene Plant because is generated hug quantities of heat waste in the polymerization reaction during 8000 hours/year. Also is evaluated the Technical and economical advantages in order to check the feasibility of the implementation of Organic Rankine Cycle System in a Petrochemical Plant. The impact of this Project could give a good guide of the feasibility of the implement ORC system in Industrial process, because the most projects launched with this Technology have been usually used in Geothermal Applications.

Discrete function integration is achieved at the package level with a variety of packaging solutions, mainly package on package. In this paper we review mainstream package on package technology offerings and compare them against improved versions of these packages where advances in materials properties and processing techniques are leveraged to meet increasingly tighter overall package thickness requirements while maintaining or improving the reliability, yield and cost effectiveness metrics set by the existing technologies. Different avenues to achieve very thin POP and system-in-a-package constructions are explored in detail, showing the implications in terms of material properties, new or improved processing steps and design trade-offs. Similarly, we show examples where these new techniques have been used successfully to achieve the stricter thickness targets and to prove that these technologies are ready to be applied and leveraged immediately for functionality integration without requiring extended development times or completely new processing methodologies.

Wastewater treatment technologies suitable for serving large populations are generally reliable and reasonably cost-effective, yet they are almost always financially inappropriate for small communities (,2,000 p.e.). Comparative cost data suggests that waste stabilization ponds should be an attractive option for small communities, yet perceptions relating to land costs, climate and effluent quality have limited their application in the UK. This paper details typical UK land costs, climate and winter performance data for apilot-scale waste stabilization pond with various upgrading technologies: system A, two tertiary maturationponds in series; B, two tertiary maturation ponds in series followed by a reed bed channel; C, a control rockfilter; D, an aerated rock filter; and E, a constructed wetland. System D was found to perform best, closely followed by system B.

In this work a tertiary horizontal-flow blast furnace slag (BFS) filter was tested for phosphorus removal under laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a bench-scale BFS filter for phosphorus adsorption capacity at equilibrium conditions using P-spiked water. On-site, the performance of a pilot-scale BFS filter was monitored for phosphorus removal from the final effluent of a pilot-scale WSP system located in Esholt (Bradford, UK), which comprises a primary facultative pond and a secondary aerated rock filter (ARF) in series. Adsorption capacity (q) results showed that BFS has high affinity for inorganic P species and it can remove up to 30 g P/kg BFS; however, q values are strongly dependent on the initial P concentration. The pilot-scale BFS filter tested on-site performed better for longer (<2 mg P/L) than the laboratory-scale filter, even though despite the latter received the same hydraulic and P loadings (1.8 m3/m3 d and 18 g P/m3 d, respectively). Both the laboratory and field results showed that BFS filters are an appropriate low-cost technology to upgrading small wastewater treatment systems for phosphorus removal.

Tracer experiments are of concern to wastewater treatment engineers and researchers because of the importance of determining hydraulic regimes and retention times in wastewater treatment units. In this work, a pilot-scale maturation waste stabilisation pond (WSP) was spiked with Rhodamine WT, in order to determine how suspended organic matter would interfere with its performance as a tracer in a domestic wastewater treatment unit which had a high content of suspended algal biomass. A primary maturation pond was spiked in three separate runs with different levels of algae (high, medium and low), with a known amount of Rhodamine WT (20% w/v); the tracer was measured in the pond effluent in real time every 20 min for 3? (the theoretical retention time, ? = 17 days). Algal biomass was monitored weekly from influent, column and effluent water samples by chlorophyll-a determination. The results show that algal biomass has a strong influence on the behaviour of Rhodamine WT as a tracer and therefore the hydraulic characteristics calculated from tracer curves may be affected by tracer adsorption on suspended organic matter.

The FreshWaterMill project is a transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology (EST) from The Netherlands to Colombia that involves several Dutch companies, the Delft University of Technology and Coralina (corporation for sustainable development of the Archipelago San Andrés, Providence and Saint Kathleen). The installation place is Johnny Cay, a small islet 1.5 km northeast from San Andrés, Colombia, uninhabited and exclusive for touristic use (Van Tonningen, 2014). The technology is a wind powered reverse osmosis (RO) system that can fulfil the drinkable water and electricity demands of the Cay. This way can be alleviated the sanitary conditions resulting from unsustainable touristic practices. Moreover, this project is seen as a promoter of sustainable development in the Archipelago (Coralina, 2006), and as a potential solution to provide electricity and water to rural and remote areas of low utility coverage but abundant wind power. There are no environmental or social impact analyses that validate the sustainable character of the technology transfer. Moreover, although it is intended to improve the livelihood of target users their opinions are not reflected in the project plans. This situation resembles those factors that describe the trend to failure of technology transfers. Therefore this research made an integral assessment of the project as a Socio-Technical System (STS) to provide useful findings and recommendations that could lead it away from such trend. The Functions of Innovation Systems (FIS) framework (Van Alphen, 2008) was chosen for a systems approach analysis. Through this was found that poor planning, insufficient financial resources and ineffective communication channels are the most relevant barriers for a successful implementation of the FreshWaterMill. The most relevant drivers are the suitability of the place for a wind/RO system, the planning of a local educational center, a remarkable advocacy for Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in the Archipelago and the existence of local human capital and R&D on RE. Five conditions for self-organization were derived from the PAR (Participatory Action Research) methodology to explore the likeliness of self-organization for bottom-up management. Through this methodology was shown that the difficult relationship between the corporation and the touristic service providers, their lack of group cohesion, managerial and operational capacities, ignorance and/or misuse of instruments for self-organization, make unfeasible for this group to address the barriers and support the drivers of the project. Relevant conditions from the context not covered by the previous methodologies were also included. These reflected that the advocacy for RETs is counteracted by the fragmentation between institutional actors and their lack of managerial skills on technology topics, which makes them rely on national and international assistance to achieve a technological transition. The regular interaction that Johnny Cay workers will have with the windmill, the affinity of the life plan of young adults to the project objectives and the likeliness of this group to make economic contributions urges the need for a participatory approach. The socio-cultural crisis of the Archipelago supports this recommendation. However, the difficulty of institutional entities to understand and assume the roles that require a participatory approach and the path dependency on top-down regulation makes it a complex challenge. A participatory approach for the FreshWaterMill is indirectly supported by the management plan of the Natural Regional Park Johnny Cay and the Community and institutional participation board. Additional to the commitment of the corporation to assume an enabling role, the process needs a mediator so the touristic service.

Abstract: The success of machine learning algorithms depends on the representation of the data used. Specific domain knowledge can be used to design good representations. However, these representations are limited to a specific problem or task, and to the amount of available labeled data. Another approach is to automatically learn generic priors that can be used in different tasks and context. In the field of natural language processing, recent work has been done in obtaining such priors by learning useful vector representation of words from unlabeled data. The representations can then be used to improve existing natural language processing systems. These word vectors are obtained using special neural network architectures trained on billions of tokens. However, most of these models are learned and evaluated on English language corpora. In this work, Word2vec, a recent neural network based toolkit for learning word representations is used on German language data. The goal is to evaluate the learned representations of words in different language processing and information retrieval tasks. In particular, a semantic-syntactic evaluation set is constructed for the German language. In addition to that, the learned word vector representations are used as features for a classifier of German language business documents. The learned features outperformed existing handcrafted features and performed similar to other state-of-the-art approaches. Resumen: El éxito de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático depende de la representación de los datos utilizados. conocimiento de dominio específico se puede utilizar para diseñar buenas representaciones. SIN EMBARGO, representaciones de síntesis se limitan a un problema o tarea específica, y que la cantidad de datos disponibles etiquetados. Otro enfoque es aprender automáticamente priores genéricos hizo kann utilizado en diferentes tareas y el contexto. En el campo del procesamiento del lenguaje natural, los trabajos recientes se ha hecho en la obtención de distribuciones previas examinados por el aprendizaje de la representación vector útil de las palabras de datos no etiquetados. Las representaciones a continuación, se pueden utilizar para mejorar el sistema de procesamiento de lenguaje natural existente. Estos vectores de palabras se obtienen utilizando arquitecturas de redes neuronales especiales entrenados en miles de millones de fichas. Sin embargo la mayoría de los modelos de síntesis se aprenden y se evalúa el corpus idioma Inglés. En este trabajo, Word2vec, un conjunto de herramientas basadas red neuronal reciente para el aprendizaje de representación de palabra se utiliza en los datos de idioma alemán. El objetivo es evaluar las representaciones aprendido de palabras en diferentes tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje y la recuperación de información. En particular, una evaluación semántico-sintáctica conjunto se construye para el idioma alemán. Además de eso, las representaciones vectoriales de palabras aprendidas se utilizan como características para un clasificador de documentos comerciales idioma alemán. Las características aprendidas superaron características artesanales existentes y funcionando de modo similar a otros enfoques del estado de la técnica.

Abstract: The manufacturing brick generates a direct effect in the air quality affecting the health of the surrounding communities of this type of industry. In the Colombian municipality of Nemocón, in the Patio Bonito rural locality, the majority of small and micro-sized brick fields uses craft techniques for manufacturing different types of bricks. The manufacturing plant is basically represented by a kiln and a plot of land as a farmyard; the area where these elements are concentrated is commonly named “Chircal”. Craft brickers usually use kilns of direct fire and upward firing for cooking. The main fuel used in the manufacture of bricks is coal, followed by natural gas and diesel. The present work aims to characterize air quality, taking into account the massive growth of the brick manufacturing activity in the rural locality of Patio Bonito, Nemocón, Colombia, specifically assessing the particulate matter PM10, which is one of the most critical air pollutant due to its impact on health of its inhabitants and on the local environment. The year 2013 was selected for the analysis, because the highest PM10 concentrations of the last five years that happened in that year, according to historical data from the environmental authority of Cundinamarca region. For assessing the air quality in Patio Bonito, a Gaussian air quality model named URBAIR, developed by the University of Aveiro, was applied. For an adequate operation of this model, it was necessary to collect input data as emission sources and meteorological data. The modeling periods were August 8th, November 20th and 24th 2013, when daily averaged with concentrations above 100 µg/m3, limit regulated by Colombian legislation were registered. Moreover, two improvement scenarios were proposed. The first considered the operation of “Colmena” kilns with an emission control system. The second implied Hoffman and Tunnel kilns, because those showed the lowest PM10 emissions. Results allowed to conclude that those improvement measures can reduce the PM10 contribution to air pollution levels. Resumen: La fabricación del ladrillo genera un efecto directo en la calidad del aire afectando la salud de las comunidades circundantes de este tipo de industria. En el municipio colombiano de Nemocón, en la localidad rural de Patio Bonito, la mayoría de las pequeñas ladrilleras utilizan técnicas artesanales para la fabricación de diferentes tipos de ladrillos. La planta de fabricación está básicamente representada por un horno y una parcela de tierra como un patio; el área donde se concentran estos elementos se denomina comúnmente ""Chircal"". Los trabajadores artesanales generalmente usan hornos de fuego directo y fuego ascendente para cocinar. El principal combustible utilizado en la fabricación de ladrillos es el carbón, seguido del gas natural y el diesel. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la calidad del aire, teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento masivo de la actividad de fabricación de ladrillos en la localidad rural de Patio Bonito, Nemocón, Colombia, evaluando específicamente el material particulado PM10, que es uno de los contaminantes atmosféricos más críticos debido a su impacto en la salud de sus habitantes y en el entorno local. El año 2013 fue seleccionado para el análisis, debido a las mayores concentraciones de PM10 de los últimos cinco años que ocurrieron en ese año, según datos históricos de la autoridad ambiental de la región de Cundinamarca. Para evaluar la calidad del aire en Patio Bonito, se aplicó un modelo Gaussiano de calidad del aire denominado URBAIR, desarrollado por la Universidad de Aveiro. Para un funcionamiento adecuado de este modelo, fue necesario recopilar datos de entrada como fuentes de emisión y datos meteorológicos. Los periodos de modelación fueron el 8 de agosto, el 20 y el 24 de noviembre de 2013, cuando se registró un promedio diario con concentraciones superiores a 100 ?g / m3, límite regulado por la legislación colombiana. Además, se propusieron dos escenarios de mejora. El primero consideró la operación de hornos ""Colmena"" con un sistema de control de emisiones. El segundo implicaba los hornos Hoffman y Tunnel, porque aquellos mostraban las emisiones más bajas de PM10. Los resultados permitieron concluir que estas medidas de mejora pueden reducir la contribución de PM10 a los niveles de contaminación del aire.

Problemas de Tecnología de Materiales recopila problemas realizados en clase y propuestos en exámenes. El libro se ha dividido en nueve partes, correspondientes a los nueve grandes bloques de temas de teoría. Además, se ha procurado que los problemas planteados reflejen situaciones lo más cercanas a la realidad de la ingeniería. La mayoría están resueltos y explicados; al comienzo de cada parte, hemos escrito una breve introducción del tema, como recuerdo de las bases fundamentales, y al final de cada una de ellas, hemos propuesto algunos problemas no resueltos para el trabajo personal de los alumnos.

Esta obra aborda el estudio de las celdas solares considerándolas un dispositivo electrónico. Primero, presenta en forma breve detalles históricos de las celdas solares, el desarrollo de sus aplicaciones y las estrategias utilizadas en diversos países. Después expone los conceptos físicos fundamentales que intervienen en el funcionamiento de los dispositivos eléctricos basados en semiconductores. Por último, trata la transformación de la energía luminosa en energía eléctrica a través de las celdas solares.