La presente ley tiene como finalidad promover la proteccion y salvaguarda de la igualdad entremujeres y hombres y el tratamiento plural igualitario y no estereotipado evitando toda discriminacion por generou orientacion sexual en los medios de comun

Ley Reformatoria a la Ley Organica de Educacion Intercultural

Abstract: In order to re-envision the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Parkville Medical Precinct, it is begun by drawing key points of interest from the research conducted on hospitals and the healthcare system. The chapter will synthesize the learnings from research conducted on: the ageing population, new medical technologies, hospital logistics, campus types, and healthcare delivery models. From each area of research, it is established the key points of interest and how they may be applied in the field of design medical infrastructure. These points allowed consider the possible design opportunities within the Parkville medical precinct. From this research method, it is able to gain a further understanding of the logistics of a hospital, and what elements can be incorporated into the design of the precinct. Most importantly, by undertaking this exercise, we were able to uncover relationships that were not evident from a top-down site simplified site analysis perspective. Design as a research tool opens a wide range of opportunities for urban design that reaches across many different disciplines and cross them, providing unexpected creative outcomes.

Abstract: Resilience refers to a relevant social necessity of protect the human systems and its interdependencies against growing uncertainties and hazards. Daily life and development become more exposed to such uncertainty and disruption as human beings spread to inhabit over undifferentiated landscapes, impact at a global level on the Earth dynamics, face intercultural encounters because of globalization and multiply activities and interconnectivities into the information age, among other aspects. The general adjustments required in governance mechanisms to deal with such growing challenges and all those social changes needed to adequate our societies could be understood, at the end, as cultural processes of qualification, that in fact have been gathered, conceived, adjusted and operated along the historic processes of human civilization. This proposal is based on empirical and theoretical research to infer that culture is the principal domain to build resilience. Successful local level initiatives and local conflicts are analyzed to outdraw first a critical approach to vertical, technocratic interventions and secondly to outline some key elements and strategies to be considered for building culture – or building on culture, as a resilient mechanism at the local level. Wide range positive effects pretend to be foreseen and supported, in terms of increasing social capital and organizational framing of society. This approach supported by climate risk management´s cases of study, offers a perspective in general for intervention of urban conflicts to build resilience, that demands for an expansion in modes of relationship among humans and nature to create the social space, beyond of mere physical urban operations Resumen: La resiliencia se refiere a una necesidad social relevante de proteger los sistemas humanos y sus interdependencias frente a incertidumbres y peligros crecientes. La vida cotidiana y el desarrollo se vuelven más expuestos a tal incertidumbre y disrupción a medida que los seres humanos se extienden para habitar paisajes indiferenciados, impactan a nivel global en la dinámica de la Tierra, enfrentan encuentros interculturales debido a la globalización y multiplican actividades e interconectividades en la era de la información, entre otros. aspectos. Los ajustes generales requeridos en los mecanismos de gobernanza para hacer frente a tales desafíos crecientes y todos aquellos cambios sociales necesarios para adecuar nuestras sociedades podrían entenderse, en definitiva, como procesos culturales de calificación, que de hecho han sido recogidos, concebidos, ajustados y operados a lo largo de los procesos históricos de la civilización humana. Esta propuesta se basa en investigaciones empíricas y teóricas para inferir que la cultura es el dominio principal para construir resiliencia. Las iniciativas exitosas a nivel local y los conflictos locales se analizan para extraer, en primer lugar, un enfoque crítico de las intervenciones tecnocráticas verticales y, en segundo lugar, para delinear algunos elementos y estrategias clave que deben tenerse en cuenta para construir cultura, o construir sobre la cultura, como un mecanismo resiliente a nivel local. Se pretende prever y apoyar una amplia gama de efectos positivos, en términos de incremento del capital social y del encuadre organizativo de la sociedad. Este enfoque, apoyado en los casos de estudio de la gestión del riesgo climático, ofrece una perspectiva en general para la intervención de los conflictos urbanos para construir resiliencia, que demanda una expansión en los modos de relación entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza para crear el espacio social, más allá de lo meramente físico.

Abstract: In this study, a model assisted strategy is developed to control the distribution of colloids in porous media in the framework of nanoremediation, an innovative environmental nanotechnology aimed at reclaiming contaminated aquifers. This approach is exemplified by the delivery of humic acid-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeOx), a typical reagent for in situ immobilization of heavy metals. By tuned sequential injections of FeOx suspensions and of solutions containing a destabilizing agent (i.e. calcium or magnesium), the two fronts, which advance at different rates, overlap at the target location (i.e., the central portion) of the porous systems. Here, the particles deposit and accumulate irreversibly, creating a reactive zone. An analytical expression predicting the position of the clustering zone in 1D systems is derived from first principles of advective-dispersive transport. Through this equation, the sequence and duration of the injection of the different solutions in the medium is assessed. The model robustness is demonstrated by its successful application to various systems, comprising the use of different sands or immobilizing cations, both in 1D and 2D geometries. The method represents an advancement in the control of nanomaterial fate in the environment, and could enhance nanoremediation making it an effective alternative to more conventional techniques. Resumen: En este estudio, una estrategia modelística es desarrollada con el fin de controlar la distribución de coloides en medios porosos en el marco de la nanorremediación, una nanotecnología ambiental enfocada a la recuperación de acuíferos contaminados. En el presente análisis, se usan de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro estabilizadas con ácido húmico (FeOx), un reactivo típico para la inmovilización in situ de metales pesados. Mediante aplicaciones secuenciales controladas de suspensiones de FeOx y soluciones que contienen un agente desestabilizador (calcio o magnesio), los dos frentes, que avanzan a diferentes velocidades, se superponen en la ubicación deseada (en este caso en el centro) del medio porosos. Aquí, las partículas se depositan y acumulan de forma irreversible, creando una zona reactiva. Una expresión analítica que predice la posición de la zona de deposición en sistemas unidimensionales (1D) se deriva de los primeros principios del transporte advectivo-dispersivo. A través de esta ecuación se evalúa la secuencia y duración de la inyección de las diferentes soluciones en el medio poroso. La robustez del modelo se demuestra con la exitosa aplicación en diversos sistemas, que comprenden el uso de diferentes tamaños de grano o cationes inmovilizadores, tanto en geometrías 1D como 2D. El método representa un avance en el control del destino final de los nanomateriales en el medio ambiente y podría mejorar la nanorremediación, convirtiéndolo en una alternativa eficaz a las técnicas convencionales actuales.

Abstract: Biluminescent organic emitters show simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence at room temperature. So far, the optimization of the room-temperature phosphorescence in these materials has drawn the attention of research. However, the continuous-wave operation of these emitters will consequently turn them into systems with vastly imbalanced singlet and triplet populations, which is due to the respective excited-state lifetimes. This study reports on the exciton dynamics of the biluminophore NPB (N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4-diamine). In the extreme case, the singlet and triplet exciton lifetimes stretch from 3 ns to 300 ms, respectively. Through sample engineering and oxygen quenching experiments, the triplet exciton density can be controlled over several orders of magnitude, allowing us to study exciton interactions between singlet and triplet manifolds. The results show that singlet−triplet annihilation reduces the overall biluminescence efficiency already at moderate excitation levels. Additionally, the presented system represents an illustrative role model to study excitonic effects in organic materials.

Abstract: The property of an organic molecule able to emit light efficiently from both their singlet and triplet excited states is called biluminescence. This dual state emission, particularly at room temperature, is difficult to achieve by purely organic molecules. It is possible only if the competitive thermal decay is suppressed effectively, enhancing the yield from the triplet state (i.e. phosphorescence) in addition to the conventional fluorescence. Biluminescence was identified in a simple host:guest system in which the biluminophore (i.e. an organic molecule showing biluminescence) NPB [N,N’-di(naphtha-1-yl)-N,N’- diphenyl-benzidine] is embedded in a rigid matrix, for example, the polymer PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)]. This system is unique not only due to the dual state emission, having fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions at 425nm and 530nm, respectively, but also because the large range of exciton lifetimes is extended up to nine orders of magnitude between nanosecond fluorescence and second phosphorescence. Up to date, efforts have been placed exclusively in the research of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), although fluorescence can be observed from these systems as well. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was the investigation of the fundamental photophysical processes and characteristics of biluminescent organic molecules, in addition to their usage in promising applications as it will be described next. For instance, the most used approach for oxygen sensing is based on quenching of luminescent excited states, following a scheme of optical monitoring, i.e. correlating luminescence over-time data with oxygen concentrations. However, regardless whether one pursues fluorescence or phosphorescence quenching, they share a common drawback: They cannot monitor the effect of sample degradation due to extensive light exposure. In fact, one cannot distinguish between oxygen having penetrated the film and quenched the luminescence, or the sample being degraded over time due to e.g. photobleaching of the emitting molecules. The former represents an issue, especially for build-in applications. Now herein, it was proposed to use biluminescence to exclude degradation processes from oxygen sensing data evaluation, through a simple fluorescence-to-phosphorescence intensity ratio. This can be achieved, because it was proven here that the fluorescence is not directly quenched by oxygen, whereas the long-lived RTP is sensitive to it. Therefore, the fluorescence acts as self-referencing in a biluminescent sensor, which serves as an alternative solution to monitor oxygen concentrations. Additionally, the integration of the sensor into optoelectronic devices is considered as a potential future direction. Furthermore, it was revealed in this thesis that the difference in exciton lifetime yields to a significant limitation of luminescence efficiency, because of exciton accumulation under continuous illumination, causing bimolecular processes like singlet-triplet and triplet-triplet annihilation (STA and TTA, respectively), as well as optical saturation. All those processes occur already at moderate excitation intensities. It was demonstrated through sample engineering and oxygen quenching experiments, that the triplet exciton density can be controlled over several orders of magnitude, allowing to study exciton interactions between singlet and triplet manifolds. Consequently, the presented biluminescent system represents an illustrative role model to study excitonic effects in organic molecules. For example, in organic light-emitting diode materials, where the aforementioned effects i.e. STA, TTA and saturation, are application relevant but much more difficult to investigate. Mainly because light emission can be observed only from one state, instead of both states like in biluminescence.

Ley que Instituye el 23 de Junio de Cada ao Dia del Padre Nicaraguense

Se declara al primer domingo del mes de septiembre de cada ao como el DiaNacional del Peaton y del Ciclista en Defensa de la Madre Tierra con el fin de lograrconciencia sobre la proteccion del medio ambiente y por consiguiente la proteccion de la

Corte se inhibe de emitir un pronunciamiento de fondo respecto de expresiones demandadas en una serie de articulos 1 2 y 3 de la ley 1025 de 2006 en los que se declara principalmente como patrimonio cultural de la nacion a la feria taurina de Ma