Resumo: Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar as teorias e/ou referenciais de enfermagem utilizados na produção científica, período 2002-2007, mediante o método descritivo e revisão sistemática, a partir da análise de títulos e resumos de artigos publicados nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Base de Dados de Enfermagem e nas teses e dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Identifi- cou-se 906 artigos e destes apenas 155 apresentaram o objeto deste estudo, conotando reduzida utilização das correntes de pensamento da enfermagem .Teorias mais utilizadas: Autocuidado, Transpessoal, Transcultural e Enfer- magem Humanística. Considera-se necessária a avaliação das diretrizes dos programas acadêmicos que vêm fortalecendo o embasamento científico em outros referenciais norteadores da produção científica, dificultando a visibili- dade da profissão e a valorização das teorias de enfermagem como forma de fortalecimento do cuidado. Resumen: El objetivo del estudio es identificar las teorías y/o referenciales de enfermería utilizado en la producción científica, en el período 2002-2007, mediante el método descriptivo y revisión sistemática, a partir del análisis de títulos y resúmenes de artículos publicados en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y de Caribe en Cienciasde la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Base de Datos de Enfermería y en las tesis y disertaciones del Programa de Postgrado en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina-Brasil.Se identificaron 906 artículos, de estos apenas 155 presentaron el objeto de este estudio, mostrando reducida utilización de las corrientes de pensamiento de la enfermería.

Background: Esophageal cancer occurs as a local disease in 22% of cases, and a minority of this disease is limited to the mucosa or submucosa (early lesions). Endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, and argon plasma coagulation have emerged as alternatives to surgical resection for early lesions. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to identify studies that statistically compare survival, disease-free survival, morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure, and mortality associated with cancer in the endoscopic versus surgical therapies. Results: The survival rates after 3 and 5 years were different and exhibited superiority with the surgical therapies over time. Endoscopy is superior in the control of mortality related to cancer with a high rate of disease recurrence. With regard to the comorbidity and the mortality associated with the procedure, endoscopy is superior. Conclusion: There is no evidence from clinical trials. In this systematic review, surgical therapies showed superiority for survival, and endoscopic therapies showed superiority in the control of mortality related to cancer with a high rate of disease recurrence; also, for the comorbidity and the mortality associated with the procedure, endoscopy is superior. Prospective, controlled trials with large sample sizes are necessary to confirm the results of the current analysis.

The aim of this study was to identify differences in brain activation between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients and typically developing pre-adolescents and adolescents while performing a working memory task. Within this important cognitive domain, visuo-spatial working memory was specifically selected for study, being a fundamental cognitive impairment in the disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity in children and adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age while they performed a visuo-spatial working memory task. During performance of the task the ADHD group showed lower activation than the typically developing children in 4 specific brain regions. Between-group differences in activation were observed in the right and left superior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and cuneus. The results of the present study support the hypothesis of mainly cortical dysfunctions in ADHD.

La dispraxia verbal es un trastorno específico del lenguaje, que tiene como base una disfunción a nivel de la coordinación de los movimientos necesarios para la articulación de expresión oral como consecuencia de un déficit en la elaboración del plan fonológico en la selección y secuencia de fonemas para construir la forma sonora del lenguaje, unido a un déficit de la elaboración y ejecución del plan motor. La dispraxia verbal puede ser subdividida en dos grupos, relativos a la afectación o no de la comprensión del lenguaje. La correcta clasificación y orientación de la intervención de un niño con dispraxia verbal, requiere una precisa evaluación médica y psicopedagógica del niño. Para la evaluación del lenguaje es recomendable el uso de pruebas estandarizadas, permitiendo así poner de manifiesto los déficits respecto a la recepción y producción del lenguaje. La intervención en la dispraxia verbal exige un buen conocimiento acerca del funcionamiento del habla y del lenguaje y de los principios de aprendizaje motor y del desarrollo de la fonología, y requiere la aplicación de una combinación de acercamientos motrices, lingüísticos y cognitivos que permitan optimizar las habilidades de comunicación del niño. En la actualidad existen algunos acercamiento de intervención logopédica con los que se han tenido importantes mejorías en casos de dispraxia verbal, como lo son el PROMPT, el Programa de Dispraxia del Centro Nuffiel, y la Terapia Intensiva VEDiT. Para ejemplificar lo anterior, se presenta un caso clínico que ayuda a ilustrar la discusión teórica.

Objective: Provide an instrument in Spanish for measuring and studying physicians’ career satisfaction in Andalusia, Spain. Method: It followed two general stages: An instrument adaptation and descriptive cross-sectional study. Factor analysis was performed with 16-item scale. Construct validity was verified through a correlation between the summed 16-items scale and the global item, and internal consistency reliability was estimated with a Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, physicians’ career satisfaction was measured and characteristics related to a higher level of satisfaction were explored through a multivariate logistic regression. Results: An instrument adaption into Spanish was developed. Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was 0.92. The rate response was 40%. Mean career satisfaction was 4.36(SD=0.76) out of a possible score of 6. Multivariate logistic regression showed that physicians who reported having received non-economic incentives during last year have a level of career satisfaction 3.11(IC=1.19–8.13) times higher than those that have not received, and also that foreign physicians have a level of career satisfaction 7.81(IC=1.40–43.48) times higher than Spanish ones, controlling by personal, professional, work, and incentives factors. Conclusions: This study performed the adaptation and validation of an instrument which measures physicians’ career satisfaction in Andalusia, Spain. The methodology to translate and adapt the instrument was successful, making the method replicable in other languages and countries. The instrument demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability and construct validity. It was found that foreign physicians have eight times higher career satisfaction, and physicians that referred having received non-economic incentives during the last year have three times higher career satisfaction.

Impreso en el que el el médico Ricardo de la Parra presenta un estudio sobre el origen, métodos de curación y formas de propagación de la elefantiasis en la Nueva Granada a fines de la década de 1850. El documento conserva la ortografía de la época.

Existe una extensa investigación que analiza el efecto de la enfermedad renal en etapa terminal y el estado de las funciones cognitivas en general. No obstante, la evidencia sobre las deficiencias subyacentes en el ultimo estadio de falla renal sigue siendo poco estudiada en lo que respecta a la memoria prospectiva. Esta función es particularmente importante para un comportamiento competente en la vida diaria, así como para llevar a cabo futuras acciones previstas. Por lo tanto, parece pertinente examinar la posible disminución de la memoria prospectiva entre los pacientes con enfermedad renal y evaluar la función cognitiva inicial de estos individuos. Este estudio ofrece un primer enfoque al comparar el rendimiento entre pacientes con falla renal y controles sanos de la misma edad en pruebas cognitivas estandarizadas. Dichas pruebas incluyen el MMSE, el NART y las actividades diarias instrumentales (IADL). Este estudio evalúa el rendimiento de la memoria prospectiva utilizando el instrumento de la semana virtual. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas para todas las pruebas cognitivas generales entre pacientes y controles, donde los controles sanos superaron a los participantes con falla renal en etapa terminal. El análisis reveló un peor rendimiento significativo de los pacientes con falla renal para tareas de memoria prospectiva independientemente de la regularidad de la tarea (regular-irregular) o el tipo de señal (evento-tiempo). Notablemente, los resultados sugieren la ocurrencia de deterioro prospectivo de la memoria entre la población clínica evaluada. Este estudio ayuda a generar conocimiento sobre los mecanismos cognitivos que se alteran a causa de ultimo estadio de la falla renal, particularmente la memoria prospectiva, lo que sugiere que este déficit podría tener implicaciones negativas en el programa de diálisis.

OBJECTIVES: To select outcomes of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and develop operational definitions for their indicators in order to evaluate patients during smoking cessation. METHODS: A consensus study among experts, involving eight nurses. A 100% consensus was required to select the outcomes. Operational definitions were developed based on the literature. RESULTS: Two outcomes were selected, Smoking Cessation Behavior (1625)-with nine indicators, and Substance Withdrawal Severity (2108)-with 11 indicators, for which we developed operational definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus allowed the selection of NOC outcomes and indicators, which will allow us to evaluate patients during smoking cessation using a standardized classification. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A standardized classification provides a more qualified evaluation of patients during smoking cessation.

Abstract: Being liked or preferred by peers is important for human beings and more so for children. During preschool years the development of the ability to relate to peer groups takes place. At this age, being highly disliked by peers in a group may be a sign of the particular functioning of specific neurocognitive processes. This study thus explored how cognitive inhibitory control (CIC) and behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation systems (BIS/BAS) are associated with peer preference in preschool children. Twenty-nine 4-year-olds were tested with a neuropsychological measure of CIC (i.e. peg tapping task), and a neuropsychological (i.e. SPSRQ-C) and a neurophysiological (i.e. EEG frontal asymmetry) measure of BIS/BAS activity. Peer preference was measured with sociometric interviews. CIC was not associated with peer preference. In contrast, BIS was positively related with peer preference, while BAS was negatively related with peer preference. Specifically, the ‘fight/flight/freezing system’ factor of the BIS and the ‘drive’ factor of the BAS showed the significant correlation with peer preference. Furthermore, the BIS to BAS ratios proved useful to explain peer preference. No correlation was found between EEG frontal asymmetry and peer preference. The importance of considering both BIS and BAS scores is discussed. A major role of BIS/BAS, compared to CIC, in level of peer preference was concluded. Resumen: Ser querido o preferido por los pares es importante para los seres humanos y aún más para los niños. Durante los años preescolares toma lugar el desarrollo de la habilidad para relacionarse con grupos de pares. A esta edad, ser rechazado por pares puede ser signo del funcionamiento particular de ciertos procesos neurocognitivos. Este estudio exploró cómo el control inhibitorio cognitivo (CIC) y los sistemas de inhibición/activación comportamental (BIS/BAS) están asociados con la preferencia de pares en niños preescolares. 22 niños de 4 años de edad fueron evaluados con una medida neuropsicológica de control inhibitorio cognitivo (i.e., tarea de peg tapping) y una medida neuropsicológica y neurofisiológica (i.e., asimetría frontal electroencefalográfica) de la actividad de los sistemas de inhibición/activación, BIS/BAS. La preferencia de pares se midió con entrevistas sociométricas. El control inhibitorio cognitivo CIC no se encontró asociado a la preferencia de pares. En cambio, la escala BIS de inhibición y la escala BAS de activación comportamental se encontraron asociadas, de manera respectiva, positivamente y negativamente, con la preferencia de pares. Específicamente, el “sistema de lucha/escape/bloqueo” del BIS y el “impulso” del BAS fueron los factores que estuvieron significativamente relacionados con la preferencia de pares. Además, la relación BIS/BAS resultó útil al explicar la preferencia de pares. No se encontraron correlaciones entre la asimetría frontal electroencefalográfica y la preferencia de pares. Aquí se discutirá la importancia de considerar ambos puntajes en las escalas del BIS y el BAS. En este estudio se concluyó un papel fundamental de los sistemas de inhibición comportamental BIS/BAS, en contraste con el del control inhibitorio cognitivo, para qué tanto se es preferido por los pares en la edad preescolar.

Kinesiology tape is commonly applied to enhance muscle functioning. The targeted improvement could be influenced by the neuromuscular stimulation acquired within the muscle and modulated by the mechanoreceptor after its application. The importance of the muscular facilitation effect that K-TAPE may produce within the muscle lies on the direct impact of this property on athletes’ performance, health promotion, injury- prevention and rehabilitations programs. This study seeks to investigate if the application of K-TAPE, from origin to insertion of the RF, significantly increase the motor unit firing within the muscle, after performing a MVC. More precisely, this study examines whether this application leads to a better muscle functioning or conversely, no significant differences on the electrical stimulation within the rectus femuris muscle when using K-TAPE after MVC. Based on an EMG experimental study and using pre-test/post-test designs, twenty healthy subjects were randomly allocated into experiment and control groups. Using regression analysis to compare pre-test and post-test EMG outputs, findings of this study confirm a significant improvement on the neuromuscular facilitation of the rectus femuris of 7% on average. This result is statistically significant at 5% confidence level. Additional tests show that the difference can be as high as 25% after the application of the K-tape. Further analysis on the control group could not reject the theory proved on the experiment group. The contribution made in this study proves that Kinesiology tape can be used to enhance the muscular functioning.