"Campaign Pain," Part 1 President Barack Obama and former Alaska governor Sarah Palin get involved as Student Government campaigns spiral out of control at Riverdale High! The race between Archie and Reggie gets hot as campaign chaos reaches to the top, forcing an impromptu visit from these big-name politicos, who get pulled into the fray!

"Gyrl Crazy!" SCRIPTS AND ART: Dan Parent When an all-girl band breaks down in Riverdale, it's music to Archie's ears... and a sour note for Betty and Veronica! But it's not long before everyone is jamming together. Will the "School Gyrls" collaboration with the Archies be a chart-topping hit or a resounding dud?

Archie #609 The world has witnessed the double-bill of the century, as The Archies and Josie & the Pussycats co-headlined a major concert tour! When the lights dimmed, it turned out that the lyrics to the love songs weren't just being recited on stage, but also whispered into Valerie's ears by Archie! The two lovebirds soon became songbirds, penning their own original love song. But when Betty and Veronica find out, they're in no mood for love songs!

"Robbing Arch and His Merry Band of Teens" Part 1 Archie and the gang must save Lord Lodge and Princess Veronica from the evil clutches of the Mad Duke of Doom and his fiendish jester, Chester, in an action-packed Robin Hood-inspired tale! Join Maid Betty, Juggie O'Dare, Reggie the Red and Robbing Archie in their quest to save the Kingdom!

Abstract: In the present work, theoretical and experimental analysis of the thermal performance of flat plate pulsating heat pipes, made of copper, are presented. The pulsating heat pipes were manufactured using an innovative fabrication process for this application, the diffusion bonding. For this purpose, a special oven was used, available in Labtucal, that provides high temperature, high pressure and high vacuum conditions, which allows the fabrication of monolithic pieces with high reliability. Plates of equal external size were used, in which the internal channels were modified. Different geometries were applied, including the variation of the number of channels for the same overall dimensions (density increase), modifications of the surface finishing (roughness) and addition of lateral grooves at evaporator section. Flat plate pulsating heat pipes were tested under different operating conditions, such as tilt angles, heat input levels, and filling ratios, concluding that higher roughness or grooves at evaporator zone enhance the thermal performance of the devices, as start-up time, thermal resistance and thermal stability. However, the most relevant parameters, to decrease the dependence of the gravity in the operation of the pulsating heat pipe, are the number of channels and the working fluid filling ratios. A mathematical model, based on electrical circuit analogy, is constructed, taking into consideration the activation energy. Model validation was made with the experimental date obtained from the devices developed in this thesis. The model presented a maximum error of 25-30%, at vertical bottom heat mode and vertical top heat mode. The main contributions of this Ph.D. thesis are: the development of modified pulsating heat pipes using effective thermal improvements; the production of a reliable fabrication process compatible with the proposed thermal enhancements and, finally, a model that can be used as a design tool for pulsating heat pipes fabricated from machined plates. Resumen: En el presente trabajo, se realiza un análisis teórico y experimental del desempeño térmico de tubos de calor pulsantes de placa plana, fabricados en cobre. Los tubos de calor pulsantes fueron fabricados utilizando un proceso de fabricación innovador para esta aplicación, la difusión vinculación. Para ello se utilizó un horno especial, disponible en Labtucal, que proporciona alta temperatura, alta presión y alto vacío, lo que permite la fabricación de piezas monolíticas de alta confiabilidad. Se utilizaron placas de igual tamaño externo, en las que el Se modificaron los canales internos. Se aplicaron diferentes geometrías, incluyendo la variación de el número de canales para las mismas dimensiones generales (aumento de densidad), modificaciones del acabado superficial (rugosidad) y adición de ranuras laterales en la sección del evaporador. placa plana Los tubos de calor pulsantes se probaron en diferentes condiciones de funcionamiento, como ángulos de inclinación, calor suministrado, relaciones de llenado, concluyendo que una mayor rugosidad o ranuras en la zona del evaporador mejora el rendimiento térmico de los dispositivos, como el tiempo de inicio de operación, la resistencia térmica y la estabilidad de la temperatura. Sin embargo, los parámetros más relevantes, para disminuir la dependencia de la gravedad en el funcionamiento del tubo de calor pulsante, fueron el número de canales y las proporciones del llenado de fluido de trabajo. Se construye un modelo matemático, basado en la analogía del circuito eléctrico, tomando en Consideración la energía de activación. La validación del modelo se realizó con los datos experimentales obtenidos a partir de los dispositivos desarrollados en esta tesis. Las principales contribuciones de este doctorado tesis son: el desarrollo de tubos de calor pulsantes modificados utilizando mejoras térmicasla producción de un proceso de fabricación confiable y un modelo que se puede utilizar como herramienta de diseño.

Abstract: The modelling of the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is not yet common in the construction industry, and BIM projects usually do not include surface-subsurface models. Hence, information about the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is often outdated and excluded from the BIM procedures. If the surface and subsurface information is available and included in the BIM models, the processes of design, planning, construction, rehabilitation or demolition could enable advanced uses and applications of BIM that can improve the construction life cycle management. With an increasing inclusion of the subsurface in BIM models, the need for standards for this type of models is emerging. Besides, the interoperability between geological/geotechnical software and BIM is continuously improving. Thus, this thesis first explores relevant project case studies, standards and software that enable modelling of the surface and subsurface in BIM. Based on the review, a digital workflow for modelling of surface-subsurface models for demanding technological facilities is proposed and tested on a case study of the hydro-power plant project HE Mokrice. Also, a proposal for standardisation in terms of the level of development for the surface-subsurface models is discussed, as well as some interoperability analysis between the software involved. Finally, given that the infrastructure projects expose an increasing demand for BIM, consequently, this requires expertise in BIM methodologies for modelling of topography, geological and geotechnical conditions; this theoretical study and practical research work propose valuable workflows that can be implemented in the industry for technological projects. The proposed approach is opening a wide range of possibilities of uses in digital workflows that can generate significant savings in terms of time, costs, management of unforeseen events and problems for the AECO industry in the lifetime of constructions.

Abstract: This research aims to create non-hurricane non-tornadic maps of extreme wind speeds for the mean recurrence intervals MRIs 700, 1700, and 3000 years, covering the Colombian territory. For infrastructure design, these maps are combined with existing hurricane wind speed studies, to be used as input loads due to wind. For each station with non-thunderstorm wind speeds time histories in the input data, following (Pintar, Simiu, Lombardo, & Levitan, 2015), extreme wind speeds corresponding to each MRI are calculated using a Peaks Over Threshold Poisson Process POT-PP extreme value model, then wind velocities with the same MRI are spatially interpolated to generate continuous maps for the whole study area. The annual exceedance probability for all velocity values in 700, 1700 and 3000 years MRIs output maps are respectively 1/700, 1/1700 and 1/3000. Regarding input data, not only time series of field measurements from IDEAM methodological stations are used, but also postprocessed information coming from the Integrated Surface Database ISD, and ERA5 forecast reanalysis data. This condition demanded a comparison of the different data sources, in order to verify the feasibility in the use of ISD and ERA5, this is downscaling support. The result of the comparison showed little similarity between the different sources, but taking into account that complete and adequate measured data from IDEAM was not available. Before to apply POT-PP, ISD and IDEAM data sources were standardized to meet the requirement of three seconds (3-s) wind gust speed, ten (10) meters anemometer height, and terrain open space condition. Due to the limitation in the classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm data, it was not possible to take real advantage of POT-PP method, which was limited/restricted from non-homogeneous to homogeneous and from nonstationary to stationary, being equivalent to use the most common POT - generalized Pareto approach. Non-hurricane maps were created for data sources ISD and ERA5, using Kriging as spatial interpolation method. After the integration with previous hurricane studies, the results of ERA5 showed the most reliable final maps, despite limitations in the input data to guarantee downscaling support. ISD final map showed very high wind values, which are unlikely. These shortcomings may be corrected when complete IDEAM data-source and storm data classification are available. A complete R tool was implemented to solve the whole process, which is based in copyrighted code for declustering and thresholding generously given by Dr Adam L. Pintar adam.pin [email protected] - NIST, U.S Department of Commerce. Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo la creación de mapas de velocidades de viento extremo (no-huracán, no tornado) para los periodos de retorno 700, 1700 y 3000 años, cubriendo todo el territorio colombiano. Estos mapas se combinaron con estudios sobre velocidades de viento de huracanes para ser usados como cargas de viento para diseño de infraestructura. Para cada estación en los datos de entrada con historias de tiempo de velocidades de viento tipo ""no tormenta"", siguiendo (Pintar, Simiu, Lombardo, & Levitan, 2015), se calcularon velocidades extremas de viento correspondientes a cada periodo de retorno, usando un modelo de valores extremos de picos sobre el umbral - proceso de Poisson (POT-PP), para posteriormente interpolar velocidades de viento con el mismo periodo de retorno y generar mapas continuos para toda el área de estudio. La probabilidad de excedencia anual para todos los mapas resultantes con valores de velocidad de 700, 1700 y 3000 años, son 1/700, 1/1700 y 1/3000 respectivamente. En relación con los datos de entrada, no solamente se usaron las series de tiempo de los datos de campo del IDEAM, pero también datos de la base de datos ISD (Integrated Surface Database) y datos de reanálisis de ERA5, sin embargo, los resultados finales se basaron solamente en ERA5.

Abstract: Since early 2020, the challenging conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic had diverse effects on the various fields of the economy worldwide. More specifically, social distancing and confinement measures to avoid contagion disrupted the regular operation of education institutions at all levels. The 2020-2025 Development Plan of the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts (Fachhochschule Dortmund, FH-Do) considers as an objective of high priority the diversification of their education strategy with a broader online course offer, which was accelerated by the current urging public health scenario, leading the administration to take measures directed to further elearning and Blended Learning (BL) development. This master thesis aims to propose a BL design and development framework that meets the long-term vision of the FH-Do by integrating into the university’s BL ecosystem de facto design methodologies, such as Instructional Design (ID) and User Experience (UX), all under the Agile/Lean project management (PM) methodology known as Scrumban. This is done while keeping a strict focus on learner-centered design and the pedagogical aspect by incorporating the theory of constructivism. Additionally, the proposed framework considers the long-standing e-learning industry standard known as SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) for the development of interactive BL modules, and relevant policies that regulate the operation of the FH-Do’s BL ecosystem. Besides the due literature review in connection with this research, two basic SCORM-conformant BL prototypes were developed, a series of structured interviews was conducted with students of the European Master in Project Management (EuroMPM) for its review, and unstructured interviews were held with BL Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and with the supervisors of this master thesis. The data collection process, their corresponding analysis, and results are presented in this document in connection with the proposed framework. The applicability of the present framework at the FH-Do aims to benefit the digitization of lecture contents, regardless of the program and study level. The scalable nature of the SCORM-conformant BL modules developable under this framework hold great potential pursuant to a standardized online course offer.

Abstract: The 2016 peace accords between the Colombian state and the FARC created great expectations of peace across the region. However, four years later, Colombia is experiencing a growing wave of violence from numerous actors, including former FARC dissidents. What drove the emergence of splinter groups after the 2016 peace accords? This thesis argues that insurgents’ levels of cohesiveness and ideological commitment during negotiations significantly condition the long-term prospects for successful accord implementation. When insurgencies enter these processes with low levels of these two factors, peace accords tend to transform, rather than end, the conflict. The thesis examines this argument through an analysis of the FARC’s organizational and ideological properties throughout history and finds that while the FARC had traditionally been a cohesive organization, during the 2000s the COIN strategy and Plan Colombia weakened its organizational structure. Furthermore, its incorporation in the drug trade contributed to the dilution of its ideological commitment. When accords were signed, the FARC lacked the necessary levels of cohesiveness and commitment to implement and enforce the accords in their ranks, causing the emergence of splinter groups. This thesis recommends that in an eventual negotiation with insurgencies, governments must give careful consideration to both the organizational and ideological properties of such organizations to avoid splintering and recurrence of violence.

Abstract: The subject of State capacity is a commonplace object of study in the social sciences which in the last few years has garnered more attention from the fields of social research and economics. As state capacity has a close relationship with development the question of how state capacity affects the development of a territory merits our attention. The present work therefore focuses on Colombia’s Regions, specifically using as a unit of analysis the 32 departments into which they are divided. Data on Colombia’s municipalities from the CEDE have been used to construct 4 indexes: Fiscal, Violence, Bureaucratic, and Operational. To create the indexes several variables have been selected and constructed with recourse to the Principal Component Analysis. However, as GDP data are unavailable at the municipal level, Night Time Lights (NTL) data are used as a proxy for economic development. Using a regression model showing the extent to which state capacity indices correlate with economic development as measured by NTL, while conducting robustness checks so as to confirm the expected results, we conclude that where state capacity is greater, then more development is expected.