Green technology developments bring public managers to the table with entrepreneurs who want to promote new technologies and share regard for the public good. The introduction of green technologies to the general public evidences that the challenge of technological change spans to a sphere of social interactions that operate in the breakthrough. This phase is best characterized as an inter-organizational process and my research explores the patterns that emerge through it. My research focuses on the development of a solar energy venture, the Solar-to-market initiative based in Massachusetts. By treating the creation of this venture as a dynamic system, I will highlight the role of public-private and third sector partnerships in shaping policies and technology innovation. The core question of the research is addressed by mapping out the networks that emerge throughout the process from project design to implementation. I urge public managers and entrepreneurs to consider the following aspects when managing green technological environmental ventures: (1) Design a framework for setting goals, policies, responsibilities and negotiation terms during the technological development and implementation phase, from design to commercialization. (2) Because of the complexity involved in green technological innovation, organizations demand a high degree of interdependence to share knowledge, complementary operational capabilities and joint action; thus creating the mechanisms to maintain these interactions is crucial. (3) A shift from traditional energy systems requires a change of social structures and institutional settings that demand the participation of the various stakeholders to co-produce and adopt the technological developments. (4) The societal change that technology demands, can be reached by mobilizing civic groups and social structures without threatening public institutions. (5) Green technological environmental ventures can be managed through an experimental and learning-oriented approach that enables a strategic niche management. Learning from small systems provides basis for policy innovations that are necessary for paving the way to sustainability as practices, such as energy consumption demand not incremental changes but a system transformation. In brief, I consider that a system of adaptive technology developments based on smaller operating parts within larger systems, which have acquired valuable knowledge and experience while working cooperatively, can contribute to a more equal and sustainable development.

Abstract: Mass transportation and citizen mobility is one of the most relevant topics in urban planning nowadays. A brief analysis shows the importance of bicycle promotion as a mean of transportation not only for the low implementation costs, but also because of the environmental gains for the city and its inhabitants. This analysis is focused on bicycle promotion policies in Bogotá, Colombia, and states some brief conclusions about the next steps. Resumen: El transporte masivo y la movilidad de la ciudadanía es uno de los ítems más importantes a tener en cuenta en cuanto a planeación urbana. Un corto análisis muestra la importancia de la promoción del uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte, no sólo por los bajos costos de implementación, sino por los logros medioambientales que benefician a la ciudad y a sus habitantes. El presente análisis se enfoca en las políticas de promoción del uso de la bicicleta en Bogotá, Colombia, y plantea unas cortas conclusiones así como pasos a seguir.

The authors seek to investigate the articulation of human / environmental security agenda to justify military action under ‘Plan Colombia / Plan Andino’ (PC/PA), the USA anti drugs trafficking strategy for Amazonia. It is observed that PC/PA exacerbates existing inequities in the region and are ineffective at controlling ‘narco-trafficking’. The paper explores the relation between culture and human/environmental security. The discussion illustrates how cultural and aesthetics beliefs provide the background for agroecological practices adopted by indigenous Amazonian peoples. It is argued that political developments in the region have undermined the ability of this people to maintain their livelihood strategies. It is conclude that PC/PA, which effectively exclude indigenous peoples from the management of the rainforest environments where they have lived for centuries, is justified by the Colombian and USA governments on the ground that they improve security of the very people they displace.

The purpose of my research is to identify the legal actions and/or administrative mechanisms established by the Colombian regulation that seek the prevention of the so-called orphan environmental damages caused by the exploration and exploitation of minerals by illegal miners within the territory. Moreover, I will determine whether or not landowners should be responsible for the environmental damage caused by illegal miners, in the case where they do not denounce the illegal activities occurring on their property to the government. In other words, the idea is to review the current regulation, and determine whether landowners should be responsible for the activities caused by third parties (illegal miners) on their properties, and if so, which legal actions should be filed by landowners in order to avoid responsibility in those cases. Hence, I will review which special duties landowners may have with respect to illegal mining on their properties, and which legal actions they should file before competent governmental authorities in order to inform them of these illegal activities. This would have the purpose of helping the government to stop the illegal activities by having the information about where these activities are being carried out, and therefore, prevent the appearance of new environmental damages. By this point, it may be clear that denouncing illegal activities is just a small part of the solution. In order to stop illegal mining it would be also necessary to reflect on the current environmental, social, economical, and cultural policies, strategies and programs. However, the law might contribute to find out a plausible solution. Notwithstanding the above, it is important to point out that I will focus my research only on the identification of the different legal actions, and not on their application and enforcement. Hence, the questions that I will try to resolve will be: (i) whether or not landowners have any special duty of denouncing the illegal mining activities that might take place on their properties (based on the ecological function of the property constitutional principle) (ii) which are the available legal actions and administrative mechanisms under Colombian regulation that should be used by a landowner in order to avoid responsibility and prevent orphan environmental damages caused by the performance of illegal mining activities on their property. I will however not analyze the application of these actions on a day-to-day basis; I will address some of the concerns with respect to the current system.

The Author aims to show the results presented by the Clean development Mechanism (CDM) created under the Kyoto Protocol as tool to promote a flexible scheme to meet the commitments. After thirteen years of CDM operation, results exposed a discouraging panorama as GHG emissions keep increasing. The situation got complex as it has been some barriers that prevented CDM optimal operation. With a new second commitment period entering into force, CDM scheme provides an uncertain outlook so far. The first period results are shown along with the characteristics of the second one and the future CDM market trends. It is also reviewed the CDM background, following by the analysis of the periods’ situation and possible actions that can be taken in order to enhance CDM as emissions reduction strategy, finished by conclusions from the author.

¿Sabías que la serranía de Chiribiquete fue reconocida por la UNESCO como patrimonio de la humanidad? Conoce este maravilloso lugar de Colombia en este video. ¡No te lo puedes perder!

In the present research work, the use of media in social sciences is proposed as a didactic alternative; through the development of critical thinking skills; consolidating in this way the competences of the area of knowledge in mention. For this, critical reading, cooperative work, the use of graphic organizers, debate, problematizing questions and pyramidal teaching were used as development strategies. The didactic proposal was applied in the educational community of the Jorge Soto del Corral district school in Bogota and the analyzed data of this research suggest that in the face of the current needs to educate, students to face a personal and professional life in a successful way, is It is necessary to consider the development of critical thinking as a guide to achieve it. The development of critical thinking addresses the technological changes as well as the ways of learning that implies responsibility, to train students in science today; not only, in order to respond to the new challenges of society, but so that they from their reasoning, estimate the relevance of the rules and the different forms of peaceful coexistence.

The intervention proposal was developed under the planning of six sessions. This was done with a bimonthly plan that covered the development of activities framed in a didactic sequence. Likewise, it counted with the participation of 22 students of the tenth grade of the Divino Salvador Educational Institution, 12 women and 10 male students. Each session had the implicit design of social science classes taking as a reference on April 9, 1948, this through microhistory as a conceptual sustenance, who, in turn, adheres to the institutional methodology called the logical learning cycle and training. Both the operational framework and the disciplinary and methodological support, encourages students to participate in the investigative role, with appropriation of information sources and, relating these concepts of the social sciences with the investigation of facts at the national level, without forgetting the local scope Thus, the systematization of information led to a process of abstraction according to an inter-subjective dialogue between the teacher, the students and the academy. lt ends with the general and particular conclusions and recommendations of the social sciences area.

En este libro se presentan los principales referentes que han configurado el discurso de lo que hoy entendemos por animación sociocultural (ASC). Se profundiza en su sentido y la utilidad que actualmente tiene y se establecen relaciones con otros conceptos y prácticas sociales, culturales y educativas, como el desarrollo comunitario, la educación en tiempo libre, las políticas de juventud o las políticas culturales. Desarrollar las comunidades y empoderarlas es ? o debería ser? la aspiración máxima de toda iniciativa de ASC. La voluntad de favorecer el crecimiento y la autonomía individual y...

Esta obra explora de una forma práctica el estudio de caso. La autora aprovecha suamplia experiencia en la materia para mostrarnos de una forma exhaustiva cómo diseñar, conducir y publicar sobre investigación cualitativa. Contribuye a despejar las dudas máscomunes en el estudio de caso. Los cuatro apartados del título se refieren a: El concepto y el diseño del estudio de caso. Metodología, ética y reflexiones sobre elestudio de caso. Interpretar y analizar los resultados. Generalizaciones y teorías en el estudio de caso. Estudio de caso, investigación y práctica resulta un texto ideal para los que...