El punto de partida en este volumen nos enfrenta al cuerpo en la adolescencia, sin duda con un papel atribuido por la teoría psicoanalítica como objeto en la constitución de la vida psíquica. Por esos caminos, los analistas abordan las vicisitudes históricas del sujeto, sus relaciones de objetos significativas, así como las identificaciones. Al mismo tiempo se elabora el complejo nuclear Edipo-castración, clave esencial para una verdadera realización de un proceso analítico con adolescentes. Asimismo, descubriremos una serie de hallazgos clínicos yericuetos en el sufrimiento del adolescente, donde...

Los Analistas, En El Contexto Del "Derecho Igualitario" Podemos Hacer Valer La Diferencia Ofreciendo A Los Pacientes Algunos Encuentros En Los Que Perder Un Goce Y Ganar Saber, Un Saber - Hacer. Para Ello Vale Matizar El "Para Todos", De Este Igualitarismo Garantista, Con Un "Para Todos, Los Que Quieran". De Esta Forma Puede Llegar A Restituirse, En La Clínica En Contextos De Salud Pública, La Condición Del Sujeto Que Puede Llegar A Ser Rechazada Cuando Los Ideales De Igualdad Se Traducen En Garantías, Guías Clínicas, Protocolos Y Algoritmos Reduciendo El Malestar Clínico A Una Condición Biomédica.

Ruth Macklin, profesora de ética del Departamento de Epidemiología de la Facultad Albert Einstein de Nueva York, fue la ponente invitada a las III Conferencias Josep Egozcue. Macklin dedicó el ciclo a tratar la ética y la investigación clínica. Este cuaderno incluye sus tres conferencias: la ética de la investigación en la actualidad, la ética en la investigación multinacional y las zonas grises de la investigación.

La obra pretende acercar al mayor número posible de profesionales que trabajan en este campo un abordaje práctico de los problemas de salud más frecuentes durante la infancia, intentando identificar los conocimientos y las habilidades necesarias para prestar una atención integral al niño que consulta por una urgencia médica, tanto en situaciones generales como específicas. Será útil tanto a los médicos generales como a los especialistas, a los diplomados universitarios de enfermería (DUE) y a los alumnos de Medicina de últimos años, y se dirige en particular a todos los organismos e instituciones de asistencia médica urgente, tanto hospitalaria como extrahospitalaria.

Background Retinopathy of prematurity is the major cause of blindness in children in Colombia. This cause of childhood blindness is irreversible when stablished, but 100% preventable with the adequate strategies put in place. This raises important questions concerning strategies to reduce the incidence of blindness as a result of ROP, which should ensure that all infants who are at risk of blinding ROP are examined in screening programmes. Aim The aim was to collect data in the neonatal intensive care units. This was used to evaluate the existing human and material resources for preventing, screening and treating ROP and rehabilitation of children suffering from ROP. The data helped to do an analysis of gaps in the service and allowed to present a proposal for a programme to prevent blindness due to ROP in the cities of Manizales, Pereira and Armenia, Colombia. Methods 7 NICUs were visited in the three cities. The study collected quantitative data on neonatal intensive care units, admission and survival of premature babies during 2010, human resources and infrastructure and data on knowledge of the Colombian guidelines on ROP. Results The survival rates vary according to the provider. They are higher in the private sector, and lower in the public sector. Overall, the available data allowed us to estimate that there are approximately 45,000 births per year (2010) in the region (95% occur in hospital) and 1.8% of all the births are less than 2,000g. Therefore, in the region, 810 babies per year weighing less than 2,000g are at risk of developing any type of ROP. The number of places, ventilators and monitors is sufficient. Staffing is adequate in the private NICUs, with a shortage of neonatologists in the public NICUs. The number of nurses monitoring babies is universally adequate, but the lack of knowledge in controlling risk factors of developing ROP such as monitoring oxygen in a constraint. An ROP screening programme is not available in public NICUs and in some of the mixed providers. The Kangaroo Mother programme lack of screening for ROP. Conclusions The unstable health system has allowed (i) unsustainable NICUs and programmes for ROP (ii) If available, programmes running without being monitored or evaluated, and, (iii) no screening in public and some mixed NICUs in Manizales, Pereira and Armenia. (iv) no screening for ROP in the Kangaroo Mother Programe As access and survival rates improve in the NICUS of these cities, ROP is likely to continue to be a significant cause of blindness in the region, despite the progress that has been achieved with the 2010 Colombian guidelines for screening and treating ROP. Recommendations The results suggest that the prevention of blinding ROP is a complex task in Colombia that requires concomitant strategies to be put in place: Firstly, national policies in screening for ROP and oxygen delivery for the babies in the NICUs are needed. Secondly, as a primary preventive strategy, training nurses in the NICUs to control and monitor the delivery of oxygen; as a secondary preventive strategy, ROP programmes offered to the public, mixed, private NICUs and to the Kangaro Mother Programme; as a tertiary strategy, rehabilitation providing a low vision centre for these children Thirdly, running ROP programmes need to be monitored and evaluated.

Background: Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are a public health problem that increase health care costs. This article aimed to systematically review the literature and meta-analyze studies investigating risk factors (RFs) independently associated with HAIs in hospitalized adults. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS) were searched to identify studies from 2009-2016. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and compared across the groups. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Results: Of 867 studies, 65 met the criteria for review, and the data of 18 were summarized in the meta-analysis. The major RFs independently associated with HAIs were diabetes mellitus (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.27-2.44), immunosuppression (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47), body temperature (MD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.83), surgery time in minutes (MD, 34.53; 95% CI, 22.17-46.89), reoperation (RR, 7.94; 95% CI, 5.49-11.48), cephalosporin exposure (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.30-2.42), days of exposure to central venous catheter (MD, 5.20; 95% CI, 4.91-5.48), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (RR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.79-7.92), ICU stay in days (MD, 21.30; 95% CI, 19.81-22.79), and mechanical ventilation (OR, 12.95; 95% CI, 6.28-26.73). Conclusions: Identifying RFs that contribute to develop HAIs may support the implementation of strategies for their prevention, therefore maximizing patient safety.

Sin duda, ver los sistemas de salud desde la perspectiva de la investigación de operaciones impone nuevos retos que no son insalvables. Hay en los sistemas de salud desafíos y dilemas a los que quizás antes no nos veíamos enfrentados al trabajar en otras industrias o servicios. Desde dilemas éticos, causados por la naturaleza del servicio de salud como un derecho fundamental, bien sea porque en las decisiones que se modelan muchas veces están involucradas las vidas y el bienestar de los pacientes, o porque los objetivos de los sistemas de salud van más allá de la rentabilidad o la disminución de...

La formación del médico general requiere el conocimiento científico del comportamiento del metabolismo de los tejidos y sistemas en condiciones de salud para poder establecer un diagnóstico acertado y las orientaciones adecuadas al surgir fallas de los mismos en el curso de las enfermedades. Por lo tanto, un propósito central de este libro es aportar conocimiento actualizado acerca de las características del metabolismo del sistema digestivo, el hígado y las vías biliares, así como de los mecanismos de adaptación entre estos y los demás tejidos en condiciones fisiológicas que explican la respuesta...

The current study analyzed attitudes towards size and physical appearance among four hundred and seventy Colombian and two hundred and ten American college students. The effects of gender and culture (and their interaction) on thin ideal internalization, sociocultural pressure to be thin, and body image dissatisfaction were examined in the sample.  Results from the study showed that there are differences between gender and country: Colombian students perceived themselves as having a better body image overall compared to American students; females from both countries had a lower body image satisfaction compared to males. Surprisingly, males from both countries worry about their physical size and appearance. Implications for future research include validating instruments especially for a Colombian population, as well as continuing to include males in studies related to body image and eating disorders because it was found that they were also unsatisfied with their overall body image.