Este texto muestra cómo el riesgo se ha convertido en un tema popular en las últimas décadas y cómo este proceso afecta el campo de la promoción de la salud, incluidas las cuestiones relacionadas con el estilo de vida, genética y contextos socioculturales. Además de discutir los aspectos técnicos, metodológicos y teóricos, llama la atención sobre publicidad asociada con la percepción de las amenazas constantes y la aversión obsesiva a todos los riesgos. Aunque -por supuesto- no hacen apología de la exposición desmedida a las amenazas reconocidas para la salud y la vida, adopta una actitud crítica hacia el generador de comportamiento "riesgofóbico" ansiedad e inseguridad.

Tesis de autoría de Bernardo Giraldo para optar por el título de Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía, en la que analiza diferentes aspectos relacionados con los transtornos del habla y la comunicación en los humanos.

Zanahoria-Daucus carota

Pregnancy during adolescence is a worldwide public health concern. In developing countries, 14 million adolescents give birth each year, which accounts for 90% of all worldwide pregnancies. The proportion of adolescent women aged 10-19 whom have been pregnant in Mitú, Colombia is of approximately 25%, in comparison to 19.5% at the national level. This report aims to review the effectiveness and identifying best practice of adolescent pregnancy interventions in low and middle income countries and use formative research to make specific recommendations for policy and practice to prevent adolescent pregnancy in Mitú, Colombia. EMBASE, Medline, CINHAL, Cochrane library, GLOBAL HEALTH, ADOLEC, Popline, LILACS and REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LIBRARY were searched to identify studies examining adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions in developing countries. GOOGLE was searched to identify grey literature. Five semi-structured interviews were also conducted with key service providers in the field of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Mitú to explore the needs of the region in regards to adolescent pregnancy prevention and the barriers and facilitators for programme implementation. The literature review found that adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions in developing countries had a positive impact on the knowledge of pregnancy prevention and may contribute to the delay of sexual initiation. However, impact on the use of contraceptive methods and reduction of adolescent pregnancy inconclusive. Interviews revealed key societal, familial and individual factors that were viewed to be linked to adolescent pregnancy in Mitú. Relationships between military personnel and young women appeared to be an important factor in high teenage pregnancy rates. Barriers for the adequate implementation and continuation of programmes included lack of political commitment, lack of financial, human and material resources and lack of inter-institutional collaboration, the high rate of staff turnover and the lack of monitoring programmes. Only few facilitators were mentioned that consisted mainly in the willing of both adolescent and military to collaborate in the implementation of adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions. In conclusion, evidence suggests that adolescent pregnancy prevention strategies are effective in increasing knowledge of pregnancy and might delay sexual initiation in low and middle-income countries. Features of effective programmes were identified and discussed and are important in designing and developing new strategies. However, cultural, environmental and social barriers need to be addressed through political commitment and inter-institutional collaboration in order to develop effective interventions for pregnancy prevention in Mitú.

Tesis escrita por Ramón V. Lanao en 1891, para optar por el título de Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad Nacional. Su estudio se concentra en las patologías presentes en el clima cafetero, caracterizado por tener temperatura media de 19° a 22°, aire templado y húmedo, y vientos y lluvias suaves.

Many low- and middle-income countries are experiencing a rapid increase of overweight and obesity rates. Nonetheless, there are some concerns not only about the pace of the increase in overweight and obesity, but also about inequalities in their distribution across social groups. The main aims of this thesis were to: i) examine socioeconomic differences in overweight and obesity over the last decades among women of childbearing age in low- and middle- income countries; ii) determine the contribution of reproductive variables (e.g., parity, age at first birth, breastfeeding) to socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries; and iii) assess the impact of recently adopted poverty reduction policies, namely conditional cash transfer programs (CCT) on determinants of child health and children´s nutritional status. Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women has increased in most low- and middle-income countries across all educational groups and occupational classes in the last two decade. Nonetheless, overweight and obesity trends have rapidly increased among less educated and lower occupational classes especially in North Africa/West and Central Asia (NWA), Sub-Saharan (SS) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. For example, women working in agriculture and production sector had an annual increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity ranged from 2.8% in LAC region to 3.7% in the SS region. In addition, women with lower age at first birth, high parity, and shorter duration of breastfeeding had an increased odds of overweight. Nonetheless, those reproductive factors did not play a key role in explaining differences in overweight by socioeconomic status and related trends. Finally, the CCT Familias en Accion was associated with significant higher BMI z-scores among children beneficiaries of this program; BMI-for-age z-scores (β=0.14, 95%CI 0.00, 0.27, p <0.05). These results suggest that in future years, the unequal distribution of body weight between and within societies likely contributes to perpetuate poverty and poor health as in high-income countries. In addition, poverty reduction policies such as CCT programs in a middle- income country such as Colombia have not been very successful in preventing overweight and obesity. Therefore, additional efforts specifically focused on preventing an increase in inequalities in overweight and obesity are needed, targeting mothers and children from low income households.

Palau, v.6 (1926), p. 55

Digitalizado únicamente el v.1

Con esta cartilla se pretende que el socorredor minero conozca, aprenda y practique  las técnicas de manejo y transporte de lesionados, utilizando los elementos más adecuados existentes en el sitio de accidente.

En esta cartilla se dan los conocimientos teóricos y el procedimiento general para elaborar el diagnóstico lo más acertadamente posible y brindar al paciente la asistencia requerida en forma adecuada  y eficiente, con los elementos que disponga el socorredor en el sitio de emergencia.