El libro presenta y justifica un método para diseñar un sistema de indicadores sobre el que apoyar la gestión estratégica y táctica de la empresa. Sistema de indicadores para la mejora y el control integrada de la calidad de los procesos, con el método propuesto, enlaza los indicadores de nivel estratégico que forman el Balanced Scorecard con indicadores más tácticos utilizados para el control y la mejora de los procesos de la organización. Y bajo este enfoque desarrolla un procedimiento riguroso para evaluar el impacto de las decisiones sobre la calidad de los procesos en los resultados financieros...

Sistematización de los aspectos teóricos relativos a la resistencia, la propulsión y el gobierno del buque, con las respectivas aplicaciones en el dominio de la ingeniería naval.

hina’s air pollution has reached a critical state, and is characterized by heavy coal smoke and a wide presence of ozone and particulate matter (PM2.5). From 2011, through the 12th five year plan, the prevention and control of air pollution entered a new ‘transition stage’ guided by the principles of sustainability and energy conservation, and also intensified by pressure from the society. This article is divided into two parts: first, it introduces the most important changes, problems and advances during this transition, including a brief explanation of the policy mechanisms. Second, it illustrates how research in the area of Science and Technology Studies (STS) can bring about new ways to understand the problems of the knowledge-policy and public engagement of air pollution in China.

En este texto se encuentran datos sobre construcción de líneas eléctricas aéreas, los conductores, los aisladores y sus diferencias, las campanas del aislador, soportes de líneas y postes de madera y de concreto.

A technological and environmental alternative has been studied for about a decade to reduce the consumption of coal. It consists of substitute one part of the coal by biomass (neutral generated of CO2) in a co-_ring process. The co-_ring process consists of the controlled combustion of two or more fuels in the same burner. According to research performed in the US and Europe this process has economic and technical viability. And depending on the characteristics of the fuel, this process can contribute reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG). This thesis presents a methodological proposal to analyze and evaluate a thermoelectric power plant from the exergoenviromental point of view, operating in co-_ring process and using coal and biomass. The boundary of the problem is composed by the power plant and the technological paths to obtain and manipulate the fuels. Exergy is used in the thermodynamic analysis and the life cycle assessment method is proposed to quantify the environmental impact. The climate change category was used following the global warming potential index. Two scenarios were evaluated: scenario A corresponds to the power plant operating with 100% coal and scenario B corresponds to the power plant operating in co-_ring with 90% of coal and 10% of biomass. The technological route used for the coal is established between the southern mineral region of the state of Santa Catarina and the Jorge Lacerda thermoelectric power plant complex, which is located at Capivari de Baixo. The information utilized for the biomass path was obtained from the research performed in the thermoelectric power plant complex. The purpose of this task was to use the biomass from the rice farms as fuel. The analysis showed that the power plant is largely responsible for exergy destruction. Moreover it has the largest generated impact associated with the analyzed category. From these results, an exergoenvironmental analysis for the representative thermodynamic cycle was performed. The results showed that the boiler constitutes the equipment with the largest potential of improvement.  Finally, an exergoenvironmental global index was proposed to compare the exergoenvironmental impact of the thermoelectric generation process for both scenarios, which were compared with Carnot cycle scenario. The exergoenvironmental global index showed that 11% improvement is possible for the scenario B when compared with scenario A without taking in account the biomass microbial decomposition and up to the 35% when the decomposition was considered.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of the latest mobile communication technologies being commercially deployed worldwide. It has emerged as a promising technology for new applications such as mobile video surveillance (IPVS) due to its higher data throughputs as well as the quality of the service management capabilities. This work focuses on the performance evaluation of a mobile and real-time IPVS system over a LTE network in both operation modes, namely FDD and TDD. The QoS Requirements for the IPVS were defined and two simulation analyses were performed in OPNET Modeler in order to compare them to the QoS Delivered. The first analysis studied the performance of the IPVS service from a capacity point of view in a single cell scenario while the second analysis looked at the performance of the IPVS service in a sample network configuration including several cells. In light of the analysed results it was evidenced the flexibility of TDD operation mode in terms of capacity as well as its higher delay and packet delay behaviours in comparison with FDD operation mode. Additionally it was shown that TDD index 6 does not comply with the QoS performance required for an IPVS service in a multi cell network. 

During the last decades there has been an increase in the generation of solid wastes in the world, in developing countries the situation has been specifically critical since in many cases there is no adequate treatment for the solid waste due to the scarcity of the resources and to the poor conscience of the real situation and possible consequences. This document presents the composting method as a suitable alternative for the treatment of solid waste in developing countries considering that its costs are not so high and that the composition of the solid waste is mainly organic. The analysis was based on a current literature review and on the study of some cases of composting projects, according to the results an operational guideline for the development of composting projects in developing countries was proposed. The guideline is composed of two main cores: the planning system and the evaluation system. The planning system supports the development of a composting project and the evaluation system is a base for the comparison of performance between different future cases.

Engineered barriers are used in the containment of hazardous materials and are usually a composite of compacted clayey soil and a synthetic membrane. Containment elements such as landfill liners should be designed to control or prevent leachate migration or groundwater ingress. Engineering specifications for a compacted clay liner are based mainly in a hydraulic conductivity less than 10-9 m/s and the need for stability during construction and operation of the landfill. Sandbentonite mixtures are often used as a barrier material. The addition of relatively small amounts of bentonite (5-15%) can improve the performance of a granular material providing both a low permeability and an enhanced mechanical stability. However not all the possible compaction conditions produce a low permeability and mechanically stable material. Changes in water content after compaction can cause swelling or collapse depending on the stress and suction conditions before the water content change occurs. A laboratory investigation of the swelling-collapse behaviour of compacted mixtures of Sand-bentonite has been undertaken. Compaction and suction characteristics were established. The suction and volume change characteristics were investigated through a series of oedometer tests. The central part of the experimental programme focused on the detailed investigation of the processes of swelling and collapse during controlled wetting.To do this, a significant number of modifications were required to the existing apparatus. Fabric studies including Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry were also undertaken. Intrinsic behaviour and the relationship between suction and water content were comprehensively studied. A parametric study of the influence of bentonite content and sand grading was also undertaken. The results are presented and analysed. Recommendations for future research are made.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an emerging technology designed to tackle climate change by making processes more sustainable. This work gives a technical review of the current status of this process in order to compare it with the production of biochar. The latter is a carbon-rich material obtained when biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen. Although this production technique, which is called pyrolysis, has been known for centuries, there is little information regarding its process at an industrial level. As a result, this dissertation presents a study of the feasibility of biochar production as a means of carbon capture and storage. In other words, this research generates an approach to provide a preliminary estimate of the potential of large-scale biochar production to reduce atmospheric CO2. In this context, it is important to consider that pyrolysis-based biochar could be valuable in terms of soil improvement, crop yield increase, bioenergy generation and greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets. In this perspective, there are two categories of pyrolysis: fast and slow. Fast pyrolysis produces biochar in a matter of seconds, whereas slow pyrolysis produces a higher conversion to biochar but in a matter of hours. Generally speaking, the pyrolysis-based process is considered to be carbon-negative, because biochar production could reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. In terms of the data analysis, several factors were considered and some assumptions were made. These assumptions are based on the literature because biochar production is not yet available at a commercial scale. According to the results, the cost to capture a tonne of carbon dioxide is $6.47 and $32.49 for fast and slow pyrolysis respectively. Therefore, although it is not a profitable technology, it could be cost competitive compared with CCS projects.

This study presents an analysis on data from multiple power meters across Monash University in Australia. Special emphasis is made on the methodology to fill the missing values and fix the wrong data. Different techniques were used to analyse the data: visual analytics, k-means clustering and principal component analysis. Este estudio presenta un analisis de datos provenientes de multiples medidores de consumo eletrico en la Universidad Monash en Australia. Se hace especial enfasis en la metodologia para llenar los datos faltantes y depurar los existentes. Ademas de “visual analytics” se usaron diversas tecnicas, entre ellas: “principal component analysis” y “k-means clustering”.