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Imagen de apoyo de Operational guideline for composting projects in developing countries = Guía operativa para proyectos de compostaje en países en desarrollo

Operational guideline for composting projects in developing countries = Guía operativa para proyectos de compostaje en países en desarrollo

Por: Natalia Giraldo Gómez | Fecha: 2014

During the last decades there has been an increase in the generation of solid wastes in the world, in developing countries the situation has been specifically critical since in many cases there is no adequate treatment for the solid waste due to the scarcity of the resources and to the poor conscience of the real situation and possible consequences. This document presents the composting method as a suitable alternative for the treatment of solid waste in developing countries considering that its costs are not so high and that the composition of the solid waste is mainly organic. The analysis was based on a current literature review and on the study of some cases of composting projects, according to the results an operational guideline for the development of composting projects in developing countries was proposed. The guideline is composed of two main cores: the planning system and the evaluation system. The planning system supports the development of a composting project and the evaluation system is a base for the comparison of performance between different future cases.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Operational guideline for composting projects in developing countries = Guía operativa para proyectos de compostaje en países en desarrollo

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Imagen de apoyo de QoS Performance Evaluation of a Real‐Time Mobile Video Surveillance in a LTE Network = Evaluación de Rendimiento de QoS de un Sistema de Video Vigilancia en una red LTE

QoS Performance Evaluation of a Real‐Time Mobile Video Surveillance in a LTE Network = Evaluación de Rendimiento de QoS de un Sistema de Video Vigilancia en una red LTE

Por: Sebastián Pineda Carrillo | Fecha: 2013

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of the latest mobile communication technologies being commercially deployed worldwide. It has emerged as a promising technology for new applications such as mobile video surveillance (IPVS) due to its higher data throughputs as well as the quality of the service management capabilities. This work focuses on the performance evaluation of a mobile and real-time IPVS system over a LTE network in both operation modes, namely FDD and TDD. The QoS Requirements for the IPVS were defined and two simulation analyses were performed in OPNET Modeler in order to compare them to the QoS Delivered. The first analysis studied the performance of the IPVS service from a capacity point of view in a single cell scenario while the second analysis looked at the performance of the IPVS service in a sample network configuration including several cells. In light of the analysed results it was evidenced the flexibility of TDD operation mode in terms of capacity as well as its higher delay and packet delay behaviours in comparison with FDD operation mode. Additionally it was shown that TDD index 6 does not comply with the QoS performance required for an IPVS service in a multi cell network. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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QoS Performance Evaluation of a Real‐Time Mobile Video Surveillance in a LTE Network = Evaluación de Rendimiento de QoS de un Sistema de Video Vigilancia en una red LTE

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Los aisladores eléctricos y los postes o torres de líneas eléctricas

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Imagen de apoyo de Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

Por: Raúl Eduardo Gutiérrez Gómez | Fecha: 2009

The results of this report indicate how niche product developments for Space Based Solar Power (SBSP) can be easily achieved using present day technology, which markets need to be addressed, which niche configurations to pursue, and which organizations have the needed competencies to proceed. Classical SBSP concepts generally call for large rigid systems to be placed in orbit to collect and transmit several GW of energy down to Earth’s commercial electricity grid, and are still faced with many problems including system complexity, development, and costs. Smaller more specific niche applications of these concepts focus on different markets with lower complexity and barriers to entry while developing technologies and infrastructure needed for the classical SBSP. Technical research was performed in order to identify potential system configurations as well as crucial competencies and technologies needed by the SBSP effort. A pair of unique technical configurations was proposed in an attempt to mitigate standard SBSP challenges such as construction, rigidity, and launch costs. A strategic evaluation tool was created to evaluate all potential system configurations in terms of risk and complexity; ideal configurations were chosen based on anticipated markets and the results from the strategic analysis. Market research was performed in order to understand and valuate the utility of different niche configurations; these included the scientific, remote, green, space to space, and military markets. Very high value segments were observed in each of these market areas with a range of $0.37 to $1.88 USD per kwh for Terrestrial applications, and a range of $380.00 to $1200.00 per kwh for space applications. Exploration of the European Carbon Trading Exchange as a source of revenue is explored due to CO2 offsets. A unique satellite product is proposed and valuated which receives energy directly from an external on orbit source. The value of restoring functionality to damaged satellites is estimated in the millions of dollars.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

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Imagen de apoyo de Mixing surround sound in headphones = Mezclando en formato surround por medio de audífonos

Mixing surround sound in headphones = Mezclando en formato surround por medio de audífonos

Por: Alejandro Quintero Montero | Fecha: 2013

Mixing sound in headphones has always been a very attractive idea. They are portable, allow for surgical listening and are very affordable when compared to the cost of an adequately treated mixing room equipped with high-fidelity loudspeakers. The approach in this project was to design a workflow permitting to mix in surround format while monitoring through headphones. By reproducing the filtering responsible for accurate localization of sounds that occurs in the human auditory system using Binaural technology, a portable “virtual mixing studio” was designed and employed in the creation of three surround soundtracks for film material. Chapter 1 of this paper gives a description of the 5.1 surround system features and Binaural technology. Chapter 2 outlines the tools used to design a workflow allowing to produce and render a mix in 5.1 format. Chapter 3 describes the process of creating a 5.1 mix while monitoring through headphones. Chapter 4 provides a description of a listening experiment: aims, method, result, and discussion.
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Mixing surround sound in headphones = Mezclando en formato surround por medio de audífonos

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Imagen de apoyo de Assessment, analysis and improvement of the energy demand in the actively controlled storage facility from the national museum of Scotland

Assessment, analysis and improvement of the energy demand in the actively controlled storage facility from the national museum of Scotland

Por: Piedad Rocío Mora Quintero | Fecha: 2015

The building sector plays a significant role regarding CO2 generation in the UK, accounting for 37%. Efforts have been oriented to lower the energy consumption by increasing the efficiency of conditioning systems and by integrating smart designs that lower the energy requirements. The newest storage facility from NMS was designed to use energy efficiently to provide the necessary environmental conditions to approximately 10 million items with specific climate conditions. However, the designers are interested to know how the building is performing and how the energy usage could be lowered. In this report, an assessment of this distinctive building with a dual nature of a storage facility coexisting with a research workplace is conducted. Initially, it was unforeseen how much energy had been used by each piece of equipment; given the type of data recorded, the assessment is performed in a detailed fashion to provide the figures that could help to make decisions to modify the energy usage. Additionally, even though the building was designed using efficient equipment, with air-tightness that was classified as better than typical and a good isolated envelop, opportunities were still found to improve even more its operative functions and hence to reduce the annual cost of energy and the CO2 emissions generation. The results show how to reduce the energy consumption at practically zero cost by making more flexible the temperature settings and by modifying the control strategy, resulting mainly in savings up to 35% in gas consumption. Another potential solution is provided by calculating the energy that a PV array could harvest. Two other recommendations that cannot be implemented are assessed. More elaborated strategies can be analysed and implemented when environmental-friendly buildings are designed. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Assessment, analysis and improvement of the energy demand in the actively controlled storage facility from the national museum of Scotland

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Imagen de apoyo de Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

Por: Juliana Andrea Bello Sierra | Fecha: 2012

In this master thesis were characterized two highly porous media and a conduit in sandstone with special focus in the transition region between the laminar and turbulent states. As porous media were used glass beads and coarse sand of similar size, 2 and 1.9 mm respectively; for the laboratory work was used a setup where was possible to control the discharge and was measured the hydraulic head. Laminar flow ceases at Reynolds number of 0.25 in glass beads and 0.21 in coarse sand. The flow follows the same pathway between laminar and transitional, without regard if the velocity was increasing or decreasing. A conduit of 5 mm diameter was drilled in a fragment of sandstone for the experiments. The discharge and head losses through the conduit were measured. It was possible to establish two critical Reynolds values, 365 and 3060, for the state change between laminar to transitional and transitional to turbulent. A hysteretic behavior was observed when the flow switches between laminar and transitional. All the results were modeled using the Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 and compared with the experimental data. For porous media there is not a good agreement between the outputs of the model and the measured data.
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Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

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Imagen de apoyo de Impact of the pump systems availability in the plant maintenance: model development

Impact of the pump systems availability in the plant maintenance: model development

Por: Juan José Hernández Bello | Fecha: 2006

The present work aims to describe and analyse the influence of the reliability and maintainability of the pump systems on the overall plant availability. The study was developed into an aliphatic solvent plant situated in Colombia and owned by the state company Ecopetrol S.A. This plant is composed of six pump systems, each one of them with parallel redundancy, working in series. The first step during the process was the identification of the dominant failure modes for these pump systems according to historical maintenance information collected during the last nine years and recorded in the CMMS of the company. For these dominant failure modes a Weibull analysis was carried out in order to determine the main parameters of the failure probability distribution function and, in this way, to build a mathematical model useful for predictions of future failures. Additionally, a maintainability model was developed based on the current repair process capability of the work shop employed by the company. By employing reliability block diagrams the reliability dependencies between components, items, units, and systems were taking into account. A general model for the whole plant unit was built and several simulations were performed using Monte Carlo techniques. The simulation results were helpful to identify the more sensitive elements for the overall plant availability and suggest some maintenance and operational actions in order to reduce plant downtime and maintenance costs.
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Impact of the pump systems availability in the plant maintenance: model development

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Imagen de apoyo de Urban River Restoration in Colombia – viewed as whole in order to reduce hydraulic risk and pollution = Restauración de rios urbanos en Colombia – visión de conjunto para disminuir el riesgo hidráulico y la contaminación

Urban River Restoration in Colombia – viewed as whole in order to reduce hydraulic risk and pollution = Restauración de rios urbanos en Colombia – visión de conjunto para disminuir el riesgo hidráulico y la contaminación

Por: Freddy Leonardo Franco Idarraga | Fecha: 2011

Colombia is a privileged country with the amount of water it has, but due to the inadequate conjunction between hydric wealth and land use, we have lived in continuous tragedy, spending huge resources on ongoing reconstructions and helping the floods and landslides victims. However, floods are natural events, in many cases exacerbated by men’s actions over the territory; events to which no country is exempted, but with consequences that vary according to the characteristics of the duo people-territory and its relationships with the water bodies. This document, offers a review of the characteristics and criteria that define a river in good ecological status, and the anthropic pressures, with its impacts and effects over the water courses, deepening into the hydraulic risk, water quality and the disturbance of the natural environments. Continue presenting the “River Restoration” as a new form of river management, reasoning about the Colombian hydric problems, making emphasis on the pollution problems and disasters related to water; and suggesting solutions from the River Restoration perspective for some specific urban cases and linking this new fluvial hydraulic with the “National Police for Integral Management of the Hydric Resource”.
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Urban River Restoration in Colombia – viewed as whole in order to reduce hydraulic risk and pollution = Restauración de rios urbanos en Colombia – visión de conjunto para disminuir el riesgo hidráulico y la contaminación

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Imagen de apoyo de Stereophonic recording angle and angular distortion: a closer look into stereo microphone techniques = Ángulo de grabación estereofónica y distorsión angular: una mirada cercana a las técnicas de microfonía estereofónicas

Stereophonic recording angle and angular distortion: a closer look into stereo microphone techniques = Ángulo de grabación estereofónica y distorsión angular: una mirada cercana a las técnicas de microfonía estereofónicas

Por: María Elisa Ayerbe Barona | Fecha: 2015

This thesis examines my theoretical research and practical experimentation performed over a period of 10 months concerning stereophonic recording arrays and the effect of Stereophonic Recording Angle (SRA) and Angular Distortion (AD), based on Williams’ research. In essence, the objective of this personal experience is to serve as a guide for any recording engineer or audio student interested in taking a closer look into stereophonic microphone arrays and its relation to the recorded stereo image. The emphasis made on the study of Stereophonic Recording Angle and Angular Distortion will provide the reader with the necessar information in order to decide which stereo microphone combination will provide the best result for any given recording situation. The research portion of this paper delivers a comprehensive approach to the fundamental physics and psychoacoustics involved in the recording and reproduction of stereophonic microphone techniques and how they relate to SRA and AD. Furthermore, the sections of analysis of the recording exercises and final recordings describe the methodology and results of hours of recorded rehearsals with several acoustic music ensembles at Middle Tennessee State University. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Stereophonic recording angle and angular distortion: a closer look into stereo microphone techniques = Ángulo de grabación estereofónica y distorsión angular: una mirada cercana a las técnicas de microfonía estereofónicas

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