Abstract: Objective: To analyze the population prevalence and birth prevalence of oral clefts in Colombia from 2009 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study using information from the National Administrative Records of Colombia. The data came from 2 types of administrative records (Surveillance System and the Individual Registry of Service Provision) and the oral health national survey. Population prevalence and birth prevalence by type of cleft lip and/or cleft (CL/P) ratios were calculated using Poisson distribution for count data and to assess stationary tests on time series (Dickey-Fuller) and (Phillips-Perron) was used. Results: Population prevalence in Colombia was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.21-3.32) and birth prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births (95% CI, 5.67-6.35). Bogot´a have the highest population prevalence with CL/P. In the analysis of trends for the prevalence proportion by type of clefts in newborn babies with cleft, it was observed that the highest proportion was for babies with CLP. Cleft lip (CL) has increased from 17.4% in 2014 to 34.2% in 2017, cleft palate (CP) has decreased from 32.9% to 20.2%; and CLP changed from 49.6% to 45.5% in the same period. Conclusions: The population prevalence was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants. Births prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births, and Orinoquia and Amazonia have higher rates than the national average. The administrative registers are adequate systems to know the behavior of oral clefts. The CL/P had a nonstationary trend during the period 2014 to 2017.

Abstract: Background: Seasonal Influenza is considered to be a cyclic and ordered sequence of values, influenced by external factors that can be predicted and used to detect disease outbreaks and monitoring. In machine learning, the key challenges that limit these analyses are in model explainability and limitations associated with ecological bias. Aim: Determine the best environmental variable selection method to predict Seasonal Influenza in Norway, using an environmental medicine approach combined with machine learning techniques. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study that compares three approaches (non-variable selection, isolate component, and multipollutant mixture), represented in five methods (univariable, bivariable, multivariable AME, multivariable PCA, multivariable LDA). Per method, the best co-variable combination will be performed, following the internal rules of each method. The best covariable combination is the result of three components: variable selection, validation data set and lag. The first one involves 13 environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation, CO, NO, NO2, O3, PM10, PM2,5 and SO2); second one compares a test dataset compiled from the data from 2019, last year (2018) and a synthetic environmental (avg. 2013-2018) data set in the validation process; and the third one compares a combination of lag from 0 to 12. All the predictions are made using ARIMA algorithm. The evaluation is given in terms of MAE, MSE, RMSE, OR. The training set is from 2 Jun 2013 (week 22/2013) to 28 May 2018 (week 21/2018), and test set is from (week 22/2018) to (week 21/2019) with a window of predictions of 52 weeks. Results: The increment of dimensionality in the environmental variable selection introduce different noise levels and optimize the prediction. Considerations that impact the explainability, usability, ecological bias and performance will be described. Conclusion: The increment of dimensionality in the variable selection has a better impact on performance than using complex algorithms.

Abstract: Biological and physiological changes in response to stress are crucial to achieving adaption to environmental constraints. Typical stress responses activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis, which aim to maintain homeostasis in response to demands and influence various biological responses at neuroendocrine, cellular, and immune levels. In particular, there is compelling evidence showing the devastating effects of high-stress levels on immune responses and brain functionality. In that sense, data suggest that a sustained stress-physiological response predicts decreases in immunity and leads to allostatic load, the wear, and tear of biological systems. Similarly, in cancer research, chronic stress levels have been reported to impair the bodysurveillance systems and be related to cancer incidence, progression, and mortality. Despite the evidence demonstrating the associations between stress and cancer, there are limited data on whether lifetime stress exposure relates to clinical indicators of cancer aggressiveness. Considering the evidence showing the adverse effects of prolonged stress exposure on cancer disease, this thesis aimed to explore the relationship between lifetime stress exposure and the clinical characteristics of tumor-aggressiveness in a cohort of patients affected with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Likewise, as research has shown that coping responses moderate the stress-physiological response, we aimed to investigate the role of coping responses in moderating the association between tumor aggressiveness and lifetime stress exposure. According to the scientific literature, high-stress levels would increase physiological arousal and allostatic load favoring a debilitated immune system. Thus, we hypothesized finding positive associations between lifetime stress exposure and tumor-aggressiveness. In the same line, we suspected that adaptative coping styles would be negatively related to tumoraggressiveness. The participants of this study were 29 women diagnosed with TNBC who were treated in the University Hospital for Gynecology Pius-Hospital (Oldenburg, Germany). Correlation and moderation regression analyses with the use of composite scores were conducted. Overall, we could not demonstrate significant associations between lifetime stress exposure and coping responses on the clinical indicators of tumor aggressiveness in this cohort of patients. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided. This study was the first to investigate the effect of lifetime stress exposure and coping response on the aggressive tumor characteristics of TNBC. We provided a deep theoretical framework to understand the interplay between biological and psychological aspects of cancer disease, and we hope that our recommendations may serve as a base for upcoming studies.

Abstract: Despite some epidemiological evidence on the protective effects of polyphenol intake on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk from case-control studies, the evidence is scarce from prospective studies and non-existent for several polyphenol classes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the intake of total, classes and subclasses of polyphenols and EOC risk in a large prospective study. The study was conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which included 309,129 adult women recruited mostly from the general population. Polyphenol intake was assessed through validated country-specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 1469 first incident EOC cases (including 806 serous, 129 endometrioid, 102 mucinous, and 67 clear cell tumours) were identified. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, the hazard ratio in the highest quartile of total polyphenol intake compared with the lowest quartile (HRQ4vsQ1) was 1.14 (95% CI 0.94–1.39; p-trend = 0.11). Similarly, the intake of most classes and subclasses of polyphenols were not related to either overall EOC risk or any EOC subtype. A borderline statistically significant positive association was observed between phenolic acid intake (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.43; p-trend = 0.02) and EOC risk, especially for the serous subtype and in women with obesity, although these associations did not exceed the Bonferroni correction threshold. The current results do not support any association between polyphenol intake and EOC in our large European prospective study. Results regarding phenolic acid intake need further investigation.

Abstract: Introduction: The occlusion of coronary grafts used during myocardial revascularization surgery is a relatively frequent event. It has been described that between 7–15% are affected before 24 hours, and up to 30% per year being mainly related to technical errors. Pulsed Doppler offers the necessary requirements for an adequate intraoperative evaluation of grafts. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate it using the Fluxvisum prototype. Material and method: Longitudinal study carried out between March 2012 and June 2016 in surgically revascularized patients in which the elaborated coronary grafts were evaluated intraoperatively using pulsed Doppler. Results: 110 patients were studied, predominantly men older than 60 years, with a high prevalence of HT, DM and previous AMI, and diagnosis on admission to NSTEMI. The average measurements were: Qmed:31.7ml/min, PI:3.2, DFI:70.2. The Qmed was the flowmeter variable that was most statistically associated with the appearance of major cardiac events. In the logistic regression, the quality of LAD revascularization stood out as the main predictor of MACE (p=0.050, OR:2.599, 95%CI:0.972-6.947), death (p=0.004, OR:13.947, 95%CI:2,311-84,163), AMI (p=0.000, OR:11.331, 95%CI:2.995-42.867) and perioperative acute ischemia (p=0.049, OR:2.864, 95%CI:0.997-8.222). Conclusions: Pulsed Doppler flowmetry proved to be a tool with high prognostic power as a predictor of postoperative comorbidity and major cardiac events in surgically revascularized patients. Resumen: Introducción: La oclusión de los injertos coronarios utilizados durante la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica es un hecho relativamente frecuente. Se ha descrito que entre el 7–15% se afectan antes de las 24 horas, y hasta un 30% al año relacionándose principalmente con errores técnicos. El Doppler pulsado ofrece los requerimientos necesarios para una adecuada evaluación intraoperatoria de los injertos. El objetivo principal de este estudio es demostrarlo utilizando el prototipo Fluxvisum. Material y método: Estudio longitudinal realizado entre marzo de 2012 y junio del 2016 en pacientes revascularizados quirúrgicamente en los que los injertos coronarios elaborados fueron evaluados intraoperatoriamente utilizando Doppler pulsado. Resultados: Se estudiaron 110 enfermos predominantemente hombres mayores de 60 años, con una alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM) e infarto agudo de miocardio (IMA) previo, y diagnostico al ingreso de SCASEST. Las mediciones promedio fueron: Qmed:31,7ml/min, IP:3,2, DFI:70,2. El Qmed fue la variable flujométrica que más se asoció estadísticamente con la aparición de eventos cardiacos mayores. En la regresión logística, la calidad de la revascularización de la DA destacó como el principal factor predictor de MACE (p=0,050, OR:2,599, CI95%:0,972–6,947), muerte (p=0,004, OR:13,947, CI95%:2,311–84,163), IMA (p=0,000, OR:11,331, CI95%:2,995–42,867) e isquemia aguda perioperatoria (p=0,049, OR:2,864, CI95%:0,997–8,222). Conclusiones: La flujometría con Doppler pulsado demostró ser una herramienta que tiene un alto poder pronóstico como predictor de comorbilidad posoperatoria y eventos cardiacos mayores en pacientes revascularizados quirúrgicamente.

En esta cartilla se da la información necesaria sobre la estructura y funcionamiento del cuerpo humano para el mejor cumplimiento de las funciones de todo socorrista  durante los primeros auxilios en el salvamento minero.

Especialización

Mowinga es un proyecto de impacto social que busca desarrollar una compañía dedicada a la producción y comercialización de productos 100% orgánicos a base de una planta llamada Moringa cuyas hojas y rama contienen múltiples nutrientes y propiedades alimenticias que le permiten a sus consumidores tener una alimentación balanceada. Este proyecto busca ser implementado en la región Caribe en donde se ve la problemática con la nutrición de los niños de bajo recursos y Mowinga puede significar la solución de raíz a ese impacto social que buscará darle solución a la poca y mala alimentación de dichos niños. También se busca llegar a las nuevas tendencias a nivel mundial sobre la "onda fit" en donde nuestros potenciales clientes buscarán con nuestros productos mejorar su estilo de vida y lograr ser saludables. Nuestro producto será Polvo de Hojas de Moringa Orgánico 100% puro, ideal para ser consumido en ensaladas, infusiones, sopas o con diferentes tipos de bebidas, para todo el público que busca beneficios. generales de salud y bienestar y será comercializado en las siguientes presentaciones: Caja moringa en polvo x 20 sachets x 200 gr Tarro de 90 cápsulas de moringa x 50 gr Sobre sellado moringa en polvo 200 gr

Impreso en el que un grupo de aprendices de farmacéutica rechaza las declaraciones de José Félix Merizalde, respecto a las irregularidades en la fabricación de medicamentos en la botica de E. Goudot. En el documento, que conserva la ortografía de la época, los firmantes señalan que las afirmaciones de Merizalde atentan contra el buen nombre y reputación de una de las boticas más importantes de Bogotá.

Impreso en el que el doctor José Félix Merizalde explica el porqué de la epidemia de neumonía en el país y los métodos que deben implementarse para la curación. En el documento también hace alusión a cada una de las etapas que tiene la enfermedad y las medidas sanitarias y públicas que deben tomarse para evitar la propagación. El documento conserva la ortografía de la época.