Abstract: The modelling of the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is not yet common in the construction industry, and BIM projects usually do not include surface-subsurface models. Hence, information about the topography, geological and geotechnical conditions is often outdated and excluded from the BIM procedures. If the surface and subsurface information is available and included in the BIM models, the processes of design, planning, construction, rehabilitation or demolition could enable advanced uses and applications of BIM that can improve the construction life cycle management. With an increasing inclusion of the subsurface in BIM models, the need for standards for this type of models is emerging. Besides, the interoperability between geological/geotechnical software and BIM is continuously improving. Thus, this thesis first explores relevant project case studies, standards and software that enable modelling of the surface and subsurface in BIM. Based on the review, a digital workflow for modelling of surface-subsurface models for demanding technological facilities is proposed and tested on a case study of the hydro-power plant project HE Mokrice. Also, a proposal for standardisation in terms of the level of development for the surface-subsurface models is discussed, as well as some interoperability analysis between the software involved. Finally, given that the infrastructure projects expose an increasing demand for BIM, consequently, this requires expertise in BIM methodologies for modelling of topography, geological and geotechnical conditions; this theoretical study and practical research work propose valuable workflows that can be implemented in the industry for technological projects. The proposed approach is opening a wide range of possibilities of uses in digital workflows that can generate significant savings in terms of time, costs, management of unforeseen events and problems for the AECO industry in the lifetime of constructions.

Abstract: This paper takes up the results of two research projects led by the authors: Contemporary Architecture in Colombia and Optimization of building management through the implementation of digital twins. These results are applied to a pedagogical investigation on the work developed in an architectural design workshop. The experience of theArchitecture and BIM workshop of the Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano(UTADEO) is presented. This academic space, which responds to some challenges of theimplementation of the BIM building information modeling in university education inColombia, uses BIM methodology to train the student in architectural designcompetencies. It highlights the one corresponding to the integration of the technicaldimension and its impact on space design decisions. The experimental exercise in the workshop seeks to transpose the methodological andtechnological advances derived from the digital transformation of the industrial sector tothe training processes in the academy. This strategy links the information modeling of thebuilding as a method to generate a change of the projective thinking and to improve thedecisionmaking for the production of architecture.In the second part of the article, on section four, from the results of the workshopexperience, we proceed to discuss the digital interface where data and information collideand the architecture teaching model in Colombia and to outline a new, more appropriateand current epistemological point of view for architecture education.This exploration of the ‘data’ theme in architecture design process through both apractice-based and a theoretical approach suggests a prospect for the future professionalpractice and its associated training processes. The possible widespread implementation of these new ways of projecting can lead to the development of a new epistemological model. Resumen: Este trabajo retoma los resultados de dos proyectos de investigación liderados por los autores: Arquitectura Contemporánea en Colombia y Optimización de la gestión de edificios mediante la implementación de gemelos digitales. Estos resultados se aplican a una investigación pedagógica sobre el trabajo desarrollado en un taller de diseño arquitectónico. Se presenta la experiencia del taller de Arquitectura y BIM de la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano (UTADEO). Este espacio académico, que responde a algunos desafíos de la implementación del modelado de información de construcción BIM en la educación universitaria en Colombia, utiliza la metodología BIM para formar al estudiante en competencias de diseño arquitectónico. Destaca el correspondiente a la integración de la dimensión técnica y su impacto en las decisiones de diseño de espacios. El ejercicio experimental en el taller busca trasponer los avances metodológicos y tecnológicos derivados de la transformación digital del sector industrial a los procesos de formación en la academia. Esta estrategia vincula el modelado de información de la edificación como método para generar un cambio del pensamiento proyectivo y mejorar la toma de decisiones para la producción de arquitectura. En la segunda parte del artículo, en la sección cuatro, a partir de los resultados de la experiencia del taller, procedemos a discutir la interfaz digital de datos e información y el modelo de enseñanza de la arquitectura en Colombia para esbozar un punto de vista epistemológico más apropiado y actual para la educación en arquitectura. Esta exploración del tema de los 'datos' en el proceso de diseño de la arquitectura basado en un enfoque teórico sugiere una perspectiva para la futura práctica profesional y sus procesos de formación asociados. La posible implantación generalizada de estas nuevas formas de proyectar puede conducir al desarrollo de un nuevo modelo epistemológico.

Abstract: This paper describes and explores practices of digital products associated with learning and education in architecture, practices of project design techniques (conception, realization, durability), designed and executed in order to generate processes, forms and visual content inappropriate to two historical modes of capitalism, the industrial and the cognitive, and their concomitant economies of work and attention. The practices were developed during the second semester of 2019 and the first semester of 2020, in two project design workshops of the School of Architecture and Habitat of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University of Bogotá. The objective is articulated with the approaches of the thematic table "Production, consumption and dissemination of educational audiovisual content in the digital medium. Learning and practice in the environment of cognitive capitalism", through the problems that it raises, namely, the possibility of generating visual content that is inappropriate for the consumer uses favored by cognitive capitalism and industrial capitalism. This, through practices of products sustained by those same modes of capitalism, which, moreover, sustain an epistemological model to which an orientation of disciplinary learning corresponds, as well as a repertoire of student and professional habits. The epistemological model is that of "conception / realization", in which the distinction between the processes that correspond to each of the terms of this (conception - realization), is essential; model to which corresponds an economy of work commonly called "chain work", in addition to an economy of attention that we will call "executive attention" and that is particularly named "entertainment" by some authors. The referred work economy is the characteristic of industrial capitalism, while the indicated attention economy is tributary to cognitive capitalism. Resumen: El presente documento sustenta, describe y explora, prácticas de productos digitales asociadas al aprendizaje y a la educación en arquitectura, esto es, prácticas de técnicas de diseño de proyecto (concepción, realización, durabilidad), pensadas y ejecutadas con el fin de generar procesos, formas y contenidos visuales inadecuados a dos modos históricos del capitalismo, el industrial y el cognitivo, y a sus economías concomitantes, la del trabajo y la de la atención. Las prácticas enunciadas se desarrollaron durante el segundo semestre del 2019 y el primer semestre del 2020, en dos talleres de diseño de proyectos de la Escuela de Arquitectura y Hábitat de la Universidad deBogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. El objetivo del presente trabajo descrito se articula con los planteamientos de la mesa temática “Producción, consumo y difusión de contenidos audiovisuales educativos en el medio digital. Aprendizaje y práctica en el entorno del capitalismo cognitivo”, mediante la problemática que losuscita, a saber, la posibilidad de generar contenidos visuales inadecuados a los usos consumistas favorecidos por el capitalismo cognitivo y el capitalismo industrial. Esto, a través de prácticas de productos sostenidos por esos mismos modos del capitalismo, los cuales, por demás, sostienen unmodelo epistemológico al cual corresponden una orientación del aprendizaje disciplinar, así comoun repertorio de hábitos estudiantiles y profesionales. El modelo epistemológico es el de “concepción / realización”, en el cual la distinción entre los procesos que corresponden a cada uno de los términos de este (concepción – realización), es capital; modelo al cual corresponde una economía del trabajo denominada comúnmente “trabajo en cadena”, además de una economía de la atención que llamaremos “atención ejecutiva” y que particularmente es nombrada por Algunos autores “entretenimiento”. La economía del trabajo referida es la característica del capitalismo industrial, mientras que la economía de la atención señalada es tributaria del capitalismo cognitivo.

Agriculture was the engine of growth for a more established communities, a symbol of progress that became an important step forward to a civilization. However, the growth of cities has been weakened the reciprocal relationships that existed between human settlements and farming. In Beijing’s green belt for instance, the urbanization phenomena colonized productive landscapes where farmland and nature areas have been replaced by dense cityscapes. Caochangdi village in northeast Beijing, illustrates a condition of a place which needs physical and social integration with the green belt where it is located. In this sense, this thesis describes a proposal that take advantage of Urban farming, bringing community together around food production, ecological practices and the capacity of environment transformation through the strategy based on The Continuous productive urban landscapes (CPULs). From this perspective, farming practice wherein an urban fringe context, pretends improve environmental and living conditions of their residents by recovering and adapting existing open areas that will work as a productive public spaces for them and also for people from metropolitan area, finding an alternative space to interact with agriculture but at the same time with people’s neighborhood. CPULs implementation will have the potential to be replicated along the green belt area through an agricultural infrastructure highly adaptive formed by scaffolding, integrating other settlements and recovering its former function towards a sustainable area. This will be part of dynamic of daily resident’s life, with the aim of building community identity and raising social cohesion among them and metropolitan people that visit and use the new area improved by urban farming. La agricultura fue el motor de crecimiento para comunidades más consolidadas, un símbolo de progreso que se convirtió en un gran paso hacia la civilización. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de las ciudades ha debilitado la relación reciproca que existía entre los asentamientos humanos y la agricultura. En el cinturón verde de Beijing por ejemplo, el fenómeno de la urbanización colonizó paisajes productivos donde áreas naturales y de cultivo han sido reemplazados por paisajes densos de ciudad. Villa Caochangdi al noreste de Beijing, ilustra la condición de un lugar que necesita una integración física y social al cinturón verde donde se encuentra ubicada. En este sentido, la esta tesis describe una propuesta que se aprovecha de la agricultura urbana, reuniendo a la comunidad alrededor de la producción de alimento, prácticas ecológicas y la capacidad de transformación del medio ambiente a través de la estrategia basada en Paisajes productivos continuos urbanos (CPULs). Desde está perspectiva, la practica de la agricultura en los limites urbanos, pretende mejorar las condiciones ambientales y de vida de sus residentes, recuperando y adaptando espacios abiertos existentes que servirían como espacios públicos productivos para ellos y para las personas del área metropolitana que visitarían y usarían las nuevas zonas mejoradas por la agricultura urbana.

The auto-construction of dwellings in pirate urbanisations produces about 70% of low-income housing in Bogota. People with scarce resources, usually migrants from the countryside, opt to purchase an individual lot from a clandestine urbaniser that extra-legally subdivides terrains near the city boundaries. Ideally, in about 15 years span, self-builders progressively manage to construct a Casalote: a 3 to 4 storeys edifice, which provides them not only urban dwelling but also a considerable source of income. Casalotes progressively grow next to each other and eventually amalgamate into large, functional and vibrant urban pieces more or less integrated to the city's fabric. This work tries to trace the links between the emergence of informal urbanisations and the structure of the architectural-units generated along the process. It seeks to answer the question whether one can speak of architectural principles, actually determining the shape of "informal" buildings and urbanisations. It focuses on Bogota, a city that has incubated a systematic mode of land subdivision and edification outside the hegemonic planning system: Pirate urbanisation, or the process of emergence of informal urbanisations, and autoconstruction, or the edificatory product-means delivering actual housing solutions upon those urbanisations. The analysis comprehends three sections: (a) a discussion on the dipole "formal-informal". (b) A critical reading, at three different scales ("world", "cities", "Bogota"), of the legal, social, political, tectonic, and economic dimensions of the process. (c) A detailed description of a single Casalote and its neighbourhood in Bogota, observed between 2006 and 2012. This last section reconstructs the building as recounted by its inhabitants, in order to deconstruct it into its architectural components and, eventually, re-compose it in the form architectural principles.

Costado occidental del Edificio Pedro A. López, ubicado sobre el costado sur de la Avenida Jiménez, entre carreras 7 (Séptima) y 8 (octava). Este edificio fue diseñado por Robert M. Farrington y construido por Fred. T. & Company, por encargo del empresario Pedro A. López para la sede de su banco. En 1923, tras caer en quiebra, el banco Pedro A. López fue adquirido por el Banco de la República, que tuvo allí su sede hasta mediados del siglo XX.

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