The Legal Transplant Theory proposed by A. Watson, K. Pistor and D. Berkowitz is defined as movement of a rule or a system of law from one country to another. Under this theory, the mentioned authors conclude that a legal change does not perform in an equal manner in the transplanting country as in the origin country. They argue that the adoption of it in the latter is the result of a comprehensive study of the socio-economic circumstances of the nation, while transplanting countries import the legal entity without having similar circumstances. Furthermore, under this theory, the successfulness of a legal transplant is determined by an adaptation process that the legislator, the governmental institutions and the society of the transplanting country shall undertake to prepare the scenario for the introduction. In consequence, transplanted legal changes are called to fail due to uninformed or erroneous decision made by the law-makers. Pistor and Berkowitz analyzed company regulation in various countries, among them Colombia, to support their theories. Regarding the Colombian case, they referred to the Codes of Commerce of 1853 and 1887, concluding that they were unsuccessful legal transplants from Spain and Chile, respectively.  This paper analyzes the abovementioned theory pretending to determine if the legal transplant theory was correctly applied to the Colombian case. Particular attention deserves the Sociedad por Acciones Simplificadas (S.A.S), which is a new hybrid business form adopted in Colombia as a transplant from the United States’ Limited Liability Company. In the light of this case, the document will determine whether this is called to be an unsuccessful legal transplant (as predicted by the Legal Transplant Theory). If the answer is negative, the document will determine if the S.A.S. is merely an exception of the theory or if it demonstrates the failure of such assumption.

This dissertation aims to make an evaluation of the relationship between development and climate change mitigation policies within developmental states, specifically a comparison between China and Brazil. Developmental states are those countries focused on obtaining economic growth through developmentally driven policies. Traditionally, climate change mitigation and environmental protection have been seen as obstacles to development. However, as climate change is a global issue which requires domestic response, countries are required to act locally in order to mitigate carbon emissions into the atmosphere and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. Developing countries, such as China and Brazil, are heavily dependent on carbon consumption to promote development and economic growth. For this reason, international pressure has been focused on these countries to reduce CO2 emissions, threatening their future development. Furthermore, it examines Brazil and China’s climate policies in light of developmental state guidance. So far what has been found is that climate policies have been relevant to the same extent as they contribute to economic growth and social development. China has envisioned the clean energy industry as a business opportunity capable of generating new jobs and exporting technology. Interests mainly focused on other issues independent to those of climate variability mitigation. Brazil, on the other hand, has relied on the promotion of biofuels as an alternative industry to the use of oil. By adopting ethanol and biodiesel as substitutes for fossil fuels, the government has been able to promote the country’s economic development and position itself as the world’s main producer. Similar to China, mitigation actions are generally implemented as long as there are other interests involved. Furthermore, when there is conflict of interests with environmental policies in both countries, they have acted as developmental states, prioritising development over policies of climate mitigation.Adrian Leftwich’s developmental state model was published in the early 1990s, to further address Chalmers Johnson’s interpretation of the Japanese economic miracle. Nonetheless, Leftwich’s characterisation of developmental states was thought to define a model exclusive to the Asia-Pacific region. This dissertation will apply Leftwich’s model, by adapting it to contemporary China and Brazil, two countries deliberately excluded from the developmental state model, but who now days represent the political context that Leftwich had in mind. In addition, the developmental state model allows a broader interpretation to the current policies implemented by the above mentioned countries, specifically on climate change related issues.

Impreso en el que Antonio Román Ponce denuncia persecución hacia él por parte de Simón Bolívar y de Vicente Vanegas. En el documento Román defiende el honor de su familia y clama por justicia.

This paper presents an estimation of expenditure needs and fiscal capacity of Colombia’s municipalities and departments in 2014. We use standard per capita norms to estimate the spending needs and data envelopment analysis for the local fiscal capacity. The results show that: (i) There are high horizontal fiscal disparities in Colombia, with greater incidence in municipalities than in departments. (ii) These disparities favor more developed territories (iii) There is evidence of a centerperiphery pattern in the horizontal fiscal disparities, causing central regions of the country to have a lower imbalance between expenditure needs and fiscal capacity. An equalization transfers system is an option for public policy to eliminate these disparities.

Documento en el que José María Domínguez se defiende de las acusaciones que en su contra, formularon varios vecinos de Palmira que firmaron bajo el apelativo de "Las víctimas", quienes aseguran que Domínguez se ha beneficiado personalmente de la venta de sal del Estado. A lo largo del impreso, y junto con los documentos que se adjuntan al final, Domínguez asegura que se ha atentado contra su honra al acusarlo de rufián, pues a su juicio, no ha abusado de los negocios públicos y su posición comercial para afectar al pueblo.

Libelo que contiene noticias sobre las labores militares del coronel del ejército venezolano, Juan Toro de Ibarra, entre 1810 y 1824. En ella se toma como referencia las noticias de prensa colombiana del siglo XIX para narrar el desarrollo de batallas y eventos relacionados con el militar.

Documento en el que el ciudadano venezolano Manuel de Jesús Barrera, presenta ante el juez segundo de Bogotá, un alegato para pedir la anulación de la escritura pública en la que se dona la casa de su esposa Rosalía Rojas, y solicita que el predio sea devuelto a su legítima dueña.

Alegatos y defensa de los derechos que posee el departamento de Cundinamarca sobre el funcionamiento del Ferrocarril de la Sabana, presentados por abogado Carlos José Infante. A lo largo del documento, Infante señala algunos puntos relacionados con la nulidad del contrato y otros acuerdos establecidos, que obligan a que se reconozcan y hagan efectivos los derechos y ganancias que tiene la el departamento sobre la Compañía del Ferrocarril de la Sabana.

Informe que contiene los alegatos finales presentados por Emiliano Echavarria, apoderado de The Barranquilla Railway & Pier Co., en disputa que se sigue entre esta compañía y el Estado colombiano, con el fin de rescatar del Ferrocarril de Bolivar y Muelle de Puerto Colombia.

Documento en el que José Joaquín Gori, representante de Meunier Devoitine, recopila varios detalles del pleito seguido entre su cliente y Adolfo Billioque, luego de que este último impidiera que Devoitine ejerciera su oficio de peluquero en la República de la Nueva Granada. A lo largo del impreso, que conserva la ortografía de la época, se consigan los antecedentes y desarrollo del proceso judicial, así como los argumentos de la parte de Devoitine para rechazar el comportamiento de Billioque.