Abstract: The world is facing a global refugee crisis where people are being forced to flee their countries mostly due to violence and poverty; crossing borders to new nations hoping to find not only a new life and stability but also peace without losing their identity. In Venezuela, the Refugee crisis was established as a crisis, until 2019, that is why in the same report, the country does not appear in the ranking of countries with the most international displacement. Venezuela would be the country with the second most international forced displacement, where more than 4 million Venezuelans have fled around the world in the past 5 years. 1.3 million of these refugees have been received by Colombia’s government in the past two. Colombia - both its government and its people - has been very open to receiving Venezuelan refugees and it has been able to find ways to provide them the best options and conditions for them to either stay in a temporary or in a permanent way, but the situation is challenging. But the rapidly increasing flows of immigrants crossing the border, the unexpected numbers of groups of people arriving in Colombia, and the problems Colombia on its own is facing (high unemployment and poverty rates to name a few) are fundamental for this crisis to be even more difficult to solve. It was difficult to find solutions in Colombia even before Venezuela’s crisis, today a state of emergency has been declared in most cities across the 2,300 kilometers of shared borders. Inspired and influenced by this crisis, this Capstone project aims to create a local solution to Venezuela’s refugee crisis in Colombia; one, that can be replicated in all places that are going through the same or similar circumstances. What development tools can be used or included in these specific communities as part of the solution? How can we transform this crisis into an opportunity for both Colombian communities and Venezuelan refugees? This study is focused on implementing circular economies recommendations in temporal shelters for Venezuelan refugees in Colombia. Specifically, shelters that are supervised by Carminates Tricolor a Colombian/Venezuelan nonprofit. Taking into account that there are various routes and multiple organizations involved, the project will start by creating recommendations to the temporal and local shelters located in the section between Cucuta and Bucaramanga, one of the most dangerous routes that the walkers cross to get to their final destinations.

Abstract: In 2017 the National Power Company in Iceland, Landsvirkjun, started the operation of a geothermal power plant in Theistareykir (Northeastern Iceland). The plant’s operation requires extraction, circulation, and injection of the geothermal fluids to produce energy. These processes depend on the existing fracture network of the reservoir. Therefore, geothermal energy exploitation requires knowledge of underground structures to identify potential fluid flow pathways. These are, in many cases, evidenced by the local seismicity. In this context, the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences and Landsvirkjun chose this site for deploying a dense network of fifteen seismic broadband stations to monitor and characterize the field’s seismicity. The data coming from this very dense network allows us to implement and test an optimized processing scheme to perform a detailed analysis of the local seismicity. This study’s primary goal is to implement an efficient and reliable scheme to characterize the local seismicity of the Theistareykir geothermal field using the collected high-resolution seismic data from the dense network. I used several traditional earthquake seismology methods to detect, analyze, classify, and localize, repeating microseismic events. I first used a recursive STA/LTA algorithm to detect the local seismicity between January 1, 2018, until June 30, 2018. Using the detections, I manually reviewed and picked P- and Sphase arrival times. After an initial non-linear localization, I performed a correlation clustering analysis and identified two events with a high degree of waveform similarity. I corrected the picked phase arrivals using the cross-correlation coefficients of the events to a master trace. These events were relocated to improve their relative locations. Events of both clusters will be used in future studies for template-matching to detect and pick additional events within this period. The methodology applied here is meant as a guide to process upcoming seismic data of the geothermal field and efficiently perform a full seismological characterization using more massive datasets.

Resumen: A lo largo de este documento, se encontrarán la descripción de un contexto pedagógico a partir del cual se llegan a diferentes reflexiones, análisis didácticos, humanos y lingüísticos entre Colombia, Francia y Rusia. La creación y análisis de un manual que implementa el arte como medio y estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del francés como lengua extranjera y para la valorización de nuestra propia identidad individual e intercultural. En primer lugar, encontrarán la descripción de la situación de enseñanza en la cual la presente propuesta fue implementada. Enseguida, se presentarán las características de un sistema educativo que tiene algunas especificaciones primordiales por señalar. Allí conoceremos el contexto educativo y la organización diferenciada de una concepción académica al interior de la ciudad de Tunja en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Por otro lado, se hará la presentación y argumentación del enfoque pedagógico abordado frente a la planeación de las clases y el desarrollo de esta propuesta pedagógica . Del mismo modo, se expondrán las selecciones didácticas en lo que concierne a la concepción y elaboración del presente manual, llamado Fl'évolución. Así pues, podremos analizar algunas sesiones de clase experimentadas y exponer el proyecto de mensajería "Rusia- Colombia" que fue implementado con estudiante de francés de los países mencionados anteriormente. Para finalizar, se darán a conocer las conclusiones de esta estadía lingüística correspondiente a la maestría del programa de lingüística, especialidad didáctica y del francés como lengua extranjera y segunda ofrecida por la Universidad de Poitiers en Francia. Résumé: Tout au long de ce document, vous allez trouver une description d’un contexte pédagogique à partir duquel il a été possible d’arriver à plusieurs réflexions et analyses didactiques et linguistiques. Premièrement, vous allez trouver la description de la situation d’enseignement. Elle va vous permettre de vous contextualiser face aux situations qui seront exposées juste après. Ensuite, je présenterai les caractéristiques d’un système éducatif qui a certains traits didactiques importants à souligner. Cette présentation sera l’occasion de connaitre le contexte éducatif et l’organisation différenciée d’une conception académique à l’intérieur de la ville de Tunja, Colombia. Puis, je ferai la présentation et l’argumentation de l’approche pédagogique adoptée face à la préparation des cours et le déroulement d’une pédagogie différenciée. Cela nous permettra de connaitre touts les facteurs sous-jacentsdidactiquement parlant. Ensuite je vais vous présenter mes choix didactiques en ce qui concerne la conception et l’élaboration du manuel FL’évolution. Ce qui me permettra d’analyser quelques-unes des séances expérimentées et de vous exposer le projet de messagerie « Russie- Colombie » qui a été implémenté pour des apprenants de français des pays préalablement mentionnés. Pour finir, j’exposerai les conclusions de ce stage correspondant au master 2 du programme de didactique de langues et français langue étrangère et seconde, offert par l’université de Poitiers en France. Finalement vous trouverez la bibliographie et les annexes qui servent d’illustration et de support au document suivant.

Résumé: Ce projet a ses débuts à la Institución Educativa Gonzalo Suárez Rendón, Siège San Ignacio de Tunja, Colombie, avec 16 étudiants de CE2 et CM1. Il s’agit d’un travail de recherche qui se base sur la magie pour renforcer les habiletés de compréhension et production orale en langue française. On propose la magie comme stratégie pédagogique pour renforcer, également, les connaissances préalables des enfants, en tant qu’élément motivationnel pour réveiller leur intérêt face à l’apprentissage de la langue étrangère et pour promouvoir le travail collaboratif. On constate que le processus d’enseignement - apprentissage du FLE devient un outil essentiel pour permettre une construction de connaissances significative et partagée. La deuxième étape du projet a eu lieu dans la 3ème École Primaire Expérimentale d’Evosmos, dans la ville de Thessalonique, en Grèce. Où l’on a validé les stratégies mises en marche lors de la première étape en Colombie. En plus des résultats et conclusions méthodologiques, on a constaté des expériences et analyses intéressantes en ce qui concerne l’interculturalité, la magie comme stratégie didactique et l’universalité des éléments didactiques qui touchent tant le contexte colombien que le grec. Abstract: This project began at the Institución Educativa Gonzalo Suárez Rendón, at the Sede San Ignacio of Tunja, Colombia, with 16 students of third and fourth grade. This research work is based on magic to enhance the oral comprehension and production skills in French. Magic is proposed as a teaching strategy to strengthen, likewise, children's prior knowledge, as a motivational element to awaken their interest in learning a foreign language and to promote collaborative work. We note that the teaching - learning process of french as a foreign language becomes an essential tool to allow the construction of significant and shared knowledge. The second stage of the project took place in the 3rd Primary Experimental School of Evosmos, in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. Where we validated the strategies implemented during the first stage in Colombia. In addition to the methodological results and conclusions, there were various interesting experiences and analysis in regard to interculturality, magic as a didactic strategy and the universality of didactic elements that touch both the Colombian and the Greek context. Resumen: Este proyecto tiene sus inicios en la Institución Educativa Gonzalo Suárez Rendón, sede San Ignacio de Tunja, Colombia, con 16 estudiantes de tercer y cuarto grado. Se trata de un trabajo de investigación que se basa en la magia para reforzar las habilidades de comprensión y producción oral en lengua francesa. Se propone la magia como estrategia pedagógica para reforzar, igualmente, los conocimientos previos de los niños, como elemento motivacional para despertar su interés frente al aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera y para promover el trabajo colaborativo. Se constata que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del francés como lengua extranjera llega a ser una herramienta esencial para permitir una construcción de conocimientos significativa y compartida. La segunda etapa del proyecto tiene lugar en el 3er colegio experimental de Evosmos, en la ciudad de Salónica, en Grecia. Es allí donde se validan las estrategias propuestas durante la primera etapa en Colombia. Además de los resultados y las conclusiones metodológicas, se constata experiencias y análisis interesantes en lo que concierne a la interculturalidad, a la magia como estrategia didáctica y a la universalidad de elementos didácticos que tocan tanto el contexto colombiano como el griego.

Abstract: Colombia is the country with the highest number of internal displaced persons (IDPs) in the world, hence one of the biggest challenges for its development as a nation, in terms of peacebuilding, is to overcome the impacts that this phenomenon causes. One of them is the reconstruction of the social capital destroyed by forced displacement and the community integration of the population into the new contexts in which they return or relocate. As a proposal not just of diagnosis and measurement of needs of integration of these communities, but as a method to introduce and settle process of social capital reconstruction, this chapter presents the results of the investigation and the elaboration process of the Tool for the Measurement of Community Integrations Needs, built by the National Planning Department (DNP) and the National University of Colombia, during 2015 and 2016. This work shows the importance of privileging territorial interventions over population interventions, being more efficient and avoiding the competition among groups for resources, public services and social programs, which represent an obstacle for the community integration themselves. Likewise confirms that in the contexts where the tool was tried, the access to fundamental rights of the populations that are not IDPs is significantly lower than the access of the populations who are IDPs, despite of having similar live conditions and poverty. Furthermore, demonstrates that intangible elements as identity, sense of belonging and deep-rooted, promotes tangible elements as income-generation and socioeconomic stability, in a more effective manner than when is pursue the other way round, which is the manner as public policy in Colombia address vulnerable populations. Resumen: Colombia es el país con mayor número de desplazados internos del mundo, es por ello que uno de los retos más importantes para su desarrollo como nación, en términos de construcción de paz, es superar los impactos que ocasiona. Entre estos se encuentran la reconstrucción del capital social destruido por el desplazamiento forzado, y la integración comunitaria de la población víctima en los nuevos contextos en los que se reubica o en aquellos a los que retorna. Como propuesta no sólo de diagnóstico y medición de las necesidades de integración de las comunidades que han sido sujeto de retorno o reubicación, sino como medio para introducir y apalancar procesos de recomposición del capital social, se presentan los resultados de la investigación y del proceso de construcción y pilotaje de la Herramienta de Medición de Necesidades de Integración Comunitaria, construida entre el Departamento Nacional de Planeación y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, durante los años 2015 y 2016. Este trabajo conjunto evidencia la importancia de privilegiar las intervenciones territoriales sobre las intervenciones poblacionales, al ser más eficientes y evitar promover la competencia entre grupos de personas por recursos, servicios y oferta social, lo cual representa un obstáculo en sí mismo para la integración comunitaria. Asimismo, comprueba que en los contextos en los que se piloteó la herramienta, el acceso a derechos fundamentales de la población no víctima es significativamente menor que aquella con la que cuenta la población desplazada retornada o reubicada, a pesar de tener las mismas condiciones de vida y de pobreza. Adicionalmente, demuestra que elementos inmateriales como la identidad, el sentido de pertenencia y arraigo, potencian elementos materiales como la generación de ingresos y la estabilidad socioeconómica, de forma más efectiva que si se busca hacerlo al contrario, que es la manera como se ha concebido e implementado la política pública dirigida a poblaciones vulnerables en Colombia.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es evidenciar que emociones como la empatía y la compasión son constitutivas de la política, dada la naturaleza relacional de la misma. En este sentido, señala que no es posible escindir la razón de la emoción en la política, al apelar esta al mismo tiempo al intelecto y a la afectividad, y por ende, a la capacidad cognoscitiva racional del alma humana. Es por ello que la política no puede tener lugar en escenarios de exterminio, violencia generalizada, indolencia y desprecio sistemático por la vida de los otros. Igualmente, se alude a la importancia de reivindicar la afectividad en constructos como la política y el conocimiento, para lo cual plantea una propuesta para su investigación, y enfatiza la necesidad y utilidad de hacerlo en un contexto de tanta victimización y sufrimiento como el colombiano. Abstract: The objective of this article is to show that emotions as empathy and compassion, are constituent of politics, given its relational nature. In this sense, indicates that is not possible to separate reason and emotion from politics, because of its relation with intellect and affectivity at the same time, and therefore, with the rational cognitive capacity of the human soul. Hence, politics cannot have place in scenarios of extermination, widespread violence, indolence and systematic contempt towards others’ lives. Likewise, points out the importance of asserting the affectivity in constructs as politics and knowledge, for which raise a research proposal and emphasizes the necessity and usefulness of carry it out in a context of such victimization and suffering as the Colombian.

Abstract: This study presents the effect of dividend announcements on the share price of French companies from the luxury goods industry. The relevant theories used to explain this research were the “dividend irrelevance theorem” proposed by Miller and Modigliani (1961), where dividends do not have an impact in the share price; and the “dividend signaling hypothesis”, where the dividend policy affects the share price. The “dividend signaling hypothesis” was studied by Lintner (1956), Miller and Rock (1985), Grullon et al. (2002), Grullon et al. (2005), Flint et al. (2010), and Vazakidis and Athianos (2010). The application of this theories to the luxury industry was evaluated with statistical elements including the method of “event study”. Data was collected from Bloomberg, financial reports and reports of the general meeting of shareholders. The methodology proposed includes the quantitative analysis of the daily last price of the selected companies, their logarithmic returns as well as their abnormal returns, to demonstrate if they were statistically significant to accept or to reject the findings of Modigliani and Miller. All calculations and estimations were done by using Microsoft Excel®. The main conclusion of this study is that the theory of Miller and Modigliani is not applicable on the listed French luxury goods companies. And in terms of recommendations about the performance of the selected shares: the announcement of dividends has a negative impact between 3 or 4 days before the announcement, and a positive impact no later than 2 days after the announcement.

Abstract: Using low-cost gas sensors for air quality monitoring promises cost e ective and convenient measurement systems. Nevertheless, the results obtained have a questionable quality due to di erent factors that can a ect sensor performance. The most discussed ones are relative humidity and air temperature. This investigation aimed to assess the behavior of B4-series low-cost gas sensors from Alphasense for measuring CO, NO, NO2, and O3 for di erent levels of relative humidity and temperature. These low-cost gas sensors were tested for six relative humidity levels from 10% to 85% with increasing steps of 15% and four temperature levels of 10 C, 25 C, 35 C, and 45 C against reference instruments in the laboratory. The e ect of these parameters on low-cost gas sensors was quantified in laboratory from which a correction algorithm was calculated, which was then applied to the field data. The applied algorithm improved the data quality of the low-cost gas sensors in most of the cases. Additionally, a low-cost dryer was assessed to reduce the influence of these factors on the low-cost gas sensors, which also proved to be suitable to enhance the data quality.

Abstract: The aim of this investigation is to assess the behavior of the low-cost sensors under different levels of temperature and relative humidity, which are the main parameters affecting their performance. Several set of experiments were carried out in both, laboratory and field conditions using four low-cost sensors from the company Alphasense. As a short summary of the experimental plan, the low-cost sensors were firstly tested under six relative humidity and four temperature levels against traditional reference instruments. This with the aim of developing a correction algorithm for these two parameters. Then the implementation of a low-cost dryer was evaluated which would reduce the influence of the mentioned parameters on the low-cost sensor behavior. All of these stated tests were performed in controlled conditions in the laboratory. In the end, a long-term experiment in the field was done. This experiment had a duration of one month, and its aim was to appraise the algorithm calculated from the laboratory when comparing their results against the concentrations measured by a monitoring station in Marienplatz, Stuttgart. The relative humidity levels achieved during the laboratory experiments were from 10% until 85%, increasing in steps of 15%, and the temperature levels were 10°C, 25°C, 35°C and 45°C. All low-cost sensors showed a significant improvement when the developed correction algorithm was applied, which is reflected in the selected evaluation parameters (MAPE, MAE, linearity and offset). The relative humidity levels used for the assessment of the low-cost dryer were 40%, 55%, 70% and 85%, finding similar results obtained from the previous experiments. However, with the advantage that in this case, after the drying process, the relative humidity and temperature levels were stable, which leads to avoid applying a complex correction algorithm. The concentrations measured by the low-cost sensors with the applied correction showed improved results, with absolute errors of 38.18 ppb, 7.64 ppb and 4.27 ppb for CO, NO and NO2, respectively. Further investigation is also suggested, regarding the use of different set of sensor for checking the reproducibility as well as dynamic changes in the influencing parameters.

Abstract: Learning controllers that reproduce legged locomotion in nature have been a long-time goal in robotics and computer graphics. While yielding promising results, recent approaches are not yet flexible enough to be applicable to legged systems of different morphologies. This is partly because they often rely on precise motion capture references or elaborate learning environments that ensure the naturality of the emergent locomotion gaits but prevent generalization. This work proposes a generic approach for ensuring realism in locomotion by guiding the learning process with the spring-loaded inverted pendulum model as a reference. Leveraging on the exploration capacities of Reinforcement Learning (RL), we learn a control policy that fills in the information gap between the template model and full-body dynamics required to maintain stable and periodic locomotion. The proposed approach can be applied to robots of different sizes and morphologies and adapted to any RL technique and control architecture. We present experimental results showing that even in a model-free setup and with a simple reactive control architecture, the learned policies can generate realistic and energy-efficient locomotion gaits for a bipedal and a quadrupedal robot. And most importantly, this is achieved without using motion capture, strong constraints in the dynamics or kinematics of the robot, nor prescribing limb coordination. We provide supplemental videos.