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Imagen de apoyo de  Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

Por: Juliana Andrea Bello Sierra | Fecha: 2012

In this master thesis were characterized two highly porous media and a conduit in sandstone with special focus in the transition region between the laminar and turbulent states. As porous media were used glass beads and coarse sand of similar size, 2 and 1.9 mm respectively; for the laboratory work was used a setup where was possible to control the discharge and was measured the hydraulic head. Laminar flow ceases at Reynolds number of 0.25 in glass beads and 0.21 in coarse sand. The flow follows the same pathway between laminar and transitional, without regard if the velocity was increasing or decreasing. A conduit of 5 mm diameter was drilled in a fragment of sandstone for the experiments. The discharge and head losses through the conduit were measured. It was possible to establish two critical Reynolds values, 365 and 3060, for the state change between laminar to transitional and transitional to turbulent. A hysteretic behavior was observed when the flow switches between laminar and transitional. All the results were modeled using the Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 and compared with the experimental data. For porous media there is not a good agreement between the outputs of the model and the measured data.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Characterization of flow in the transition area of laminar and turbulent state = Caracterización del flujo en el área de transición entre estado laminar y turbulento

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Imagen de apoyo de  Procesos de negociación y grupos armados en Colombia. Las FARC y AUC = Negotiated Settlements and armed groups in Colombia

Procesos de negociación y grupos armados en Colombia. Las FARC y AUC = Negotiated Settlements and armed groups in Colombia

Por: Diana Fernanda Torres | Fecha: 2008

The protracted nature of the Colombian conflict has allowed the emergence of numerous attempts for its resolution (intense military offensives and different models of negotiation). Regarding the attempts of negotiation, some of them have resulted in durable peace agreements while others have failed during the process. For example, in 1991, the government negotiated the reincorporation into the political life of the guerrillas M-19 and EPL, and recently in 2002-2007, the government held a peace process with the AUC paramilitary group, which produced the demobilization of approximately 40.000 rebels. However, the scenery of resolution with two remaining guerrillas (FARC and ELN) is different, after more than 26 years of failed negotiations and tough military offensives; it has not been possible to settle the conflict with them. What explains the different results in the peace processes with the armed groups? I suggest that in order to identify opportunities for negotiations and more effective peace processes, states and third parties, should regard more seriously the character of the different armed groups (motivation, leadership, strategies, social composition, organizational structure, etc). Therefore, by doing a comparative analysis of the AUC and FARC peace processes. I found out that: 1. the type of violence and financial sources are not determinant factors to reach a negotiated settlement with rebel groups. It is false that is more difficult to negotiate with armed groups pursuing high benefits from war, at least not in Colombia. 2. That the degree of task cohesion, the group cohesiveness, and social support are extremely relevant to the state engage and manage possible crisis and setbacks during the negotiations. Armed groups are different and those differences have positive and negative impacts when negotiating with them.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencia política

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Procesos de negociación y grupos armados en Colombia. Las FARC y AUC = Negotiated Settlements and armed groups in Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Methodology of Impact Assessments in the EU. The use of the experience of Member State as a means of upholding the principle of proportionate analysis

Methodology of Impact Assessments in the EU. The use of the experience of Member State as a means of upholding the principle of proportionate analysis

Por: Ángela María Noguera Moreno | Fecha: 2009

Good quality of legislation is one of the main concerns of the European Union. Given that the EU system is not a single structure but coexists with the legislative systems of the Member States, there is a need to have a Community legislation system which is adaptable to the particular conditions of its Member States and which contributes to the consolidation of the Internal Market. With the purpose of achieving this goal in a sustainable way, in 2011 the European Commission issued its White Paper on European Governance. It stated the necessity of a better and simpler regulatory system involving the participations of all the relevant actors -central governments, regions, cities and civil society. It also declared that ""to improve the quality of its policies, the Union must first asses whether action is needed and, if it is, whether it should be at Union level. Where Union action is required, it should consider the combination of different policy tools. When legislatin, the Union needs to find ways of speeding up the legislative process. It must find the right mix between imposing a uniform approach when and where it is needed and allowing greater flexibility in the way that rules are implemented on the ground. It must boost confidence in the way expert advice influences policy decisions.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Methodology of Impact Assessments in the EU. The use of the experience of Member State as a means of upholding the principle of proportionate analysis

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Imagen de apoyo de  A political ecology of Northwest Amazonia: Indigenous ‘Management of the World’ and the Politics of Territorial Ordering in Colombia

A political ecology of Northwest Amazonia: Indigenous ‘Management of the World’ and the Politics of Territorial Ordering in Colombia

Por: Oscar Alfredo Forero Larrañaga | Fecha: 2002

This thesis provides a description of political conflicts derived from differences in perspectives of environmental management and governance for Northwest Amazonia (NWA). A chapter is devoted to analysing the impact of State security policy in the development of indigenous’ territorial rights. The chapter concludes that the Colombian and USA government discourses of security coincide that the derived policies increase environmental risks and hinder indigenous peoples’ rights. Survey forms are treated as an additional source of discourse and are used to illustrate different perspectives with respect to governance and territorial ordering in Amazonia. It is argued that inhabitants of the industrialised countries with access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in many senses share the responsibility for the actual state of affairs in NWA, as well as other parts of the developing world where there is precarious access to ICT. Central to the thesis is the idea that we are passing through a moment of conceptual ‘dissolution’: dissolution of the divide ‘Indigenous Knowledge’ / ‘Western Sciences’, of the distinction between ‘Social Resistance’ and ‘Social Adaptation’, and of the differentiation between ‘Corporate Management’ and ‘State Security policy’. The thesis describes how this dissolution is occurring at the same time as cultural identity is mutating. The thesis goes beyond discourses surrounding the governance of NWA, by offering a contemporary critique of the concept of ‘globalisation’, and an attempt to locate it in the a 21st century cultural context.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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A political ecology of Northwest Amazonia: Indigenous ‘Management of the World’ and the Politics of Territorial Ordering in Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  On Writing Review Articles and Constructing Fields of Study = La escritura de artículos de revisión o estado del arte y la construcción de campos de estudio

On Writing Review Articles and Constructing Fields of Study = La escritura de artículos de revisión o estado del arte y la construcción de campos de estudio

Por: Olga Restrepo Forero | Fecha: 2003

This thesis develops arguments relevant to scientific writing, the understanding of genres in scientific writing, and the construction of scientific fields. It is concerned with how review articles construct the fields of study which they describe. Using constructivist and relativist perspectives from the sociology of scientific knowledge, the research is based on a textual or discourse analysis, emphasizing the contingency of collective phenomena, such as scientific fields. In the first part, the co-formation of the genres of research and review writing is addressed; the focus is on how review writing has been portrayed by historians and rhetorical analysts, bibliographers and information analysts, compilers of guidelines on scientific writing and by scientists, editors, and reviewers. Other central questions include who is expected or authorized to write reviews, as well as to what extent reviews are considered to be a discrete genre in the production of scientific knowledge; it is argued that in practical circumstances (i.e., when classifying research articles and reviews, producing guidelines on reviewing, or awarding scientific reviewing) the straightforward differentiation of two distinct forms of writing becomes blurry. In the second part, the construction of the field of Darwin Studies is examined, through the analysis of various reviews proclaiming the constitution of the field and aiming to put it in order. This ordering is produced through the establishing of boundaries with other fields; mapping it in a comprehensive manner, that is, providing criteria of inclusion and exclusion; building a biography for the field, thus identifying its origins and development through time; and through defining the “state of the art”, which includes introducing its central figures, research problems, and ongoing controversies. The production of each construction of the field as an inter-subjective definition of a given entity, and not as a prejudiced or idiosyncratic representation, requires the careful management of the identity, authority, and credibility of the reviewer. The successful negotiation of a relatively stable constitution of a field is produced through inter-textual reiteration and reinterpretation.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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On Writing Review Articles and Constructing Fields of Study = La escritura de artículos de revisión o estado del arte y la construcción de campos de estudio

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Imagen de apoyo de  Growing or filling the city? Taking the debate on densification South. Is the densification approach an appropriate urban development policy for Latin-American cities? A Colombian case study

Growing or filling the city? Taking the debate on densification South. Is the densification approach an appropriate urban development policy for Latin-American cities? A Colombian case study

Por: Juan Felipe Caicedo Chacón | Fecha: 2015

This professional dissertation aims at understanding and questioning the present supremacy of the densification paradigm in urban planning. After presenting the theoretical bases of urban spatial structures, the paper studies the urban growth dynamics in Colombian cities. It focuses on a special category of cities where the densification paradigm proves to be especially inefficient: intermediary rapidly growing cities in developing countries. On the light of these findings, the paper analyses an alternative experience of urban development in Colombia by presenting the Urban Expansion Initiative conducted in Valledupar. Finally, the paper discusses the relationship between densification, urban poverty and urban sustainability. 
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Growing or filling the city? Taking the debate on densification South. Is the densification approach an appropriate urban development policy for Latin-American cities? A Colombian case study

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Imagen de apoyo de  Ecology of Holothuria arguinensis: estimation of population parameters and relation with substrate types = Ecología de Holothuria arguinensis: estimación de parámetros poblacionales y su relación con los tipos de substrato

Ecology of Holothuria arguinensis: estimation of population parameters and relation with substrate types = Ecología de Holothuria arguinensis: estimación de parámetros poblacionales y su relación con los tipos de substrato

Por: Julián Olaya Restrepo | Fecha: 2014

Biological parameters and spatial variation of H. arguinensis were estimated inside the Ria Formosa, Portugal. Data collected during visual census (November 2012 to March 2014) and random samplings (February to March 2014) were analyzed. The average sizes were estimated in six localities with a total range between 4 and 48 cm. Three sites showed significant diferences in the average size: Armona, showing the highest mean and Barinha and PFE with the smallest mean (27.4, 17.5 and 21.7 cm respectively, p < 2.2e-16)  Asymptotic population length L?=70 cm and growth coeficient k=0.87 were estimated. The growth pattern showed seasonality using Hoenig’s function. The coverage of mud and sea grass (Z. Noltii, and C. nodosa) were the variables explaining better the diferences in abundance of H. arguinensis among sampled sites, demonstrating the importance of these sea grass species in the persistence of the species in the Ria Formosa.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Ecology of Holothuria arguinensis: estimation of population parameters and relation with substrate types = Ecología de Holothuria arguinensis: estimación de parámetros poblacionales y su relación con los tipos de substrato

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Imagen de apoyo de  Interrogating sustainable development and public utility : a case study of large-scale mining in Colombia

Interrogating sustainable development and public utility : a case study of large-scale mining in Colombia

Por: Aída Sofía Rivera Sotelo | Fecha: 2012

In this paper, I examine the case of Angosturas, a large-scale gold mining project by the Canadian-based company GreyStar in the sensitive high wetland páramo of Santurbán in the northeast of the Colombian Andes. Angosturas is the closest large-scale gold mining project to the phase of extraction in the country, and constitutes a referent for other ongoing cases. In 2011, the Ministry of the Environment, Housing, and Territorial Development (hereafter: Ministry of the Environment) denied the environmental license to the company to start extraction operations. Despite this government’s recent ruling, GreyStar (which renamed itself ‘Eco Oro’ after the 2011 decision) and other mining companies have continued their quest to gain permission to begin extraction in the area. I explore why these continued attempts to change government policy regarding extraction licensing is possible within the existing juridical framework. In particular, I ask how Sustainable Development allows for the classification of large-scale mining as a public utility activity. This paper is a criticism of Sustainable Development and the limitations it places on hearing certain kinds of languages and discourses that resist the commodification of nature. The case study allows me to address a gap in the existing literature, and outline the distinctive situation of non-legally recognized ethnic minorities (e.g. peasant farmers, small-scale miners, and the urban population).
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Interrogating sustainable development and public utility : a case study of large-scale mining in Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Tensor contraction schemes for 2D problems in quantum simulation = Esquemas de contracción de tensores para problemas de 2D en simulaciones cuánticas

Tensor contraction schemes for 2D problems in quantum simulation = Esquemas de contracción de tensores para problemas de 2D en simulaciones cuánticas

Por: Javier Mauricio Enciso Moreno | Fecha: 2010

Quantum simulation describes a great variety of process observed in laboratories and daily life, however, as soon as the computer programs involve more particles, time and storage turn out to be critical issues that constraint the execution of larger simulations. Tensor Contraction Schemes for 2D Problems in Quantum Simulation is based on the ideas of Huckle and Waldherr and is a courageous attempt to describe many-body systems accurately without the intrinsic dimensional problems. To achieve this goal, two well-established techniques are applied to represent large vectors implicitly and, through a variational-based numerical method, minimise the related optimisation problem. Remarkably, the contraction schemes demand linear storage and time resources only. As result, the proposed scheme was able to produce solutions up to the first significant digit for 12-particle system, taking no more than few iteration.Finally, there are still open issues regarding the accuracy in the vector representation and the local optimality of the iterative method that must to be addressed in future investigations.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Tensor contraction schemes for 2D problems in quantum simulation = Esquemas de contracción de tensores para problemas de 2D en simulaciones cuánticas

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Imagen de apoyo de  Understanding the context of voluntary child soldiers: Why did they choose to join the irregular armed forces? The case study of Sierra Leone

Understanding the context of voluntary child soldiers: Why did they choose to join the irregular armed forces? The case study of Sierra Leone

Por: María Paula Ballesteros Duarte | Fecha: 2010

Sierra Leone’s war is known for the high prevalence of child soldiers actively engaged during its lengthy civil war. 70% of the combatants were underage when recruited, with most of them joining the irregular armies voluntarily. In spite of the superficial causes that may differ from case to case, economic, educational and socio-political factors have been the most recognized driving forces that influence the decision of children and youngsters to join the armed forces, and were definitely the driving forces for young combatants in Sierra Leone. The crisis of youth originated by the socioeconomic conditions in Sierra Leone and made worse by the Structural Adjustment Program in the 80s, was a key factor for children and youngsters to join the irregular forces. Even though choosing to become soldiers may appear as a conscious decision that involves agency, the structure of the individuals cannot be detached and judged independently. Whether these children volunteered or were coerced, most of them were uneducated and hungry; therefore it is misleading to consider this type of recruitment as voluntary.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Understanding the context of voluntary child soldiers: Why did they choose to join the irregular armed forces? The case study of Sierra Leone

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