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Imagen de apoyo de  Exploring sustainable manufacturing principles and practices = Explorando los principios y prácticas de la manufactura sostenible

Exploring sustainable manufacturing principles and practices = Explorando los principios y prácticas de la manufactura sostenible

Por: Claudia Juliana Alayón González | Fecha: 01/01/2016

Abstract: The manufacturing industry remains a critical force in the quest for global sustainability. An increasing number of companies are modifying their operations in favor of more sustainable practices. It is hugely important that all manufacturers, irrespective of the subsector and organizational size, implement practices that reduce or eliminate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts generated by their operations. Consequently, scholars have called for additional studies concerning sustainable manufacturing practices, not only to address the paucity of related literature, but also to contribute to practitioners’ understanding of how to incorporate sustainability into their operations. However, apart from expanding the knowledge of sustainable manufacturing practices, it is first key to understand the ground set of values, or principles, behind sustainable manufacturing operations. For that reason, the purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding sustainable manufacturing principles and practices. The results presented in this thesis are based on three studies: a systematic literature review exploring sustainability principles applicable to manufacturing settings, and two empirical studies addressing sustainable manufacturing practices. In general, it is concluded from the literature that there is a little knowledge about sustainability principles from a manufacturing perspective. In relation to the most common sustainable manufacturing practices, it is concluded that these practices mainly refer to energy and material management, and waste management. The study of the adherence of sustainable manufacturing practices to sustainability principles concluded that the principles concerning energy and materials conservation, and waste management create the highest number of practices. Resumen: La industria manufacturera sigue siendo una fuerza crítica en la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad global. Cada vez más empresas están modificando sus operaciones y adoptando prácticas más sostenibles. En consecuencia, los expertos han pedido estudios adicionales sobre las prácticas de manufactura sostenibles, no solo para abordar la poca literatura en este tema, sino también para contribuir a la comprensión de las empresas de cómo incorporar sostenibilidad en sus operaciones. Sin embargo, además de ampliar el conocimiento de prácticas de manufactura sostenibles, primeramente es clave entender el conjunto básico de valores o principios detrás de la manufactura sostenible. Por esa razón, el propósito de esta tesis es contribuir al área de conocimiento con respecto a los principios y prácticas de manufactura sostenible. Los resultados presentados en esta tesis se basan en tres estudios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura que explora los principios de la sostenibilidad aplicables al contexto de la manufactura, y dos estudios de carácter explorativo que abordan las prácticas de manufactura sostenible. Esta tesis concluyó que entre las prácticas de manufactura sostenible más comunes se encuentran las relacionadas con la gestión de energía y materiales y la gestión de residuos. Del mismo modo, el estudio de la adherencia de las prácticas de manufactura sostenibles a los principios de manufactura sostenible se concluye que los principios relacionados a la conservación de la energía y los materiales y la gestión de los residuos generan el mayor número de prácticas.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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Exploring sustainable manufacturing principles and practices = Explorando los principios y prácticas de la manufactura sostenible

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Imagen de apoyo de  Public service delivery in post-conflict situations: the case of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in education in Colombia

Public service delivery in post-conflict situations: the case of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in education in Colombia

Por: Ana María González Ruiz | Fecha: 01/01/2015

This paper explores the participation of non-state providers in public service delivery in post-conflict reconstruction societies particularly for the provision of education. Using a qualitative research method the literature regarding state capacity and governance in war-to-peace transitions is assessed to identify the pros and cons of private sector intervention. As a case study the model of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in education in Colombia is analysed in order to examine the extent to which engagements with non-state actors can be a complementary strategy to assist former combatants and victims during the implementation of a potential peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – FARC.The Colombian model developed through the Familiar Compensation Fund – Cajas de Compensación Familiar – may be an alternative to offering educational programmes for children and youth ex-combatants. In the light of the plausible signing of a final peace agreement the provision of effective incentives in terms of basic public services will be a key driver for peacebuilding. The importance of education in development and processes of reintegration is well known, but the challenge is how to deliver adequate teaching services for children and young fighters in a context characterized by low state capacity and resource constraints. According to institutional frameworks, the model of PPPs in Colombia has served to deliver social programmes to poor communities, former combatants and victims of the armed conflict. Therefore, the case study is framed in four regions: Bogotá, Antioquia, Putumayo and Caquetá where the majority of the municipalities of the post-conflict will be concentrated except for Bogotá.The Familiar Compensation system, also known as Social Security Institutions, is a fundamental actor in the development of the Colombian social policy. Apart from providing social welfare services to workers and targeted communities, these institutions are key allies of the government in the implementation and execution of public programmes regarding the delivery of education, housing and health services given their experience, infrastructure, good practices and national coverage to reach the population in urban and rural regions. This innovative coordination between the public and private sector is also seen in the active role the Family Compensation Fund has in the articulation and definition of public policies at national and regional levels.Likewise, the SSIs have participated actively in the delivery of public education through different type of contracts under specific socio-economic requirements and governmental policies in order to benefit disadvantaged children and adults including demobilized and victims. The SSIs CAFAM, COMFAMILIAR PUTUMAYO, COMFACA and COMFAMA operate a variety of educational and complementary programmes according to the needs of each region. Some of them have worked together to deliver non-traditional educational services in municipalities intensely affected by the internal conflict, which are funded by both governmental and international agencies.In a post-conflict setting, the intervention of the SSIs as non-state providers would be crucial for state building as a result of the coordination mechanisms developed so far between the state and the private sector; the institutional and operational capacity of the SSIs in the provision of social services; and the accountability mechanism created to supervise and control the Family Compensation system through the Superintendence of Family Subsidy.Hence strengthening engagements with non-state actors in Colombia may contribute to restoring legitimacy and accountability in marginalized regions exercising the state an indirect role in service delivery via regulation and monitoring. Still accountability will need to be reinforced since some SSIs have been intervened due to political clientelism and local elite capture of decision-making, which have undermined their social impact in the communities where they operate. Nonetheless, the successful experiences of the Family Compensation Funds – among which are entrepreneurship, housing, microcredit, and education services – can be replicated and articulated in rural areas following the alternative model of PPPs in service delivery.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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Public service delivery in post-conflict situations: the case of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in education in Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  The make or buy decisions in Italcementi Packing Solutions: a quantitative approach in the global purchasing strategy context = Decisiones de compra o venta de empaques en Italcementi: un enfoque cuantitativo en el contexto de la estrategia global

The make or buy decisions in Italcementi Packing Solutions: a quantitative approach in the global purchasing strategy context = Decisiones de compra o venta de empaques en Italcementi: un enfoque cuantitativo en el contexto de la estrategia global

Por: Pablo Enrique Fernández Martínez | Fecha: 01/01/2012

Many multinational corporations find themselves frequently in the dichotomous question of whether to make or buy a given component; but when those companies are operating with a global purchasing strategy, oriented to high levels of centralization and  dealing simultaneously with the implications of purchasing and producing the same item, the approach to take the decision becomes difficult to find, even with the current literature and practitioners knowledge. This master thesis addresses in a comprehensive proposal the way to undertake this kind of make-or-buy decisions.Through the literature review done, regarding global purchasing strategy, purchasing models, supplier selection methods and make-or-buy frameworks; it was found a convenient model to merge those concepts with the empirical experiences of a single case study in the Italcementi Group, one of the largest Cement producers in the world.The model proposed considers both strategic and economic elements and is designed as an iterative algorithm that evaluates several alternatives in order to arrive to the best make-or-buy approach. The methodologies selected and combined to solve the problem are mostly quantitative, but keeping the importance of qualitative elements within the analysis. The outcome of the thesis is a contribution to academicians and practitioners aiming to turn the existing knowledge about make-or-buy decisions into practical solutions for business management.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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The make or buy decisions in Italcementi Packing Solutions: a quantitative approach in the global purchasing strategy context = Decisiones de compra o venta de empaques en Italcementi: un enfoque cuantitativo en el contexto de la estrategia global

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Imagen de apoyo de  UMTS Capacity simulation study (carried out at Vodafone Netherlands)

UMTS Capacity simulation study (carried out at Vodafone Netherlands)

Por: Andrés Felipe Cosme Hurtado | Fecha: 01/01/2003

The purpose of this report is to investigate the performance, measured in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of a UMTS radio network (UTRAN) under different traffic and mobility scenarios and develop general guidelines for dimensioning the UMTS network optimally. In this work, simulations are performed using Wines tool, which is a dynamic simulator that models all the radio-resource management functionality of the UTRAN. Two main series of experiments have been performed. In the first series, the distribution of the traffic is homogeneous and the main purpose is to find capacity figures when increasing the traffic density of one of the four possible defined services (WWW, FTP, voice and video-call) and also with a given traffic mix involving all services together.Two mobility profiles are used (pedestrian and vehicular). In the second series of experiments, a more realistic scenario, based on detailed geographical characteristics relevant for signal propagation, and traffic densities based on traffic maps (non homogeneous scenario), has been simulated. The purpose was to analyze the possible differences in capacity between the “ideal” model and the more “realistic” model.For the single-service scenario analysis, circuit-switched services (speech and video-call), it can be observed that the capacity is mainly uplink-limited. The corresponding results for the packet-switched services (FTP, WEB) have shown that capacity is mostly downlink-limited, as it was expected due to the more asymmetrical data rates in the downlink compared to the uplink for both services. For the service mix analysis in both scenarios (homogeneous and non homogeneous) it was found that the capacity is mostly downlink-limited (i.e. the downlink power target level is exceeded before the uplink load target level).
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería

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UMTS Capacity simulation study (carried out at Vodafone Netherlands)

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Imagen de apoyo de  Asset pricing in the stock and options markets = Valoración de activos de los mercados de acciones y opciones

Asset pricing in the stock and options markets = Valoración de activos de los mercados de acciones y opciones

Por: Aurelio Vásquez | Fecha: 01/01/2010

This thesis comprises three essays on asset pricing on the stock and options markets. The …first essay …finds a positive relation between the slope of the volatility term structure and subsequent option returns. The second essay …finds a negative relation between realized skewness, extracted from high-frequency data, and stock returns. The third essay finds a negative relation between price jumps of intraday data and future stock returns.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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  • Economía

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Asset pricing in the stock and options markets = Valoración de activos de los mercados de acciones y opciones

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Imagen de apoyo de  Legitimacy of governmental strategies combating terrorist groups in Colombia vs. the illegitimacy of curtailing first-rank rights. A conflict between state’s responsibilities and individuals’ rights

Legitimacy of governmental strategies combating terrorist groups in Colombia vs. the illegitimacy of curtailing first-rank rights. A conflict between state’s responsibilities and individuals’ rights

Por: Renata Amaya González | Fecha: 01/01/2004

The question addressed in this paper was whether a government, in a regime considered democratic, can legitimately curtail civil rights as a means of protecting public order and the sovereignty of the state. The second part of the question is what should be given priority when there is a tension between fundamental rights and the state’s duty to maintain public order. The case analyzed was the antiterrorism law passed in the Colombian Congress in December 2003.This law was one of the main strategies developed by Alvaro Uribe’s government on its first presidency period to fight terrorism. The purpose was to create a legal strategy to combat terrorism and to guarantee public order and the sovereignty of the state, which were constantly undermined by illegal armed groups.This case study reveals a tension between the government’s duty to maintain public order and individual rights – particularly the right to freedom, the right to privacy, and the right to habeas corpus. The tension in the antiterrorism law appears when the government limits first-rank rights as a means to combat acts of terrorism. In a country that faces an internal armed conflict that weakens democracy, the approval of the antiterrorism law gives too much authority to the government and jeopardizes fundamental rights and freedoms. Throughout the paper, the autor try to prove that the constraints on fundamental rights in such a scenario could result in an undermining of the constitutional regime and in the loss of democratic legitimacy.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencia política

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Legitimacy of governmental strategies combating terrorist groups in Colombia vs. the illegitimacy of curtailing first-rank rights. A conflict between state’s responsibilities and individuals’ rights

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Imagen de apoyo de  Physical activity promotion at the local level: municipal sport authorities participation in Colombia = Promoción de la actividad física en el nivel local: participación de las autoridades deportivas municipales en Colombia

Physical activity promotion at the local level: municipal sport authorities participation in Colombia = Promoción de la actividad física en el nivel local: participación de las autoridades deportivas municipales en Colombia

Por: Daniela Rozo Salazar | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Physical activity promotion (PAP) has reached policy agendas worldwide due to the social and economic burden that non-communicable diseases have generated. Colombia is one of the countries that have taken the challenge of promoting healthy lifestyles in order to reduce this burden and in addition, take advantage of other benefits that promoting this healthy lifestyle brings. Although some research has been done on the field, no studies related to the local government contribution were found. The local government plays a crucial role in PAP, considering that it has a great influence on the physical and social environment of a city and consequently in the individual behavior of its citizens.Additionally, it has a great responsibility concerning public health, social and economic development and environmental sustainability, aspects that are related to PAP. The present research, aims to provide a general overview on the current state of PAP in the Municipal Sport Authorities (MSAs) of one department of Colombia. In this sense, it is important to highlight that the sport sector has had a major role in PAP in the country and the department. Hence, structured interviews were conducted among heads of the MSAs of the 14 municipalities of the department and development plans were analyzed.Using this data, two main aspects were studied in order to achieve the research aim: the current PAP interventions and the conditions to promote physical activity (PA) in the department. Results indicate that the current PAP interventions have both strengths and weaknesses. Among the most important aspects, it was noticed that PAP in Risaralda has neglected important environmental determinants for PA behavior. PAP has been oriented from an “anthropic” perspective (targeting the individual). However, this seems to have had a positive effect on PA levels in the department. Concerning the conditions to promote PA, there are important findings related to the knowledge and skills of policy-makers and the management process used to develop the interventions. Some of the weaknesses found in the interventions might be related to the conditions to develop them. Recommendations to MSAs and for further research are given.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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  • Medicina

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Physical activity promotion at the local level: municipal sport authorities participation in Colombia = Promoción de la actividad física en el nivel local: participación de las autoridades deportivas municipales en Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Systemic revitalization. Bogotá, exploring strategies for intensification and revitalization of the consolidated city

Systemic revitalization. Bogotá, exploring strategies for intensification and revitalization of the consolidated city

Por: Carlos Andrés Núñez Dávila | Fecha: 01/01/2012

Nowadays, across the world, politic and economic models have been challenged. As part of the global agenda; urban discussions need to reposition towards enriching social and economic debates. In Bogota, Processes of urbanization have been shaped within profound conditions of inequity, rural migration and violence; generating a city socially and spatially segregated. Nevertheless, since last two decades, Bogota has been engaged in a process of transition towards the construction of more equalitarian and sustainable city. In this context, how to set up the agenda for further development strategies in the city? The aim of this thesis is to bring some ideas and questions into the debate about the construction of future models of urban development for Bogota.From the discussions and research presented we can derive some key points to have in account in terms of policies, planning and spatial strategies, and socio-economic dimensions; which can help to frame proposals about how Bogota can explore alternative strategies of urban revitalization.  Starting from acknowledging the fact that the built city is the result of multiple spatial, social and economic conditions; the concept of “Systemic revitalization”, is framed in how to introduce new uses, users and spaces, able to synergize with the existing forces and thus be able to trigger the revitalization of urban areas. Contrary to masterplanning, this model of development encourages time-based processes and multiple initiatives, done progressively whether by typological transformation or by insertion of new typologies and uses within the existing fabric.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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Systemic revitalization. Bogotá, exploring strategies for intensification and revitalization of the consolidated city

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Imagen de apoyo de  How can mining contribute to sustainable development in Colombia? A review of stakeholders perspective and policy gaps =Cómo la minería puede contribuir al desarrollo sostenible en Colombia? Una revisión de la perspectiva de los actores...

How can mining contribute to sustainable development in Colombia? A review of stakeholders perspective and policy gaps =Cómo la minería puede contribuir al desarrollo sostenible en Colombia? Una revisión de la perspectiva de los actores...

Por: Edwin Antonio Malagón Orjuela | Fecha: 01/01/2012

With increased demand and high prices for minerals and metals in recent years, many resource rich developing countries see mining sector as vital to develop their economies. Colombia is one of these nations. Non-renewable natural resource wealth is seen as an opportunity to obtain economic benefits that can be transformed into increased wellbeing for citizens. However, mining often involves a high environmental impact and the risk of causing, or exacerbating social problems and conflicts in mining areas is significant. This study addresses the issue of ‘How then can mining contribute to sustainable development?’ in the Colombian context.This issue is critical – with 44% of the population in poverty, and the territory considered one of the most biodiverse in the world. Views obtained from interviews with representatives of stakeholder groups from government, industry and civil society and the content of national mining policy documents were compared with a selection of industry best practice guidelines in order to identify key issues for mining and sustainable development in the country. Best practice guidelines were principally drawn from the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Mineral, Metals and Sustainable Development policy framework and the Extractive Industries Value Chain approach. Eleven key issues were identified as important for informants: policy frameworks, institutional capacity, access to information, royalty and tax regimes, transparency, local socioeconomic development, stakeholder participation and responsibility, community trust and image, environmental performance, mine closure and illegal mining.The findings also suggest three principal gaps that need to be addressed with some priority. The focus of mining policies should be shifted from a principal focus on increased production towards sustainable development and poverty reduction objectives; better coordination between mining, environmental and national development policies and institutions towards sustainable development objectives is required; and improved technical and institutional capacity to provide an adequate assessment process and the information regarding whether the benefits from mining overcome its negative impacts ant national and local levels is needed.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencias sociales

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How can mining contribute to sustainable development in Colombia? A review of stakeholders perspective and policy gaps =Cómo la minería puede contribuir al desarrollo sostenible en Colombia? Una revisión de la perspectiva de los actores...

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Imagen de apoyo de  Dispute Over Natural Resources in Colombia: a dialectical relationship between natural resource extraction and armed conflict = Disputa Sobre los Recursos Naturales en Colombia: una relación dialéctica entre la extracción de recursos y el conflicto armado

Dispute Over Natural Resources in Colombia: a dialectical relationship between natural resource extraction and armed conflict = Disputa Sobre los Recursos Naturales en Colombia: una relación dialéctica entre la extracción de recursos y el conflicto armado

Por: Daniel Eduardo Gómez Uribe | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Abstract:The extraction of natural resources has been one of the main sources of income and economic development in Colombia in the last twenty years. Such activity has been developed in a territory characterized by a pre-existing armed conflict that has lasted for more than five decades. This complex situation has accentuated violent struggles concerning the control and access to natural resources, which in turn has become the main source of income and a strategic priority for all Colombia´s armed groups, including the military and external actors such as international private security companies. By drawing on a historically situated dialectical analysis of structure-agency this research highlights the lacunas of scholarly treatment on the issue and addresses the question of to what extent resource extraction should be understood as a mean for economic development and mitigation of armed conflicto or whether it configures the production and reproduction of violence in Colombia. This study argues that the extraction of natural resources in a geographical territory characterized by a pre-existing armed conflict, specifically the Colombian case, contributes to the maintenance of the internal warfare. The argument will be illustrated by situating the contextual background of the case, examining the theories that explain the relationship between natural resource extraction and armed conflict, and presenting an analysis of historical structures and social action over time elucidating the role of natural resources in the production and reproduction of violence.Resumen: La extracción de recursos naturales ha sido una de las principales fuentes de ingresos y desarrollo económico en Colombia durante los últimos veinte años. El extractivismo se desarrolló en un territorio caracterizado por la existencia de un conflicto armado, que ha durado más de cinco décadas. Esta situación compleja ha acentuado las luchas violentas relacionadas con el control y acceso a los recursos naturales, que a su vez se ha convertido en la principal fuente de ingresos y una prioridad estratégica para todos los grupos armados de Colombia, incluidas las Fuerzas Armadas y actores externos como las empresas internacionales de seguridad privada. A través de un análisis dialéctico de estructura y agencia, esta investigación destaca los vacíos del tratamiento académico sobre el tema y aborda la pregunta de hasta qué punto la extracción de recursos debe entenderse como un medio para el desarrollo económico y la mitigación del conflicto armado o si configura la producción y reproducción de la violencia en Colombia. Este estudio argumenta que la extracción de recursos naturales en un territorio caracterizado por el conflicto armado contribuye al mantenimiento de la guerra interna. El argumento se ilustrará a través del caso del extractivismo en Colombia, examinando las teorías que explican la relación entre la extracción de recursos naturales y el conflicto armado, y presentando un análisis de las estructuras históricas y la acción colectiva social a lo largo del tiempo dilucidando el papel de la extracción de recursos naturales en la producción y reproducción de la violencia.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis
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Dispute Over Natural Resources in Colombia: a dialectical relationship between natural resource extraction and armed conflict = Disputa Sobre los Recursos Naturales en Colombia: una relación dialéctica entre la extracción de recursos y el conflicto armado

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