This report focuses on the representation of architectural and urban atmospheres in the advertising of architectural projects. The primary objective is to highlight the role of human figures in both; the representation of atmospheres and the lifestyles portrayed in the images, and as a method of helping potential customers identify and picture themselves in these images. This work is structured into four main parts: The first part sets out the theoretical framework. It highlights the fact that the research topic is new and belongs to the following three different and relatively known fields of study: The representation of atmospheres in architectural and urban projects, the image as a communication tool, and the staging of human figures in promotional advertising.In the second part, interviews with image production specialists are done in order to understand how images are made, what marketing strategies are used, how graphic atmospheres are conceived, and how the selection and staging of human figures is done. Based on the previous findings, the third part of the project consists of an in depth image analysis. A two phase approach is used: First, images used for the promotion of housing projects and architectural contests are analysed with the purpose of evaluating the difference of the role played by the human figures in these two types of project advertisement. Then, a detailed analysis of images of housing projects is made in order to highlight the most frequent elements used to depict an ideal urban atmosphere. A discussion is made on how this atmosphere is far away from reality and how individual interpretation influences the perception of these images that only represent an idyllic representation of reality; a depiction of how people would like to live in that perfect city. Lastly, the fourth part is dedicated to the collection of perceptions from potential customers of housing projects based on 3 images of an ideal urban atmosphere. The design, completion, and analysis of these surveys represent the experimental section of our research. This last part validates the different hypotheses concerning the role of human figures and shows that they are used as a tool for facilitating the perception of positive atmospheres even though they do not influence other general aspects such as the perception of light, the warmness, the harmony or the pleasantness of the atmospheres that are represented by these images.

The following study will explore the impact of the current oil price decline in the knowledge transfer process in International Strategic Alliances belonging to the Oil and Gas Sector. The research was oriented to the knowledge flow effects between International Partners and the Colombian National Oil Company. Also, experts from the Colombian Oil sector were consulted to identify those effects. Then, three analytical categories were designed to evaluate the case: the NOC's internal processes and Behaviour along with the Influence of knowledge gaps between the partners. Within these categories were considered variables such as Internal structures, Trust, Relational Capital, absorptive capacity and the NOC’s idiosyncrasies. The results suggest that the current oil price decline can influence the knowledge transfer in some cases but remain indifferent in others, whereas the effect of the Emerging partner’s Absorptive capacity might shape “learning traps” if the knowledge application capacity does not support the knowledge transfer process. 

Los centros tradicionales de las principales ciudades del mundo han venido experimentando procesos de gentrificación a través de, por ejemplo, proyectos de renovación urbana que terminan desplazando a residentes sin poder adquisitivo debido a la valorización del suelo. Estas políticas han sido favorecedoras del mercado y han vulnerado el derecho a la ciudad de las poblaciones de bajos ingresos que han ocupado durante años estos lugares. Como consecuencia de lo anterior han surgido, en las últimas décadas, organizaciones barriales de resistencia que actúan en defensa del territorio y que, a través de acciones colectivas, han generado procesos contragentrificadores.

La presente investigación aborda el estudio del nuevo modelo de protección para la vejez como piso mínimo y su relación en la ampliación de cobertura "pensional", entendiéndose esta como la existencia de un ingreso económico en la tercera edad, se analiza para este objetivo el sistema pensional, el sistema de protección a la vejez y la cobertura pensional. Se realizó un análisis que buscó determinar la incidencia de los programas Colombia Mayor y Beneficios Económicos Periódicos, identificando los problemas públicos y formulando alternativas de solución para la emisión de una política pública eficiente. De tal manera, el presente documento se divide en cinco capítulos; en el primero se desarrolla un análisis del sistema pensional en el país, sus características y sus problemas estructurales; en el segundo capítulo se hace un abordaje del concepto de los Pisos de Protección Social para la vejez analizando BEPS y Colombia Mayor; en el tercer capítulo se desarrolla la metodología utilizada, en el cuarto capítulo se establece la relación entre el Nuevo Modelo de la Protección a la Vejez y su ampliación en la cobertura, para finalizar, en el quinto capítulo con fórmulas y alternativas de solución que responden al problema público identificado.

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es realizar un análisis al ingreso de la conducción en estado de embriaguez, como problema de carácter social, en la agenda legislativa colombiana, a partir de la teoría de la agenda building así como del nivel de influencia de los medios de comunicación.

This paper examines clientelism and citizen participation at the local level in Bogotá. Based on qualitative interviews conducted in May 2018 to the presidents of the Community Action Boards -JAC, members of the Local Administrative Board - JAL and the Local Mayor of the town number 17 of La Candelaria, analyzes the incidence of clientelism in the processes of citizen participation of the Local Mayor's Office of La Candelaria.

Maestría

El proyecto propone un diseño de gestión del cambio para la VOT del ICETEX, con base en la aplicación y análisis de un instrumento de medición de cambio; así como información recopilada de varias fuentes sobre la cual se soporta este estudio. La teoría para la formulación y el desarrollo del modelo final es la del Dr. Jhon Kotter, este estudio consta de cinco fases en las cuales se establece el problema, la teoría, la metodología, la aplicación, el análisis y la propuesta

Design of a methodology based on the model Hofstede promoting culture of business innovation in charge of a tool that allows the implementation of tools that promote the wellbeing and organizational development for a company of services of Software in our country. It contains a matrix that promptly identifies the processes and methods to reach an agile structure and that tends to a continuous development and scope of proposed goals.

Objective: Propose the design of a corporate social innovation scheme for the support of post-conflict with the FARC in Colombia Methods: This is a qualitative study that obtained information through 9 interviews with CEOs of companies of different sizes and economic sectors in Colombia. Results: As part of the analysis process, the authors elaborated the theory of the links to peace, which emerges from what is referred to by entrepreneurs about peacebuilding and to make two analogies: the first, the figure of the links and the second, from the terms of anatomical location. Based on the grounded theory, a corporate social innovation scheme was designed to ensure organizations effectively meet a set of defined criteria to support the post-conflict process with the FARC in Colombia. Conclusions: The scheme pretend to benefit the post-conflict target population and to encourage Colombian companies to build roads towards a lasting peace, assuming their responsibility as one of the actors in the maintenance of the Colombian armed conflict.