Abstract: The paper presents a theoretical critical revision of the four mainstream sustainability information encoding processes by arguing that they are insufficiently capable of intelligibly recording, classifying, and summarizing sustainability data for economic prosperity, environmental integrity and social equity decision making (i.e. sustainable development). Utilizing the postulates of General Systems Theory and systems proprieties the problem of information complexity presented by sustainability data is addressed. Resumen: El siguiente trabajo presenta una revisión teórico crítica de los cuatro procesos de codificación de información desde los cuales se reporta actualmente en sostenibilidad. El trabajo sostiene que cada uno de ellos es insuficientemente capaz de registrar, clasificar y resumir información de forma inteligible para la toma de decisiones sobre desarrollo sostenible, es decir, respecto a decisiones sobre prosperidad económica, integridad medioambiental y equidad social. La revisión crítica está basada en los postulados de la Teoría General de Sistemas y en las propiedades sistémicas que permiten abordar el problema de la complejidad en información que presenta la información en sostenibilidad.

Background Retinopathy of prematurity is the major cause of blindness in children in Colombia. This cause of childhood blindness is irreversible when stablished, but 100% preventable with the adequate strategies put in place. This raises important questions concerning strategies to reduce the incidence of blindness as a result of ROP, which should ensure that all infants who are at risk of blinding ROP are examined in screening programmes. Aim The aim was to collect data in the neonatal intensive care units. This was used to evaluate the existing human and material resources for preventing, screening and treating ROP and rehabilitation of children suffering from ROP. The data helped to do an analysis of gaps in the service and allowed to present a proposal for a programme to prevent blindness due to ROP in the cities of Manizales, Pereira and Armenia, Colombia. Methods 7 NICUs were visited in the three cities. The study collected quantitative data on neonatal intensive care units, admission and survival of premature babies during 2010, human resources and infrastructure and data on knowledge of the Colombian guidelines on ROP. Results The survival rates vary according to the provider. They are higher in the private sector, and lower in the public sector. Overall, the available data allowed us to estimate that there are approximately 45,000 births per year (2010) in the region (95% occur in hospital) and 1.8% of all the births are less than 2,000g. Therefore, in the region, 810 babies per year weighing less than 2,000g are at risk of developing any type of ROP. The number of places, ventilators and monitors is sufficient. Staffing is adequate in the private NICUs, with a shortage of neonatologists in the public NICUs. The number of nurses monitoring babies is universally adequate, but the lack of knowledge in controlling risk factors of developing ROP such as monitoring oxygen in a constraint. An ROP screening programme is not available in public NICUs and in some of the mixed providers. The Kangaroo Mother programme lack of screening for ROP. Conclusions The unstable health system has allowed (i) unsustainable NICUs and programmes for ROP (ii) If available, programmes running without being monitored or evaluated, and, (iii) no screening in public and some mixed NICUs in Manizales, Pereira and Armenia. (iv) no screening for ROP in the Kangaroo Mother Programe As access and survival rates improve in the NICUS of these cities, ROP is likely to continue to be a significant cause of blindness in the region, despite the progress that has been achieved with the 2010 Colombian guidelines for screening and treating ROP. Recommendations The results suggest that the prevention of blinding ROP is a complex task in Colombia that requires concomitant strategies to be put in place: Firstly, national policies in screening for ROP and oxygen delivery for the babies in the NICUs are needed. Secondly, as a primary preventive strategy, training nurses in the NICUs to control and monitor the delivery of oxygen; as a secondary preventive strategy, ROP programmes offered to the public, mixed, private NICUs and to the Kangaro Mother Programme; as a tertiary strategy, rehabilitation providing a low vision centre for these children Thirdly, running ROP programmes need to be monitored and evaluated.

Gender-based violence during armed conflicts and under oppressive regimes is a reality. Although governments, NGOs, the international community and civil society have made efforts to address the impact of gender-selective practices on women their magnitude remains underestimated. When sexual violence has been systematically used as a strategy of terror and control, children born as a consequence of it emerge within the society as a generation conceived from violence. Even though these children are part of the narratives of wartime sexual violence survivors, they have neither gained a place in the agenda of human rights concerns nor in the post-violence political agenda. Indeed, in the aftermath of conflict they seem to be invisible subjects of the wounded society and therefore, their role in the process of national reconciliation is denied. Although there is a significant lack of information on these children, empirical evidence shows that their human rights are highly compromised in a number of ways and that their presence cannot be underestimated. In this dissertation I argue that the omission to include these children in the agenda towards reconciliation hinders the project of national reconstruction. By being excluded from this process, they are not just marginalised from the political process towards reconstruction of the society but also from society itself. My analysis is enriched by elements coming from sociology, psychology and international human rights law. I based my research on the review of International Human Rights Instruments; Literature on gender based violence during conflicts; war-affected children; trauma; and reconciliation. In addition, I reviewed literature on the plight of these children in Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (CVD) son la primera causa de discapacidad y muerte prematura en el mundo. La aterosclerosis, caracterizada por la acumulación de lípidos y elementos fibrosos en las arterias, es el principal proceso patológico que da lugar a las CVD. En el desarrollo de esta patología participan la diferenciación, la proliferación y la migración celular, dando lugar a diferentes respuestas celulares y moleculares, que son características de una enfermedad inflamatoria. La vía de señalización por Wnt es un regulador de la proliferación, la supervivencia y la diferenciación celular y es una de las primeras repuestas celulares al daño. En esta tesis quisimos discernir si la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt tiene un papel anti- o pro-inflamatorio durante la progresión de la lesión aterosclerótica, así como la implicación de su activación mediante LRP5 en los estados iniciales de la aterosclerosis. Con este fin, analizamos la expresión de LRP5 en los tipos celulares implicados en la formación de la lesión aterosclerótica y su modulación por los lípidos extracelulares. Estudiamos la implicación del LRP5 en la diferenciación y proliferación de las células inflamatorias que participan en la formación de la lesión aterosclerótica y caracterizamos la función de LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt en un modelo de ratones hipercolesterolémicos deficientes para LRP5. Nuestros resultados demuestran que los lípidos extracelulares aumentan la expresión de LRP5 en cultivos de macrófagos humanos provocando la activación de la vía de de señalización por Wnt, mientras que el silenciamiento de LRP5 provoca una menor migración de los macrófagos. La sobreexpresión de LRP5 en monocitos induce una menor diferenciación a macrófagos, una disminución de la proliferación y un aumento de la apoptosis. En ratones hipercolesterolémicos deficientes para LRP5 la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt se encuentra bloqueada empeorando el perfil dislipémico de los ratones Lrp5-/- mediante el aumento de la infiltración de monocitos en la pared vascular y de la respuesta inflamatoria de los leucocitos. Además, demostramos que los efectos proaterogénicos ocasionados por el exceso de lípidos en el plasma están mediamos en parte por la modulación de la expresión de LRP5 en la aorta y que LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt ejercen un mecanismo de defensa contra de la hiperlipidemia y la progresión de las lesiones ateroscleróticas. Así, este trabajo describe la implicación de LRP5 en diferentes procesos celulares claves durante la formación de la lesión, como son la infiltración y diferenciación de las células monocíticas, la adhesión y migración celular y la captación de lípidos. Además, demostramos que la ausencia de este receptor durante la hipercolesterolemia ocasiona una deficiencia en la respuesta inflamatoria y en el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas a nivel sistémico. En conjunto, nuestros resultados demuestran la participación de LRP5 en el desarrollo de la lesión aterosclerótica y evidencian un papel ateroprotector y de supervivencia para LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt.

Resumen: El objetivo de ésta tesis es dar una base bibliográfica suficiente para identificar estudios, disciplinas y tecnologías vigentes que puedan ser aplicadas a la observación y mejoramiento de los mecanismos biológicos necesarios para tocar contrabajo, y que por tanto aporten a la potenciación de las posibilidades técnicas y artísticas del contrabajista, así como de su salud. En el Capítulo 1 se presenta información considerada clave acerca de las características morfológicas, tanto del cuerpo humano como del contrabajo, a la vez que se introducen algunos ejemplos de la manera en que dichas morfologías, y la interacción entre ellas, aportan a la producción controlada de sonido. En el segundo capítulo se integra al documento información acerca de los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos que aquejan a músicos profesionales. Allí se recogen datos estadísticos referentes los músicos de orquesta, y se focaliza en algunos de los trastornos comunes para los contrabajistas, incluyendo descripciones de condiciones endógenas y exógenas que los originan. En el tercer capítulo se exponen algunas iniciativas investigativas que buscan vincular al panorama del desarrollo musical profesional ciertas perspectivas emergentes: conceptos y disciplinas dedicados a cultivar un buen uso de la asociación humana mente/cuerpo, que muestran un gran potencial, tanto para la prevención y la rehabilitación de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos como para el pulimento de la técnica instrumental. En la cuarta y última fase de la exploración bibliográfica (capítulo 4) se integrará enfáticamente información conteniendo análisis más detallados de las mecánicas corporales en interacción con los objetos, las herramientas, los instrumentos. Abstract: The objective of this document is to give a sufficientbibliographic basis to identify current studies, disciplines and technologies that can be applied to the observation and improvement of the biological mechanisms necessary to touch against Touch double bass, and therefore contribute to the empowerment of the technical and artistic possibilities of the bassist, as well as his health. In this sense, in the first instance (Chapter 1), information is presented that is considered key to the morphological characteristics of both the human body and the double bass, while introducing some examples of how these Morphology, and the interaction between them, contributes to the controlled production of sound. In the second chapter, information on musculoskeletal disorders afflicting professional musicians is integrated into the document. There are collected statistical data concerning orchestral musicians, and focuses on some of the common disorders for the bassists, including descriptions of endogenous and exogenous conditions that originate them. The third chapter sets out some research initiatives that seek to link to the panorama of professional musical development certain emerging perspectives: concepts and disciplines dedicated to cultivating a good use of the human Mind/body Association, which They show great potential, both for the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders and for the polishing of instrumental techniques. In the fourth and final phase of bibliographic exploration (chapter 4), information will be emphatically integrated containing more detailed analyses of body mechanics in interaction with objects, tools, instruments. It will be sought to make evident the relevance of the use of detailed biomechanical control and analysis tools, for the observation and development of the necessary movements within the instrumental musical activity of the bassist.

Prelude No. 1 in C Major, BWV 846 (02 min. 11 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 1 in C Major, BWV 846 (02 min. 05 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 847 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 847 (01 min. 43 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 848 (01 min. 28 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 848 (02 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 849 (02 min. 39 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 849 (03 min. 42 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 5 in D Major, BWV 850 (01 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 5 in D Major, BWV 850 (02 min. 16 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851 (01 min. 33 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851 (02 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 852 (03 min. 38 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 852 (01 min. 48 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 8 in E-Flat Minor, BWV 853 (03 min. 03 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 853 (05 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 9 in E Major, BWV 854 (01 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 9 in E Major, BWV 854 (01 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 855 (02 min. 37 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 855 (01 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 11 in F Major, BWV 856 (01 min. 01 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 11 in F Major, BWV 856 (01 min. 45 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 857 (01 min. 42 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 857 (03 min. 21 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 858 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 858 (02 min. 25 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 859 (01 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 859 (02 min. 50 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 15 in G Major, BWV 860 (NaN min. NaN sec.)(56 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 15 in G Major, BWV 860 (03 min. 16 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 (01 min. 50 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 862 (01 min. 24 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 862 (02 min. 31 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 863 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 863 (02 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 19 in A Major, BWV 864 (01 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 19 in A Major, BWV 864 (02 min. 03 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 865 (01 min. 06 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 865 (05 min. 01 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 866 (01 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 866 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 867 (02 min. NaN sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 867 (02 min. 56 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 23 in B Major, BWV 868 (01 min. 15 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 23 in B Major, BWV 868 (02 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 869 (05 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 869 (06 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 1 in C Major, BWV 870 (02 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 1 in C Major, BWV 870 (01 min. 54 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 871 (02 min. 34 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 871 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 872 (01 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 872 (02 min. 06 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 873 (03 min. 35 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 873 (02 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 5 in D Major, BWV 874 (05 min. 35 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 5 in D Major, BWV 874 (03 min. 09 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 875 (01 min. 51 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 875 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 876 (02 min. 07 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 876 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 877 (03 min. 59 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 877 (03 min. 05 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 9 in E Major, BWV 878 (05 min. 25 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 9 in E Major, BWV 878 (02 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 879 (04 min. 14 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 879 (03 min. 13 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 11 in F Major, BWV 880 (03 min. 14 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 11 in F Major, BWV 880 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 881 (04 min. NaN sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 881 (02 min. 07 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 882 (03 min. 04 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 882 (02 min. 49 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 883 (02 min. 44 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 883 (04 min. 15 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 15 in G Major, BWV 884 (03 min. 12 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 15 in G Major, BWV 884 (01 min. 27 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 885 (02 min. 23 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 885 (03 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 886 (03 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 886 (02 min. 59 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 887 (04 min. 41 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 887 (04 min. 30 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 19 in A Major, BWV 888 (01 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 19 in A Major, BWV 888 (01 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 889 (05 min. 30 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 889 (01 min. 49 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 890 (07 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 890 (03 min. 04 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 891 (02 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 891 (04 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 23 in B Major, BWV 892 (02 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 23 in B Major, BWV 892 (02 min. 56 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 893 (02 min. 28 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 893 (02 min. 24 sec.) / Bach

OBJECTIVES: Unintentional asphyxia among preadolescents and adolescents by compression of the neck and other means of inducing hypoxia / anoxia in order to get exhilarating effects are not new or uncommon behaviors and can lead to death by accident. Medical science has described autoerotic asphyxiation and more recently asphyxial games “choking games” as different entities. This study addresses both behaviors to understand the characteristics of how these practices are presented as well as the risks factors to them in order to determine if there are substantial differences between the two practices, or if instead they are related behaviors. Accurate knowledge of these behaviors based on scientific evidence will facilitate the understanding of the etiology and manifested features and facilitate the implementation of preventive measures to avoid such deaths. METHODS: A retrospective study of fatal cases published in recognized scientific journal articles of both autoerotic asphyxiation and choking game behaviors in the adolescent population was made. Articles on sociology, psychoanalysis and psychiatry as well as studies previously published case series and epidemiological studies to assess student population etiological factors and risk factors associated with behaviors were included in this review. Features of both behaviors, such as prevalence, age distribution, gender, type of asphyxia and place of occurrence are presented. RESULTS: The results are consistent in all variables analyzed for both behaviors. Most practitioners are men. Cases of both behaviors in preadolescence show a tendency to increase with age. The most frequent type of asphyxia identified was hanging conducted in private quarters. Psychiatric and psychoanalytic literature identifies common elements between male castration complex, failed oral psychosexual development and the practice of asphyxia in its integration with sociological theories of risk and confrontation ordeal in adolescence. The review of epidemiological studies reveals common elements in the development of both practices in terms of risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests a link between both practices and allows to theorize that they are part of the same syndrome. Integrating psychoanalytic and sociological concepts as well as the risk factors suggests a linear sequential model of development in four stages: childhood syndrome rope, asphyxial games associated to masturbation, Adolescent autoerotic asphyxia and Adult Autoerotic Asphyxia fetishist / bondage Syndrome. Death is explained in each of the stages as failed physiological and emotional adaptation mechanisms. It is important to disseminate knowledge of these practices among health professionals and further studies should be carried out in regarding deaths by hanging in children and adolescents.

In 2007, the European Commission recognized “Café de Colombia” as the first non-European Protected Geographical Indication. It was the result of longstanding advertising efforts promoting the Colombian Coffee as a synonym of quality, particularly guaranteeing its singleorigin. Around the indication “Café de Colombia”, economical, cultural, political and social benefits have been achieved. Consequently, this case demonstrates the relevance of indications of geographical origin (IGOs), and the need for adequate measures of protection. Nevertheless, this case also reveals the inconvenient regulation of the TRIPS Agreement regarding this matter. First, the paper demonstrates that the TRIPS Agreement allows the registration of individual Trademarks (TMs) containing or consisting of IGOs, which leads to a symbiosis between two incompatible regimes. As a result, the TRIPS Agreement makes feasible the monopolization of IGOs through TM registration. It also godfathers the potential misleading use of TMs regarding the geographical origin of the products. To support these assertions, it is required to draw a parallel between TM law and the IGO regime. It is also relevant to present the variety of means of protection that national jurisdictions might adopt to implement the TRIPS Agreement, avoiding the registration of individual TMs. Second, the document highlights the discriminatory regulation adopted by the TRIPS Agreement on IGOs, favoring indications for wines and spirits. It studies the origins of such a discriminatory system of protection, to demonstrate that no plausible justification lies on it. Therefore, this paper advocates for the extension of the protection currently reserved to indications for wines and spirits. In doing so, the analysis of “Café de Colombia” results even more eloquent because Colombia, a country famous for its coffee rather than for its production of wines and spirits (in which it has no tradition at all), is part of the opponent group, advocating for the discriminatory two-tiered system adopted by the TRIPS Agreement.

Prelude No. 1 in C Major, BWV 846 (02 min. 11 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 1 in C Major, BWV 846 (02 min. 05 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 847 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 847 (01 min. 43 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 848 (01 min. 28 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 848 (02 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 849 (02 min. 39 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 849 (03 min. 42 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 5 in D Major, BWV 850 (01 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 5 in D Major, BWV 850 (02 min. 16 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851 (01 min. 33 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851 (02 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 852 (03 min. 38 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 852 (01 min. 48 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 8 in E-Flat Minor, BWV 853 (03 min. 03 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 853 (05 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 9 in E Major, BWV 854 (01 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 9 in E Major, BWV 854 (01 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 855 (02 min. 37 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 855 (01 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 11 in F Major, BWV 856 (01 min. 01 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 11 in F Major, BWV 856 (01 min. 45 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 857 (01 min. 42 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 857 (03 min. 21 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 858 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 858 (02 min. 25 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 859 (01 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 859 (02 min. 50 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 15 in G Major, BWV 860 (NaN min. NaN sec.)(56 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 15 in G Major, BWV 860 (03 min. 16 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 (01 min. 50 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 862 (01 min. 24 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 862 (02 min. 31 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 863 (01 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 863 (02 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 19 in A Major, BWV 864 (01 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 19 in A Major, BWV 864 (02 min. 03 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 865 (01 min. 06 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 865 (05 min. 01 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 866 (01 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 866 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 867 (02 min. NaN sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 867 (02 min. 56 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 23 in B Major, BWV 868 (01 min. 15 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 23 in B Major, BWV 868 (02 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 869 (05 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 869 (06 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 1 in C Major, BWV 870 (02 min. 36 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 1 in C Major, BWV 870 (01 min. 54 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 871 (02 min. 34 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 2 in C Minor, BWV 871 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 872 (01 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 3 in C-Sharp Major, BWV 872 (02 min. 06 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 873 (03 min. 35 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 4 in C-Sharp Minor, BWV 873 (02 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 5 in D Major, BWV 874 (05 min. 35 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 5 in D Major, BWV 874 (03 min. 09 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 875 (01 min. 51 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 6 in D Minor, BWV 875 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 876 (02 min. 07 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 7 in E-Flat Major, BWV 876 (02 min. 08 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 877 (03 min. 59 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 8 in D-Sharp Minor, BWV 877 (03 min. 05 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 9 in E Major, BWV 878 (05 min. 25 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 9 in E Major, BWV 878 (02 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 879 (04 min. 14 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 10 in E Minor, BWV 879 (03 min. 13 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 11 in F Major, BWV 880 (03 min. 14 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 11 in F Major, BWV 880 (01 min. 57 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 881 (04 min. NaN sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 12 in F Minor, BWV 881 (02 min. 07 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 882 (03 min. 04 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 13 in F-Sharp Major, BWV 882 (02 min. 49 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 883 (02 min. 44 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 14 in F-Sharp Minor, BWV 883 (04 min. 15 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 15 in G Major, BWV 884 (03 min. 12 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 15 in G Major, BWV 884 (01 min. 27 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 885 (02 min. 23 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 16 in G Minor, BWV 885 (03 min. 10 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 886 (03 min. 29 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 17 in A-Flat Major, BWV 886 (02 min. 59 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 887 (04 min. 41 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 18 in G-Sharp Minor, BWV 887 (04 min. 30 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 19 in A Major, BWV 888 (01 min. 52 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 19 in A Major, BWV 888 (01 min. 19 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 889 (05 min. 30 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 20 in A Minor, BWV 889 (01 min. 49 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 890 (07 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 21 in B-Flat Major, BWV 890 (03 min. 04 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 891 (02 min. 20 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 22 in B-Flat Minor, BWV 891 (04 min. 22 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 23 in B Major, BWV 892 (02 min. 18 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 23 in B Major, BWV 892 (02 min. 56 sec.) / Bach -- Prelude No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 893 (02 min. 28 sec.) / Bach -- Fugue No. 24 in B Minor, BWV 893 (02 min. 24 sec.) / Bach

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) or proteoglycans in Green coffee beans (GCB) are characterized by their low levels of extraction. Previous work reported a yield of ~1,1% (w/w) of GCB using hot water extraction. This means over 92% AGP of the coffee beans remains in the residual cell wall material (RCWM) composed of cellulose and mannan. The aim of this research is to increase the extraction of AGP from green coffee beans, applying different extraction methods and to compare the methods based on their yield and the chemical composition of obtained fraction. AGP was extracted by: single extraction using (1) cold (4 °C) or (2) hot water (90°C), (3) enzymatic hydrolysis or by sequential extraction, starting with cold water, followed by (4) hot water or alkali (6M KOH) extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis. Extracted AGP was purified and recovered using a preparative anion exchange column (AEC). AGP fractions were identified with a Yariv radial gel diffusion assay. The highest extraction yield (8,7% AGP) was obtained through sequential extraction using alkali. In this method, the alkali extraction resulting in extraction of 57% of the total AGP extracted with the sequence followed by the enzymatic treatment with a 37%. Two main AGPs were obtained with AEC one unbound and the other bound (both showed positive reaction to Yariv reagent test). In order to elucidate the reasons of having these two different AGPs, molecular size was determined using HPSEC, but clear differences were not observed. A main peak with a molecular weight of 287 kDa was measured for both. Analysis carried out in the composition of AGPs confirmed the majority content of arabinose and galactose and the presence of proteins and uronic acids to a less extent. Protein content was on average 12% (w/w). The carbohydrate moiety accounted between 3 to 7% uronic acids with glucuronic acid being the most predominant. Effect of the extraction method on the structure was reflected in the variation of the ratio Galactose/Arabinose. For instance, AGP from cold water showed a ratio of 2.6 indicating its highly branched nature that eases its solubilization. In contrasts ratio of AGP from the enzymatic treatment in the sequential extraction was around 8, which means a poor branch structure. The difference in the ratios reflects the strength of the treatment applied in the composition of AGP. Therefore studies on the extraction of AGP from coffee beans have to be developed using milder methods to maintain the native structure of the AGP presences in the CWM and therefore reducing the side effects on its structure.