Abstract: Background: Multidrug resistant TB cases have been on the rise, risking advances in TB prevalence and control. Early diagnosis and targeted initial treatment are paramount for effective management and control of spreading of MDR/XDR-TB cases Methods: 161 isolates from patients with L-J culture confirmed TB in Lima, Peru, were tested with MODS+ assay, the diagnostic test and Sensititre, the reference standard. Analysis of growth patterns of bacteria in both methods were used to determine susceptibility/resistance of each isolate to three first line and six second line anti-TB agents, using two different critical concentrations (CC) for each antibiotic. Results: Agreement between susceptibility profiles and operational characteristics of diagnostic test yielded high performance and strong agreement with rifampicin 1μg/ml (agreement percent 90%, Kappa value 0.80) and amikacin 1μg/ml (agreement percent 96%, Kappa value 0.81), moderate for isoniazid 0.4μg/ml (agreement percent 89.4%, Kappa value 0.78), moxifloxacin at both CC’s 0.5μg/ml and 0.25μg/ml (agreement percent 93 and kappa values 0.73 for both), levofloxacin 2μg/ml (agreement 93%, kappa 0.69) and amikacin 2μg/ml (agreement 96%, Kappa 0.81), minimal for levofloxacin at CC 1.5μg/ml (agreement 90%, kappa 0.57) kanamycin at both CC’s 10μg/ml and 5μg/ml (agreement 87%, kappa 0.52) and ethionamide 5μg/ml (agreement 89%, kappa 0.46), weak for PAS 10μg/ml (agreement percent 93.9, kappa value 0.29), and none for ethambutol (Kappa value 0.02 for CC 10μg/ml, 0.07 for CC 5μg/ml). Conclusions: MODS+ assay is a cost-effective option for the diagnosis of TB and MDR/XDRTB, specially, in low resource settings with high TB incidence. Further operational research using lower CC’s, results read on different days and placed in settings with high and low TB and MDR/XDRTB burden could offer better sensitivities and wider applicability of results.

Abstract: The central aim of this research is to scrutinize the liability regime associated with environmental harm resulting from mining activities in the Area. The thesis endeavors to identify and analyze the gaps in the existing legal framework, particularly under UNCLOS. It questions whether the current standards, which are predominantly based on negligence, are sufficient for safeguarding the ecological integrity of this vital global common. The research is driven by the pressing need for an effective legal regime that aligns with the CHM principle and adequately protects the marine environment from the risks of deep-sea mining. Resumen: El objetivo central de esta investigación es examinar el régimen de responsabilidad asociado con el daño ambiental resultante de las actividades mineras en la Zona. La tesis se esfuerza por identificar y analizar las lagunas en el marco legal existente, especialmente bajo la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (UNCLOS). Se cuestiona si las normas actuales, que se basan predominantemente en la negligencia, son suficientes para salvaguardar la integridad ecológica de este vital bien común global. La investigación se impulsa por la apremiante necesidad de un régimen legal efectivo que se alinee con el principio del Patrimonio Común de la Humanidad (CHM) y proteja adecuadamente el medio ambiente marino de los riesgos de la minería en el lecho marino profundo.

Abstract: The following document is a proposal to enhance and improve the way in which the Colombian craft sector exposes and sells its products, through a unified platform in which stories, craftsmen, creative professionals, and products converge in a dynamic and simplified way. Here they may show the modern, fresh, high aesthetic and professional face of the Colombian craft sector, always having as a horizon the new global dynamics of digitalization and virtualization of everyday life. In this process, the Association Artesanías de Colombia is taken as the main reference, being the main channel that groups and manages the national artisan activity, the platform is formulated as the future tool for the management of the artisan sector. Facing problems that the artisans manifest, punctually the lack of visibility and participation in new markets, the physical limitations that they have to exhibit and sell their products, followed by the low participation in exhibitions and fairs. In order to face these inconveniences, which overwhelm Colombian artisans on a daily basis, the document begins by reviewing the artisan sector as such, identifying its principles and values. This is followed by the evaluation of initiatives and programs that have been and are still in place, focusing on the digital development of the sector, and reviewing interesting national and international case studies of collaborations between the artisan sector and the creative industries, highlighting the importance of these joint ventures for obtaining results that combine contemporaneity with tradition. Finally, the thesis closes with a proposal for the design of a system that simplifies the essential components of the craft sector, enhancing the relationship between craftsman and designer, giving special emphasis to the way in which products are displayed digitally using 3d scanner methods, thus raising the level and homogeneity of the platform. Link to the website prototype: https://www.figma.com/proto/zpEVy5JmhPjY7lfvWqjFMB/Artesanias?node-id=1-6&scaling=minzoom&page-id=0%3A1&starting-point-node-id=1%3A6

Abstract: At the present time, climate change and antimicrobial resistance are considered as the most critical threats, affecting human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Although these terms may initially appear different, they are interconnected and share similarities in their causes (human interventions and natural cycles), health, and societal consequences. Climate change is associated through direct and indirect pathways with an increase in infectious diseases. Nonetheless, the association between global warming and antimicrobial resistance requires a comprehensive summary of evidence exploring it. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify and describe the association between climate change and the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar. The search period was restricted to articles published from January 2010 to June 2021. Additionally, a snowballing approach was conducted to identify any additional papers. Data extraction included study location, weather factors, environmental elements, antibiotics, and bacteria analysed, as well as the results. Results: 29 articles were included (ten literature or systematic reviews, eight experimental, six ecological, four observational, and one quasi-experimental). In terms of location, all the studies were conducted in countries between 35° and 75° north latitude. The results suggested some evidence of the effects of climate change (alterations in temperature, precipitation, and humidity) on the emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance in different environments (water, soil, cryosphere, and air). Temperature was described as a main effect of climate change that had effects on antibiotic resistance (increasing bacteria growth, altering metabolism, inducing crossprotection, and facilitating horizontal gene transfer between bacteria). Additionally, results also described the association between altered rain patterns and humidity and antimicrobial resistance, through the runoff of antibiotic molecules or the transport of antibiotic resistance mechanisms to other areas. Conclusions: This literature review has underscored the association between climate change and antimicrobial resistance. According to the results shown in the selected studies, the alterations in weather factors resulting from climate change have varying effects on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. However, further research is imperative to decipher the complex interactions between other environmental processes, pollutants, patterns of antibiotic consumption, wastewater, animal migration, and regions below the latitudes covered in this literature review.

Being Smart SAS. Laboratories, a company under study, a company belonging to world class market cosmetics, presents logistical challenges are great, including improving inventory management. The Improved work inventory control finished product Laboratories Smart SAS addresses this problem from the point of view of the theory of constraints, in order to find possible bottlenecks that occur, and so that these must be exploited; Finally, after a year of research and implementation were initial results in significant reductions in losses and increased operating efficiencies of the organization.

En la actualidad es muy importante para una marca o empresa crecer constantemente, por este motivo la marca Duppla ha ido aprovechando los cambios en el mercado, utilizando las herramientas y métodos necesarios y efectivos con el fin de generar mayores ingresos y crecimiento. Estas decisiones se toman no sólo basándose en los cambios de la economía del país sino también en la demanda, aceptación y reconocimiento que una marca o producto alcanza en el tiempo que ha estado en el mercado. El proyecto de expansión requiere de una inversión inicial de $16.8 millones, el VPN asciende a $1.622 millones correspondiente a un horizonte de inversión de 10 años, con una TIR de 429%, lo que nos asegura que el payback de la inversión inicial se obtiene en el mes 9 del proyecto. Por lo anterior, y teniendo en cuenta que a lo largo de estos 4 años, que la marca Duppla lleva en el mercado ha logrado un crecimiento constante, aumento en las ventas, innovación de diseños y materiales, abrir dos sucursales en Montería y realizar envíos a diferentes ciudades del país, hemos identificado una nueva oportunidad de expansión al abrir una sucursal en la ciudad de Sincelejo. La marca se ha posicionado fuertemente en la zona, lo que nos lleva a aprovechar esta oportunidad, la demanda del mercado para iniciar la expansión en el territorio nacional.

The purpose of this report is to investigate the performance, measured in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of a UMTS radio network (UTRAN) under different traffic and mobility scenarios and develop general guidelines for dimensioning the UMTS network optimally. In this work, simulations are performed using Wines tool, which is a dynamic simulator that models all the radio-resource management functionality of the UTRAN. Two main series of experiments have been performed. In the first series, the distribution of the traffic is homogeneous and the main purpose is to find capacity figures when increasing the traffic density of one of the four possible defined services (WWW, FTP, voice and video-call) and also with a given traffic mix involving all services together. Two mobility profiles are used (pedestrian and vehicular). In the second series of experiments, a more realistic scenario, based on detailed geographical characteristics relevant for signal propagation, and traffic densities based on traffic maps (non homogeneous scenario), has been simulated. The purpose was to analyze the possible differences in capacity between the “ideal” model and the more “realistic” model. For the single-service scenario analysis, circuit-switched services (speech and video-call), it can be observed that the capacity is mainly uplink-limited. The corresponding results for the packet-switched services (FTP, WEB) have shown that capacity is mostly downlink-limited, as it was expected due to the more asymmetrical data rates in the downlink compared to the uplink for both services. For the service mix analysis in both scenarios (homogeneous and non homogeneous) it was found that the capacity is mostly downlink-limited (i.e. the downlink power target level is exceeded before the uplink load target level).

En todo el mundo hay cerca de 1,5 miles de millones de personas con sobrepeso, de las que 500 millones son obesas, el sobrepeso afecta a 43 millones de niños en el mundo, de acuerdo con el Banco Mundial en 2030 la cantidad de obesos podria ascender hasta el 30% de la población latinoamericana. Se propone como contribución social la empresa lntelifruit, dedicada a la preparación y comercialización de bebidas inteligentes, consistentes en jugos de frutas y verduras orgánicas y de origen, que satisfagan las necesidades de hidratación y de alimentación; de delicioso sabor, que brinden beneficios funcionales, aportando al mejoramiento de los hábitos alimenticios. El proyecto cuenta con una VPN de 288 millones de pesos, un Payback en el mes 24, una TIR de 110%, indicadores que muestran que la inversión se ve recuperada en el segundo año con márgenes positivos como el Ebitda el cual se vuelve positivo en el mes 9 del año 1 y se mantiene durante el tiempo estimado del proyecto en promedio con un margen del 11%. La inversión requerida es de 40 millones de pesos, para realizar las adecuaciones, arriendo de local, inversiones en activos fijos, entre otros.

Los padres como las escuelas tienen una necesidad de integración entre sí, por un lado los padres deben realizar muchas búsquedas para hallar la mejor alternativa, esa que le permita a su hijo desarrollar las destrezas y habilidades que él espera, el padre desea también tener un constante monitoreo del progreso de su hijo en la escuela o academia pero muchas de ellas no cuentan con los medios tecnológicos para mantener una constante comunicación con el padre, y por el lado de las escuelas aunque le llegan niños para las actividades que ofrecen, muchos de ellos no son constantes o su permanencia no es la esperada para los procesos de continuidad que desea tener las academias con sus alumnos, esto se debe a la falta de selección de sus usuarios, la gran mayoría de estos alumnos llegan sin tener una orientación sobre sus habilidades. Con el ánimo de validar si lo planteado es verdaderamente un dolor para nuestros usuarios (padres) y nuestros clientes (escuelas o academias), se utilizó las herramientas ofrecidas por la metodología Design Thinking, para esto realizamos las siguientes actividades en cada una de las fases de la metodología.

Aplicación móvil (interactiva) para ventas de vino en Bogotá, focalizada en las localidades de Teusaquillo y Barrios Unidos como rango de acción para el servicio de entrega a domicilio de vinos, enfocado principalmente a la generación millennial (hombres y mujeres, solteros, casados o en Unión Libre, estrato 4) quienes buscan facilidad y comodidad y hoy en día son grandes usuarios del internet y sus ventajas. Adicionalmente, mediante la aplicación será posible recibir sugerencias de acuerdo con los gustos (predeterminados) y comunicarse vía chat con un sommelier (horarios fijos) para sugerencias adicionales. Así, como acceder a un portafolio único de marcas especialmente seleccionadas por un enólogo que le brindaran la posibilidad de acceder a vinos poco conocidos, en la que su oferta regularmente no se encuentra en supermercados de grandes superficies; pero, con la garantía de calidad y precio justo que espera el cliente que gusta o quiere conocer de la cultura del vino. Mediante esta aplicación se buscará proveerle al consumidor una experiencia con un excelente servicio, de calidad, novedosa y diferenciadora en la compra de vino sin necesidad de salir de su casa.