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Imagen de apoyo de How could the vernacular architecture and crafts of the Andean region inspire the creation of an interior installation that is designed to convey a personal interpretation of the tensions associated with the current internal conflict in Colombia

Por: María Paula Jurado Echeverri | Fecha: 01/01/2014

The aim of this report is to demonstrate and explore how the vernacular architecture and crafts of the Andean region of Colombia could inspire the creation of an interior installation that is designed to convey a personal interpretation of the tensions associated with the current internal conflict in Colombia and a sincere aspiration for sustainable peace. To approach this hypothesis, the perspectives of experts in those matters were imperative and guided the further research of alternative secondary methods that included books, journals, and official publications.The main structure of the report attempts to address three principal chapters. The first chapter intends to recognise and highlight the importance of Guadua to the vernacular architecture and crafts associated with the Andean region of Colombia. The second chapter focuses on the investigation of the current trends and science behind narrative design and the infinite possibilities of storytelling in exhibitions and set design. Finally, the third chapter explores the current internal conflict between the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and Colombia’s National Government, which in theory is being tried to be resolved from the study of peace agreements and new possibilities for both parts achieving justice and repair.Findings obtained throughout the research and analytical process show that Guadua’s characteristics as a construction material represent a new insight in the scenario of a sustainable world. Furthermore, Colombia’s ongoing conflict, although it depends on many factors, should be acknowledged globally and has the potential to be tackled from a new artistic perspective, where an interior installation encodes a sincere aspiration for sustainable peace.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Arte

Imagen de apoyo de Managing Urban Forest Public Values In A Changing Climate

Por: Camilo Ordoñez Barona | Fecha: 01/01/2014

With more than half of the world’s population concentrated in urban areas, urban services are crucial for people’s lives. Some of these services are provided by urban trees, which are valued positively by most people. However, urban forest management (UFM) today faces a number of challenges, including accounting for the values of the public and climate change. These two are connected, since climate-driven biophysical changes will affect value provision and people’s urban forest values will determine the management direction by which we address the climate challenge.This study aims to understand how to incorporate public values and climate change in UFM by examining how people value the urban forest, how these values are managed, how urban forests are vulnerable to climate change, and how this vulnerability affects value provision. To address these questions, I review the urban forest values literature and reveal opportunities for research. Later I examine the content of 14 Canadian urban forest management plans and reveal that UFM today lacks detail in ecological and social themes. I argue that a management paradigm based on what the citizens consider important about urban forests may help deal with these shortcomings.I present urban forest values research from three Colombian cities (Bogotá, Cali, Pereira) using field tours, personal diaries, and focus groups. I then integrate this research with similar research in Canada to build a values typology that portrays how the public values the urban forest. I then review climate change in UFM and argue that climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are crucial for embracing climate adaptation in UFM. I present CCVA research in three Canadian urban forests (Halifax, London, Saskatoon) using an exploratory and expert-based method.I demonstrate that the survival of young trees and mal-adapted tree species are important sensitivity factors in urban forests. By mapping how urban forest vulnerability to climate change will affect value provision I argue that climate change is both a threat and an opportunity to bring specificity to ecological and social themes in UFM and to veer towards a UFM style that: plants more trees close to infrastructure and people; ensures tree survival by experimenting with different planting techniques and more-natural arrangements; embraces adaptive management and public engagement; and facilitates ecosystem transition without reducing values satisfaction.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de An empirical study of the behavior of drug prices unfunded by RDL 16/2012 in Spain = Estudio empírico del comportamiento de los precios de los medicamentos desfinanciados por el RDL 16/2012 en España

Por: Carlos Andrés; Martín Tercero Betancur Gálvez | Fecha: 01/01/2014

El presente trabajo de fin de máster tiene por objetivo ofrecer un análisis del impacto en los precios de los medicamentos a partir del cambio en la financiación de los medicamentos en España derivados de la introducción del RDL 16/2012, también conocido como el ‘medicamentazo’. Además se ofrecerá una perspectiva de los retos futuros y cambios en el entorno de competencia para la industria farmacéutica, así como las diferentes estrategias adoptadas por los laboratorios en el acceso al mercado.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Applications of Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing for Information Extraction on German Language Documents

Por: Miguel Fernando Cabrera Granados | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Abstract:The success of machine learning algorithms depends on the representation of the data used. Specific domain knowledge can be used to design good representations. However, these representations are limited to a specific problem or task, and to the amount of available labeled data. Another approach is to automatically learn generic priors that can be used in different tasks and context.In the field of natural language processing, recent work has been done in obtaining such priors by learning useful vector representation of words from unlabeled data. The representations can then be used to improve existing natural language processing systems.These word vectors are obtained using special neural network architectures trained on billions of tokens. However, most of these models are learned and evaluated on English language corpora. In this work, Word2vec, a recent neural network based toolkit for learning word representations is used on German language data. The goal is to evaluate the learned representations of words in different language processing and information retrieval tasks. In particular, a semantic-syntactic evaluation set is constructed for the German language. In addition to that, the learned word vector representations are used as features for a classifier of German language business documents. The learned features outperformed existing handcrafted features and performed similar to other state-of-the-art approaches.Resumen:El éxito de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático depende de la representación de los datos utilizados. conocimiento de dominio específico se puede utilizar para diseñar buenas representaciones. SIN EMBARGO, representaciones de síntesis se limitan a un problema o tarea específica, y que la cantidad de datos disponibles etiquetados.Otro enfoque es aprender automáticamente priores genéricos hizo kann utilizado en diferentes tareas y el contexto. En el campo del procesamiento del lenguaje natural, los trabajos recientes se ha hecho en la obtención de distribuciones previas examinados por el aprendizaje de la representación vector útil de las palabras de datos no etiquetados.Las representaciones a continuación, se pueden utilizar para mejorar el sistema de procesamiento de lenguaje natural existente. Estos vectores de palabras se obtienen utilizando arquitecturas de redes neuronales especiales entrenados en miles de millones de fichas. Sin embargo la mayoría de los modelos de síntesis se aprenden y se evalúa el corpus idioma Inglés.En este trabajo, Word2vec, un conjunto de herramientas basadas red neuronal reciente para el aprendizaje de representación de palabra se utiliza en los datos de idioma alemán. El objetivo es evaluar las representaciones aprendido de palabras en diferentes tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje y la recuperación de información.En particular, una evaluación semántico-sintáctica conjunto se construye para el idioma alemán. Además de eso, las representaciones vectoriales de palabras aprendidas se utilizan como características para un clasificador de documentos comerciales idioma alemán. Las características aprendidas superaron características artesanales existentes y funcionando de modo similar a otros enfoques del estado de la técnica.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Ingeniería

Imagen de apoyo de Performance, instrumentation and numerical simulation of one museum park west excavation = Desempeño, instrumentación y modelación numérica de la excavación del edificio “One museum park west”

Por: Luis Guillermo Arboleda Monsalve | Fecha: 01/01/2014

The excavation for the 53-story reinforced concrete One Museum Park West building (OMPW) in Chicago was constructed using combined support systems. The building was supported by caissons and a perimeter wall formed by secant piles which transitioned to tangent piles below the bottom of the cut. After installing the perimeter wall and deep foundations for the building, the excavation for the reinforced concrete central core was supported by a circular cofferdam made of sheet piles and steel ring beams. This excavation was made using conventional bottom-up excavation techniques. The excavation for the rest of the building was made using a top-down method and was laterally braced with reinforced concrete floor slabs structurally connected to the secant pile walls and the reinforced concrete core. Field performance data during construction of the OMPW basements were collected with settlement points, inclinometers and strain gages installed in the concrete basement slabs.Significant settlements were observed adjacent to the excavation during wall and deep foundation installation, central core construction and top-down excavation. The influence of concrete material time-dependence of the floor slabs on the performance during top-down excavation is evaluated and a method for the separation of temperature-related strains from the excavation-induced strains in the concrete is described. The construction of the basements is simulated with a 3D numerical structural model to study the influence of the concrete material time-dependence of the floor slabs in the excavation-induced movements resulting from top-down construction. Computed strains in the floor slabs are compared with the observed performance data collected from the strain gages.For use in numerical simulation of the entire excavation process, hypoplasticity constitutive parameters for clays (HC model) at the element test level were calibrated with tests conducted on high quality block samples obtained from the excavation of Block 37 project in Chicago. They included oedometer tests, bender element measurements, and triaxial tests following different stress probes, and were further refined with seismic cone penetration results. The entire OMPW excavation is simulated with the calibrated parameters with a fully coupled-flow deformation, three-dimensional finite element model. Influence of the construction of secant pile walls, concrete material time-dependence, and nonlinear concrete behavior of the perimeter pile walls on the performance of the OMPW excavation is determined. Conclusions about top-down construction are drawn in light of the measured and simulated performance of the OMPW excavation.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Ingeniería

Imagen de apoyo de Dynamic Facades and computation: Towards a control based categorization of high-performance kinetic systems

Por: Rodrigo Velasco Gómez | Fecha: 01/01/2014

This document briefly describes the state of the art regarding computationally controlled environmentally efficient dynamic facades, and presents a proposal for a new classification according to their operation.The proposed structure is argued as more inclusive than existing ones, notably taking into account “control” as an important factor. The classification is illustrated using representative recent applications.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Arte

Imagen de apoyo de La Experiencia De La Diada Paciente – Cuidador Familiar En Cuidados Paliativos Durante El Proceso De Transición Entre El Hospital Y El Hogar

Por: Edier Mauricio Arias Rojas | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Resumen:Antecedentes y objetivo: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura que evidencia problemas y necesidades en la diada paciente – cuidador familiar en cuidados paliativos durante el proceso de transición entre el hospital y el hogar. Estas necesidades tienen relación con: los conocimientos relacionados con la enfermedad, los sentimientos del cuidador y del paciente al alta, la comunicación efectiva, la educación para el cuidado a domicilio, el apoyo a la diada en el domicilio y la sobrecarga del cuidado - soporte social para el cuidador. La escasa evidencia sobre las experiencias en el proceso de transición hospital-hogar, así como de estudios en el ámbito latinoamericano, llevan a plantear una propuesta de investigación con el objetivo de describir la experiencia de la diada paciente – cuidador familiar en cuidado paliativo durante el proceso de transición entre el hospital y el hogar, en el contexto colombiano.Materiales y métodos: Esta propuesta se llevará a cabo utilizando metodología cualitativa con abordaje de teoría fundamentada. Los informantes del estudio serán pacientes y cuidadores familiares en cuidados paliativos en una institución sanitaria de Bogotá-Colombia. Para la recogida de datos, se utilizará la técnica de la entrevista familiar semiestructurada, que se realizará a las diadas en el hospital y posteriormente en el domicilio. El análisis de los datos se hará a través del método comparativo constante.Implicaciones prácticas: Conocer las experiencias de la diada al alta hospitalaria, saber los retos a los que se enfrentan en el domicilio y las necesidades que tienen durante este proceso, ayudaría a mejorar la atención a estas familias que requieren de cuidados paliativos. Abstract :BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We carried out a review of the literature that evidences problems and needs in the patient - caregiver family in palliative care during the transition process between the hospital and the home. These needs are related to: knowledge related to illness, feelings of caregiver and patient on discharge, effective communication, education for home care, home support and care overload - support For the caregiver. The lack of evidence on experiences in the transition process from home to hospital, as well as from studies in the Latin American context, lead to a research proposal with the objective of describing the experience of the patient-caregiver family in palliative care during the Process of transition between the hospital and the home, in the Colombian context.Materials and methods: This proposal will be carried out using qualitative methodology with a grounded theory approach. The informants of the study will be patients and family caregivers in palliative care at a health institution in Bogota-Colombia. For the collection of data, the semi-structured family interview technique will be used, which will be done at the dyads in the hospital and later at the home. The analysis of the data will be done through the constant comparative method.Practical implications: Knowing the experiences of the hospital discharge, knowing the challenges they face at home and the needs they have during this process, would help to improve care for these families that require palliative care.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros
Medicina

Imagen de apoyo de Changing colours and odours: Exploring cues used by insect pollinators in two brassicaceous plants / Cambiando colores y olores: Explorando las señales usadas por insectos polinizadores en dos plantas de la familia Brassicae

Por: Katherine Yvette Barragán Fonseca | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Flowering plants use different traits to attract pollinators, which indicate flower location and reward quality. Visual and olfactory cues are among the most important floral traits exploited by pollinating insects. Pollination can alter physical and chemical cues of flowers, which can subsequently influence the behaviour of flower visitors. We investigated the main cues exploited by the syrphid fly Episyrphus balteatus and the butterfly Pieris brassicae when visiting flowers of Brassica nigra and Raphanus sativus plants. We studied post-pollination changes and their effects on the behaviour of flower visitors and flower volatile emission. Preference of pollinators was investigated by offering visual and olfactory cues simultaneously as well as separately in two-choice bioassays. We also assessed whether pollen is used as a cue by pollinating insects. In addition, we studied whether behavioural responses could be correlated with changes in plant volatile emission, by collecting volatiles from flower headspace. P. brassicae and E. balteatus did not use pollen as a cue in either of the two plant species studied. Interestingly, pollinators showed a strong bias for visual cues over olfactory cues when exposed to B. nigra plants. Flower visits by pollinators were influenced by postpollination changes in B. nigra. In contrast, plant responses to pollination did not influence pollinator preference for R. sativus flowers. These results correlate well with floral volatile emission of B. nigra and R. sativus; pollination influenced the volatile profile of B. nigra flowers but not that of R. sativus. Collectively, our data show that different pollinators exploit different visual and olfactory traits when searching for nectar or pollen of flowers of two close related plant species. Although, the syrphid fly consumes mostly pollen from brassicaceous flowers, it cannot detect pollen from a distance and likely associates other flower traits with quantity and quality of pollen. This studies are very important to understand the pollination mechanisms, thus to design strategies for the conservation of this essential ecosystem service. Las plantas con flores utilizan diferentes rasgos para atraer a los polinizadores, que indican la ubicación de las flores y la calidad de la recompensa. Las señales visuales y olfativas se encuentran entre los rasgos florales más importantes utilizados por los insectos polinizadores. La polinización puede alterar las señales físicas y químicas de las flores, lo que posteriormente puede influir en el comportamiento de los visitantes florales. En este estudio se investigaron las principales señales usadas por el sirfido Episyrphus balteatus y la mariposa Pieris brassicae cuando visitan las flores de las plantas Brassica nigra y Raphanus sativus. Estudiamos los cambios posteriores a la polinización y sus efectos sobre el comportamiento de los visitantes florales y las emisiones de volátiles de las flores. La preferencia de los polinizadores se investigó ofreciendo señales visuales y olfativas simultáneamente y por separado en bioensayos de dos opciones. También evaluamos si el polen es usado como una señal por los insectos polinizadores. Adicionalmente, estudiamos si las respuestas de comportamiento podrían correlacionarse con los cambios en la emisión volátil de la planta, mediante la recopilación de compuestos volátiles del espacio de cabeza de la flor. P. brassicae y E. balteatus no utilizaron el polen como una señal en ninguna de las dos especies de plantas estudiadas. Curiosamente, los polinizadores mostraron un fuerte sesgo para las señales visuales sobre las señales olfativas cuando se exponen a las plantas de B. nigra. Las visitas de flores de los polinizadores fueron influenciadas por los cambios postpolinización en B. nigra. En contraste, las respuestas de las plantas a la polinización no influyeron en la preferencia de los polinizadores por las flores de R. sativus. Estos resultados se correlacionan bien con la emisión floral volátil de B. nigra y R. sativus; la polinización influyó en el perfil volátil de las flores de B. nigra, pero no en el de R. sativus. Colectivamente, nuestros datos muestran que diferentes polinizadores explotan diferentes rasgos visuales y olfativos cuando buscan néctar o polen de flores de dos especies de plantas relacionadas. Aunque el sirfido consume principalmente polen de las flores, no puede detectar el polen a distancia y probablemente asocia otras características de las flores con la cantidad y calidad del polen. Este tipo de estudios es esencial para entender los mecanismos de la polinización y así diseñar estrategias para la conservación de este indispensable servicio ecosistémico.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de By giving our back to the River we cannot find our city’s future: planning for the future or the future demanding for planning? A case study of decision making around Parque del Río Medellín

Por: Juan Rafael Peláez Arango | Fecha: 01/01/2014

The shift from government to governance has committed its goal to realize a more inclusive and plural way to govern contemporary societies. It has allowed the different actors to interrelate themselves in decision-making processes around strategic metropolitan projects. Citizen participation is also increasingly playing a role in the planning domain, as the traditional role of government as the main decision-maker, becomes challenged or accompanied by new and emerging participatory structures. The recent literature on governance in the Latin American metropolitan context is just developing, as the term first appeared in the region in the 1990s. Although the region is advancing into the consolidation of governance structures, the metropolitan institutional framework is still deficient in the region for its short-lived background in democracy. By delving the context of the Aburrá Valley in Colombia, the present thesis is based on a single case study investigation which uses two frameworks: governance and citizen participation.The thesis aims to answer the question: How have the different actors been interrelated in the decision-making process of Parque del Río Medellín and what were the policy outcomes? Parque del Río Medellín is a project that not only aims to enhance the deficit of public space in the city and improve mobility and quality of life conditions for its inhabit-ants, but also to challenge the current land use model which has saturated to an almost un-sustainable point the slopes of the valley. The results of the investigation achieved through elite semi-structured interviews, show that public sector actors deploy enormous amounts of resources and decision-making capacity, while civil society actors mildly influence the decision-making process. On the other hand, the role of citizen participation around the project resembles classic ‘tokenism’ or symbolic participation achieved through ‘imaginary workshops’, ‘socializations’ or round tables. Finally, the investigation reveals the role of the municipal mayor and his ‘political’ will is crucial to understand the present and future a project, that while is strategic, paradoxically receives scarce attention on behalf of the citi-zens or other civil society actors.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de The geography of foreign real estate investments = La geografía de inversiones extranjeras en el sector inmobiliario

Por: Ana María Serna Trujillo | Fecha: 01/01/2014

Real Estate Industry is a strategic element in urban competitiveness, economic growth and development, as it facilitates the articulation between economic activities, local assets and flows of capital. Furthermore, even tough the perception is that it is a local business, with the globalization many of the largest developers and consumers of corporate real estate have become global (Bardhan & Kroll 2007). The foregoing has made the industry acquire a cross-border dynamic and makes the attraction of foreign investment into real estate development a key approach for improving the position of countries and cities in the global economic network.This work aims to explore the geographical structure and trends of the international Real Estate cluster, and then recognize the correlation of the Foreign Real Estate Investments –FREI– inward flows with competitiveness and real estate market factors of host countries and cities. The analysis shows that despite the globalization influence, FREI holds the concept of real estate as “local” business in a broader scale: 62% of the links happen within countries of the same region, evidencing that there are opportunities of complement with the surrounding economies.Likewise, the research demonstrates that the cluster involves primarily economies in second and third stage of development, exposing that the market is still reliant on low-risk assets in a stable environment and that there has not been established an active industry in developing countries. Additionally, the instability experienced over the last seven years in the sector is evidenced. The 2007 international financial crisis had a deep impact on Foreign Real Estate Investments, corroborating the interdependence between financial market and real estate. This study demonstrates that location factors related to market size, labor market, financial market and connectivity are essential for attracting inward investments. The results of the model show that a variety of forces rule FREI, evidencing the need of having a comprehensive approach that surpasses the notion of real estate as property and involves other clusters. To conclude, the country and city analyses showed the diverse drivers for MNC at different territorial scales. Without neglecting the usual national purview of the policy framework for attracting FDI, it is important to acknowledge the relevance of local and urban scale in the broader picture of globalization. Beyond the macroeconomic and institutional determinants, the position of the urban nodes in the global networks matters for captivating FREI.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Tipo de contenido: Tesis

Temas:
Otros