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Imagen de apoyo de  Considerations on perception and reality: understanding the discrepancy between subjective feelings of (in) security and objective crime rates in Bogotá, Colombia. A social capital perspective

Considerations on perception and reality: understanding the discrepancy between subjective feelings of (in) security and objective crime rates in Bogotá, Colombia. A social capital perspective

Por: Juan Sebastián Barreto Barreto | Fecha: 2015

This thesis analyzes the possible influence of social capital on the levels of fear of crime perceived by residents of Bogotá. The thesis focuses on the potential role of social networks and the individual perception of collective efficacy of neighborhoods in the metropolitan area of the Colombian capital. According to current theoretical developments, people who belong to social networks and actively participate in them expect reciprocity from their peers in case of a criminal event. Thus, they will benefit from an inhibiting effect on their individual levels of fear of crime. Following the statistics, the security situation in the city of Bogotá has improved during the last years. For example, the homicide rates have ostensibly dropped in the last 20 years and other crimes, such as robberies and burglaries, have stabilized within normal occurrence rates compared to the historical average. Nevertheless, citizens of Bogotá feel more insecure and perceive higher risks of being a victim of crime than 10 years ago. This seemingly paradoxical situation suggests a gap between the subjective feelings of citizens and objective criminal rates registered by different authorities. As most of the theoretical and empirical research has focused on the study of facilitators of fear of crime, using quantitative methodologies, this thesis will focus on the study of inhibitors of fear. To understand levels of fear of crime in neighborhoods of Bogotá it adopts a qualitative methodology. In addition, it inquires for the most relevant factors that produce fear of crime and suggests policy recommendations to make people feel safer in the city. The results show that the role of social networks in inhibiting individual levels of fear of crime depends on the quantity and quality of pooled resources that a community has. Neighborhoods with more social, economic and institutional resources provide environments and milieus where people feel safer. This perception of collective efficacy to advance communal goals plays a pivotal role in the inhibition of fear of crime and is stronger in more cohesive and organized neighborhoods. Finally, high levels of fear of crime lead to less participation in neighborhoods where illegal armed groups exert de facto control of the territory, hampering the already low levels of social capital in these communities.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencias sociales

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Considerations on perception and reality: understanding the discrepancy between subjective feelings of (in) security and objective crime rates in Bogotá, Colombia. A social capital perspective

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Imagen de apoyo de  Sustainable Transportation in Al-Buraimi (Sultanate of Oman), Analysis and concepts for the city of Al-Buraimi = Transporte Sostenible en Al Buraimi (Sultanato de Omán), Análisis y conceptos para la ciudad de Al Buraimi

Sustainable Transportation in Al-Buraimi (Sultanate of Oman), Analysis and concepts for the city of Al-Buraimi = Transporte Sostenible en Al Buraimi (Sultanato de Omán), Análisis y conceptos para la ciudad de Al Buraimi

Por: Pedro Becerra Rodríguez | Fecha: 2015

The city of Al Buraimi, located in the northwest of the Sultanate of Oman, has experienced rapid urban growth characterized by patchy and unsustainable development over the last years. As a result of this process, the city is facing challenges in different dimensions of the urban structure. One of these problems is transportation, which is automobile dependent and road based. Additionally, Al Buraimi presents segregated land use patterns, low densities, reduced travel choices, considerable occupation of land for car facilities and high accidents rates, amongst other issues. Thus the increasing transportation needs may lead to social, environmental and economic problems. Additionally, the transportation planning process is characterized by a lack of coordination among institutions and shortage of vision. Car dependency can be attributed to different factors; firstly, the national transportation policy and legal framework are focused on roads development. Secondly, prices of cars and oil are relatively affordable in the Sultanate, and there is a car culture based on foreign automobile models. Furthermore, the current strong top down approach does not facilitate the instruments necessary to implement a sustainable mode of transportation. A more balanced transportation system, achieved via a more holistically coordinated and inclusive planning approach would provide many benefits to the city. This thesis has the aim of analyzing the current transportation system in Al Buraimi. Afterwards, this study intends to provide proposals which are based on criteria and concepts to adapt toward a more balanced/sustainable transportation system in Al Buraimi.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Desarrollo urbano
  • Otros

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Sustainable Transportation in Al-Buraimi (Sultanate of Oman), Analysis and concepts for the city of Al-Buraimi = Transporte Sostenible en Al Buraimi (Sultanato de Omán), Análisis y conceptos para la ciudad de Al Buraimi

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Imagen de apoyo de  SEBEL value stream mapping analysis = SEBEL análisis del mapa de la cadena de valor

SEBEL value stream mapping analysis = SEBEL análisis del mapa de la cadena de valor

Por: Juan Pablo Gutiérrez Camacho | Fecha: 2013

A feasibility study of one of the most complex and representative core products of Sebel Furniture (a well known furniture manufacturing company, based in Sydney, Australia) by comparing its current operations in a centralized model, to a future state in a de-centralized logistics model. The method for doing this was Value Stream Mapping, a Lean manufacturing methodology to identify non-value-added activities along the processes, and reduce Lead Time (LT) and costs by removing those wastes. It is important to mention that, although most of the information in this report corresponded to real data, some assumptions were made, given constraints such as time and the fact that, by the time this report was written, the company was yet working on some of the projections for the future business model. Through the development of the project, Value Stream Maps (VSM) for the family product Postura Plus Shell range were documented on its centralized and de- centralized logistics, main wastes and non-value-added activities were identified, as well as considerations for improvement were raised. This report also shows a basic simulation model of how the VSM would looks like in an improved state, and how each scenario differs from the others. Results showed risks of the future decentralized logistic model of the company regarding complexity of operations planning and inventory management, as well as it describes how successful could it be in terms of a shorter lead time, if an action plan were implemented.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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SEBEL value stream mapping analysis = SEBEL análisis del mapa de la cadena de valor

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Imagen de apoyo de  Determining a GHG emission cap for Colombia under a continuation of the Kyoto protocol = Determinación de un nivel máximo de emisiones de GEI para Colombia bajo una continuación del protocolo de Kioto

Determining a GHG emission cap for Colombia under a continuation of the Kyoto protocol = Determinación de un nivel máximo de emisiones de GEI para Colombia bajo una continuación del protocolo de Kioto

Por: Juan Pablo Romero Rodríguez | Fecha: 2008

This dissertation project assesses the possibility of Colombia becoming an annex I country before 2020. This assessment assumes that the country will eventually have to define the year during which it will be required to start reducing its GHG emissions and by what amount. This project aims to answer the following questions; in which year Colombia should assume a GHG reductions cap? And how much GHG emissions should Colombia reduce? These two questions were answered by first projecting the growth of future emissions of the country based on economic parameters, population growth and energy consumption and secondly by calculating the cost of undertaking the GHG reductions to meet the target. Three separate analyses were performed in order to answer those questions; first a comparative analysis of the country’s conditions when the protocol was signed, second the concept of the Environmental Kunznets Curve was used and confronted with the available Colombian data and third it was necessary to project when Colombia will be responsible for percent of the world’s emission. The results showed that at least until the year 2020 Colombia will not be responsible for a share bigger than one percent of the world emissions; neither will it reach the peak of the EKC and lastly Colombia will not become a higher middle income country anytime before the year 2020. The main conclusion obtained in this dissertation is that Colombia should not undertake any GHG reduction targets under the continuation of the Kyoto protocol before the year 2020.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencias sociales

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Determining a GHG emission cap for Colombia under a continuation of the Kyoto protocol = Determinación de un nivel máximo de emisiones de GEI para Colombia bajo una continuación del protocolo de Kioto

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Imagen de apoyo de  Regulación Domestica en el ACGS: Algunos aspectos a futuro = Domestic Regulation in GATS: Some aspects from a prospective view

Regulación Domestica en el ACGS: Algunos aspectos a futuro = Domestic Regulation in GATS: Some aspects from a prospective view

Por: Suzy Sierra Ruiz | Fecha: 2004

This paper is concerned with four aspects in the implementation of Article VI on domestic regulation in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). First, the need to reach a better understanding of the scope of the GATS existing disciplines, particularly, the national treatment and the transparency rule. Secondly, the feasibility of the necessity test to reach the Article VI objectives. Third, the assessment of the international standard’s role in the facilitation of the trade. Fourth, the desirability to evaluate the sectoral testing exercises to determine whether the principles and disciplines developed are relevant and adaptable to other sectors. For GATS domestic regulation development, the mentioned factors are crucial accompaniment to future liberalization of services trade and to fulfil Article VI mandate. Whether this progress can be achieved within a time frame consistent with the duration of the current negotiations remains to be seen.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ciencias sociales

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Regulación Domestica en el ACGS: Algunos aspectos a futuro = Domestic Regulation in GATS: Some aspects from a prospective view

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Imagen de apoyo de  Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

Por: Raúl Eduardo Gutiérrez Gómez | Fecha: 2009

The results of this report indicate how niche product developments for Space Based Solar Power (SBSP) can be easily achieved using present day technology, which markets need to be addressed, which niche configurations to pursue, and which organizations have the needed competencies to proceed. Classical SBSP concepts generally call for large rigid systems to be placed in orbit to collect and transmit several GW of energy down to Earth’s commercial electricity grid, and are still faced with many problems including system complexity, development, and costs. Smaller more specific niche applications of these concepts focus on different markets with lower complexity and barriers to entry while developing technologies and infrastructure needed for the classical SBSP. Technical research was performed in order to identify potential system configurations as well as crucial competencies and technologies needed by the SBSP effort. A pair of unique technical configurations was proposed in an attempt to mitigate standard SBSP challenges such as construction, rigidity, and launch costs. A strategic evaluation tool was created to evaluate all potential system configurations in terms of risk and complexity; ideal configurations were chosen based on anticipated markets and the results from the strategic analysis. Market research was performed in order to understand and valuate the utility of different niche configurations; these included the scientific, remote, green, space to space, and military markets. Very high value segments were observed in each of these market areas with a range of $0.37 to $1.88 USD per kwh for Terrestrial applications, and a range of $380.00 to $1200.00 per kwh for space applications. Exploration of the European Carbon Trading Exchange as a source of revenue is explored due to CO2 offsets. A unique satellite product is proposed and valuated which receives energy directly from an external on orbit source. The value of restoring functionality to damaged satellites is estimated in the millions of dollars.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería

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Niche appliaction development for space based solar power = Desarrollo de aplicaciones de nicho para energía solar desde el espacio

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Imagen de apoyo de  Tratamiento de las heridas por armas de fuego

Tratamiento de las heridas por armas de fuego

Por: Leonardo De la Motta | Fecha: 1891

Tesis presentada por Leonardo de la Motta para obtener el título de doctor en Medicina y Cirugía de la Facultad de Medicina en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en 1891, en la que discute acerca de los procedimientos utilizados para curar heridas por armas de fuego. A lo largo del documento se explican los procedimientos a seguir en dos tipos de tratamiento: el general que exige reposo, y el tratamiento local que se aplica en casos de hemorragia, desbridamiento, extracción de cuerpos extraños y amputación. Adicionalmente, el autor presenta una serie de consideraciones a tener en cuenta según el sitio de la herida, estas últimas documentadas con registros de pacientes que acudieron a la clínica del Hospital San Juan de Dios y casos de hombres heridos en campos de batalla.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Medicina

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Tratamiento de las heridas por armas de fuego

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Imagen de apoyo de  Experimental investigation of fatigue behavior of bitumen = Investigación experimental del comportamiento de fatiga en el betún

Experimental investigation of fatigue behavior of bitumen = Investigación experimental del comportamiento de fatiga en el betún

Por: Luis Carlos Del Castillo Coronel | Fecha: 2017

Fatigue distress may be defined as cumulative damage on asphalt due to repetitive loading and it is observed when a huge number of micro-crack is propagated up to create a macro-crack. The fatigue behaviour can be analysed by different approaches and using distinct laboratory devices. This research was intended to investigate the fatigue behaviour of a polymer modified bitumen (PmB 25-55/55A) and an unmodified bitumen (PEN 50/70), as well as mortars and mastics derived from these binders by adding sand and filler in the same proportion. Since various points were needed to plot the final fatigue curves of each material, a total of 42 fatigue tests were performed by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The fatigue tests were performed by testing 20mm height and 6mm effective diameter cylindrical specimens. The test temperature was 20°C and a 10Hz frequency was chosen along this research. The tests were done under controlled-stress mode, which means that the input shear stress was constant. The initial shear stress used for each material was estimated by executing a previous stress sweep test. Three different initial shear stresses were employed at every bituminous material. By using the DSR, the rheological properties such as complex shear modulus and phase angle were found. The results were processed to estimate the fatigue life of different materials and establish further comparisons. Fatigue life of all materials was calculated by applying the classical method based on the 50% of initial stiffness and the dissipated energy approach. The number of load cycles needed to cause fatigue damage on specimen was defined as the fatigue life under both approaches. Additionaly, the concept of ratio of dissipated energy change (RDEC) was employed to calculate the number of load cycle to fatigue cracking. The results were higher than the dissipated energy ratio, which demonstrated a time lag between the fatigue resistance and the exact moment of cracking. RDEC number of cycles was found as a threshold in the fatigue life of specimen.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Experimental investigation of fatigue behavior of bitumen = Investigación experimental del comportamiento de fatiga en el betún

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Imagen de apoyo de  La aplicación de los principios del trabajo decente como herramienta de reincorporación económica y social de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP

La aplicación de los principios del trabajo decente como herramienta de reincorporación económica y social de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP

Por: Tatiana Bonilla Matiz | Fecha: 2019

En un mundo donde los acuerdos de paz son cada vez más comunes para tratar de solucionar conflictos de diferente índole, los problemas prácticos que trae consigo la reincorporación de excombatientes en las sociedades que deciden por esta alternativa cobran gran importancia. Es por esto que el presente trabajo analiza la planeación y la implementación de los programas de reincorporación social y económica de excombatientes de las FARC - EP ejecutadas por Colombia a partir de la firma del "Acuerdo Final para la terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y duradera" hasta marzo del 2019, para establecer un panorama general del éxito de las medidas mencionadas y de esta forma plantear las directrices que deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en la implementación y ejecución de dichos programas a futuro, basadas en los parámetros que se han dado en el marco de las Organizaciones Internacionales que desarrollan el concepto de Trabajo Decente como elemento de construcción de paz.
Fuente: Universidad Externado de Colombia Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Otros
  • Conflicto armado

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La aplicación de los principios del trabajo decente como herramienta de reincorporación económica y social de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP

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Imagen de apoyo de  Estudio de viabilidad financiera de la implementación del sistema de gestión de calidad al macroproceso de acueducto, en Sabanalarga Empresa de Servicios Públicos E.S.P. S.A.

Estudio de viabilidad financiera de la implementación del sistema de gestión de calidad al macroproceso de acueducto, en Sabanalarga Empresa de Servicios Públicos E.S.P. S.A.

Por: Amanda Dueñas Cubides | Fecha: 2018

El trabajo describe la necesidad de la implementación del sistema de gestión de calidad, y se establece como por medio de la ejecución del sistema de gestión de calidad la empresa puede lograr mejores rendimientos, minimizar externalidades y entregar servicios con calidad y continuidad. Se inicia con la revisión literaria de fuentes primarias, secundarias y otras fuentes, de investigaciones realizadas con el fin de detectar, obtener y consultar la trayectoria de los sistemas de gestión de calidad, que pueden ser útiles a los propósitos del trabajo de investigación, así como extraer y recopilar la información relevante y necesaria que atañe a nuestro problema de investigación. El trabajo de investigación continua con una revisión de los antecedentes normativos de los sistemas de gestión de calidad del sector público, las generalidades del servicio público de acueducto; y luego se describe la situación técnica y financiera que presenta la SEMSEP ES.P. SA contextualizando la situación objeto de investigación. Se continua con la propuesta para la implementación del sistema de gestión de la calidad del macro proceso de acueducto, que inicia con un diagnóstico del macro proceso de acueducto, la evaluación financiera de la propuesta, y la planeación para la implementación de la propuesta
Fuente: Universidad Externado de Colombia Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Ingeniería
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Estudio de viabilidad financiera de la implementación del sistema de gestión de calidad al macroproceso de acueducto, en Sabanalarga Empresa de Servicios Públicos E.S.P. S.A.

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