This work is based on the interest of providing recommendations so that the math teacher can use metacognition in students. A first.step was to inquire about the term of metacognition and its importance in education, then about the components of metacognition and its development in students. Difficulties are mentioned that can occur in the leaming of mathematics. A survey is applied that evaluates metacognition in terms of knowledge, metacognitive experiences and cognitive self­ regulation under six factors to fifth grade students and based on these results descriptions of findings are made to conclude with possible recomrnendations to be applied in a classroom.

The present work is the result of an investigation that sought to strengthen the development of numerical thinking in students in extraneous condition linked to the "Back to School Program" framed in the flexible educational model "Acceleration of Leaming" developed in the Paulo VI district school located in the city of Bogotá. The research was carried out with the Research-Action (Al) methodology in which the results obtained from 17 students were described to whom eight instruments were applied during ten class sessions in which the use of the abacus was used as a strategy didactic to favor better academic and cognitive results against different aspects that involve numerical thinking. The analysis of the results was made from two categories, which are numerical thinking and cognitive strategies, in order to show significant changes in the attitude towards learning mathematics, in particular aspects such as the numerical sense, the understanding of numbers and numbering, understanding of the concept of operations, calculations with numbers and applications of numbers and operations, Piagetian reversibility, representation system and concrete, pictorial and symbolic representation.

Imaginar el pasado a través de la arquitectura, es una propuesta didáctica que busca revitalizar el sentido de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia a través del uso de la imagen de las edificaciones, motivando al estudiante a identificar las características estilísticas y de los materiales que posee la construcción, para ubicarlo dentro de un contexto cronológico y anecdótico, procurando ambientar el quehacer histórico y en particular, de una época estudiada con el referente objeto de estudio. A partir de esta propuesta, y durante la etapa de aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación, se percibió cómo los estudiantes asimilaban y asociaban las edificaciones, los espacios urbanos y los estilos arquitectónicos, con la Historia de Colombia.

This study showed how worksheets based on vocabulary learning strategies contributed to the development of fourth grade students’ writing. This study was conducted in a public, rural school with fifteen students in Cajicá, Colombia. The data gathering instruments were field notes, students’ artifacts and tests. The study followed the qualitative approach and was developed under the action research methodology. The findings indicated that the design of worksheets based on vocabulary strategies made students feel motivated not only to learn new words, but also to understand the strategies that allowed them to start the process of writing. Moreover, the writing strategies were a successful approach for students because they learned how to write simple sentences. Also, using the models provided they could write simple paragraphs. Finally, all of these activities allowed students to improve their performance. This study helped learners feel motivated to learn faster and encouraged them to understand the importance of the use of vocabulary, to learn new strategies and to value meaningful writing feedback.

El presente documento de tesis es una investigación de tipo documental cuyo objetivo fue categorizar los hallazgos y las perspectivas de investigación en el campo de las habilidades necesarias y los contextos facilitadores para el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en niños en etapa pre-escolar. Se plantea la importancia del tema en el campo pedagógico, debido a que la consolidación de la lectoescritura subyace a otros procesos de aprendizaje escolar. Se describen algunas perspectivas teóricas que han abordado e! tema desde diferentes nociones sobre el desarrollo infantil. Los resultados de la revisión se presentan y discuten en diferentes categorías de análisis, para luego proponer una reflexión integradora y critica de los mismos.

This research is focused in the teaching of cognitive and metacognitive Reading strategies, in order to contribute in de development of reading comprehension. The intervention took place in the Cambridge International School located in the municipality of La Calera, with Seventh Grade students. The principal difficulties presented in this specific researched group, were the low reading comprehension and appropriation of new reading strategies, those were evident in the low scores of the different standardized texts applied by the Institution. For this reason, Isabel Sole, Juana Pinzas, Cassany, Santiago, Castillo y Mateus among other authors were referred. As a possible solution, it is necessary to implement a transversal curriculum, taking into account the scholar level, so it will permit the tuition of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in the different disciplinary areas and so them would be totally diploid. In conclusion, the implementation of cognitive and metacognitive strategies suit the reading comprehension processes, because it permits the student to be conscious about his reading process, but it must be modeled by teachers and be taught through the academic life of a student.

The investigations of the parameter's analysis are used for the design, construction and qualification of standardized evaluations show that this allows to establish the quality and compliance of the objectives of the evaluation programs based on the quantification of the parameters and a subsequent analysis of the results, in the same way, in analysis of evaluative programs, leads to these improve their processes and in this way fulfill their function and educational objectives. For this reason, it is convenient to ask how the mixed analysis of items of the Martes de Prueba evaluation program can contribute to the improvement of its design and construction processes? To answer this question, a mixed analysis was carried out on the items of the Martes de Prueba® evaluation program regarding the parameters of difficulty and discrimination.

A technological and environmental alternative has been studied for about a decade to reduce the consumption of coal. It consists of substitute one part of the coal by biomass (neutral generated of CO2) in a co-_ring process. The co-_ring process consists of the controlled combustion of two or more fuels in the same burner. According to research performed in the US and Europe this process has economic and technical viability. And depending on the characteristics of the fuel, this process can contribute reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG). This thesis presents a methodological proposal to analyze and evaluate a thermoelectric power plant from the exergoenviromental point of view, operating in co-_ring process and using coal and biomass. The boundary of the problem is composed by the power plant and the technological paths to obtain and manipulate the fuels. Exergy is used in the thermodynamic analysis and the life cycle assessment method is proposed to quantify the environmental impact. The climate change category was used following the global warming potential index. Two scenarios were evaluated: scenario A corresponds to the power plant operating with 100% coal and scenario B corresponds to the power plant operating in co-_ring with 90% of coal and 10% of biomass. The technological route used for the coal is established between the southern mineral region of the state of Santa Catarina and the Jorge Lacerda thermoelectric power plant complex, which is located at Capivari de Baixo. The information utilized for the biomass path was obtained from the research performed in the thermoelectric power plant complex. The purpose of this task was to use the biomass from the rice farms as fuel. The analysis showed that the power plant is largely responsible for exergy destruction. Moreover it has the largest generated impact associated with the analyzed category. From these results, an exergoenvironmental analysis for the representative thermodynamic cycle was performed. The results showed that the boiler constitutes the equipment with the largest potential of improvement.  Finally, an exergoenvironmental global index was proposed to compare the exergoenvironmental impact of the thermoelectric generation process for both scenarios, which were compared with Carnot cycle scenario. The exergoenvironmental global index showed that 11% improvement is possible for the scenario B when compared with scenario A without taking in account the biomass microbial decomposition and up to the 35% when the decomposition was considered.

Emermédica, es una compañía de atención médica domiciliaria, con trayectoria de más de 25 años de servicio. Para la adecuada prestación y oportuna atención de los servicios asistenciales, los pacientes se comunican a la central de comunicaciones de la empresa manifestando su necesidad de atención, en esta se encuentran cincuenta comunicadores, auxiliares de enfermería, responsables de la clasificación del triage, a través, de la llamada telefónica. Los comunicadores, manifiestan agotamiento y otras sensaciones de incomodidad. Con el interés de conocer las causas de estos síntomas en los comunicadores se desarrolló una investigación mixta, donde se utilizaron para la recolección de datos, entrevista a profundidad, grupos focales y cuestionarios, evidenciándose, que la satisfacción de los comunicadores es media alta; sin embargo, se identifica la presencia de factores de riesgo psicosocial entre ellos, la jornada laboral, liderazgo, condiciones ambientales y de reconocimiento, que deben ser intervenidos en aras de promover y planificar mejores prácticas laborales, que disminuyan el impacto de los factores de riesgo psicosocial, aumenten la satisfacción y así mismo mejoren el desempeño de los comunicadores, en la central de comunicaciones de Emermédica.

The Department of Education of the District (SEO) as a state entity, complies with the current regulations in relation to the implementation of the Labor Welfare Plan (LWP), the SEO is the third largest entity in Colombia with approximately 38,000 employees between teachers and administrators, the Labor Welfare Plan is designed with the same activities and programs for all employees and there is low ownership and participation in it, that is why this is a research project that is carried out in the Locality of Engatics with Administrative Officials that work in the 33 public schools of this locality, with the application of a survey that allows to find sociodemographic variables, to know the needs and / or motivations that the employees report so that these are included in the Welfare Plan and the perception that the Rectors have as immediate leaders for the benefit of the activities and prog branch of the SEO Welfare Plan, taking into account these three sections, the capacity to build the PBL with activities and programs that respond to the needs of the officers that generate a quality of life and work well­ being