En las tres últimas décadas se han considerado los impactos que las prácticas empresariales pueden ocasionar en los Derechos Humanos, debido al incremento de las actividades industriales y comerciales en el mundo y a los complejos contextos en los que operan las empresas. Por lo tanto, respetar los Derechos Humanos se ha convertido en un imperativo y en una parte esencial de la Responsabilidad Social de las empresas, ya que ésta contribuye en la generación de un entorno favorable que propicia las condiciones adecuadas que le permite a los individuos gozar de sus libertades y derechos fundamentales, garantizándoles a las empresas una mejor reputación y relación con sus grupos de interés. En este trabajo se presentan las estrategias de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial de las principales empresas del sector industrial lácteo colombiano, y la manera en que éstas han incidido en la generación de un entorno favorable que propicia el respeto de los Derechos Humanos y su promoción en la cadena de suministro, pese a las condiciones adversas que históricamente han afrontado los pobladores rurales en cuanto a pobreza, desigualdad de ingresos y niveles de desempleo.

Con base en el análisis de las tendencias en prácticas de reporte sobre derechos humanos de 60 empresas con operaciones en Colombia que elaboran sus informes utilizando la metodología de reporte de sostenibilidad G4 del Global Reporting lnitiative (GRI G4), este trabajo identifica las principales brechas, oportunidades de mejora y buenas prácticas al· respecto. Para contextualizar los datos encontrados, la investigación incluye un diagnóstico del estado del arte en este tipo de reporte, tanto en el plano internacional como en Colombia, y los debates actuales al respecto, así como un análisis de los riesgos de derechos humanos que presenta la operación de compañías en los 10 sectores económicos priorizados. A partir de los resultados de la investigación, se resaltan buenas prácticas y se formulan algunas recomendaciones para empresas, comunidades, grupos de interés y las organizaciones que promueven mejoras en la calidad del reporte corporativo en derechos humanos en el país.

El presente estudio de case se concentra en el proyecto de fortalecimiento de capacidades asociativas por medio de Negocios Inclusivos desarrollado par la Fundación Crecer en Paz, creada par iniciativa del Grupo Argos. Este proyecto tiene lugar en el municipio de El Carmen de Bolívar, departamento de Bolívar, Colombia, en la región de Montes de María que entre marzo de 2014 y julio de 2016, desarrollo cultivos frutales de mango, frijol, ajonjolí, proyectos apícolas, arboles maderables y proyectos ganaderos, todos con comercialización asegurada, con una vinculación de 407 familias pertenecientes a la Base de la Pirámide algunas sin tierras propias. La investigación, de corte cualitativo, permitió identificar, que los Negocios Inclusivos impulsados en zonas de posconflicto, pueden aportar a la construcción de paz y mantener un vínculo de mutuo beneficio, mientras exista la suma de acciones por parte de los actores clave presentes en el territorio: campesinos, empresas privadas, organizaciones de la sociedad civil e instituciones estatales, liderados por una organización articuladora, esta construcción se ve representada en transformaciones en las formas de relacionamiento social, en la capacidad de trabajar asociativamente, y en la búsqueda de un desarrollo socio-económico come modelo de negocio.

Mobility in terms of sustainability is a concept that is increasingly relevant in a municipality such as ltagüí that has grown and is located in the south of the Aburrá Valley, being a mandatory step for several neighboring municipalities such as La Estrella, Caldas, Amagá and the San Antonio de Prado District (Local Road Safety plan of ltagüí, 2018). The challenges of mobility within the municipality of ltagüí are identified by the daily use of 25,000 vehicles that pass through the center of the municipality and 100,000 that circulate along the southern highway, the city's infrastructure is not suitable for the high flow of vehicles which generate congestion on the roads and slow traffic, in turn, there are no investment policies in the planning instruments such as the Territorial Planning Plan of Itagüí (Local Road Safety Plan of ltagüí, 2018). According to the above, this article emphasizes the concept of mobiiity from a different perspective, for this purprse there must be tools for action and awareness, placing this issue at the center of the ltagüí municipality's agenda for development sustainable, so as to reduce the impact that the current model of urban mobility has on people's qualis of life.

Abstract: This study reports findings of antecedent variables of innovative behaviour in Colombia. It tested the positive relationship between support for innovation and innovative behaviour of Colombian employees, as well as the patterns of association between educational attainment and innovative behaviour and the link between organisational size and innovative behaviour on Colombia employees. The study had a quantitative research strategy with a cross-sectional research design, with a final sample of 182 Colombian employees. Results indicate that one dimension of support for innovation – support for creativity, is positively correlated with Colombian employees’ innovative behaviour. Whereas, the other dimension of this scale had no correlation with innovative behaviour. Thus, findings on the link between these two variables (support for innovation and innovative behaviour) have some similarities and differences to previous studies. This highlights the importance of the Colombian national culture on the antecedent variables of innovation. Likewise, the two secondary antecedent variables of innovative behaviour had no association with Colombian employees’ innovative behaviour. Finally, this paper includes the scopes and limitations of the study and future research directions are also considered. Resumen: Este estudio reporta los resultados de variables antecedentes del comportamiento innovador en Colombia. Se estudió la correlación positiva entre el apoyo a la innovación y el comportamiento innovador en empleados colombianos, así como la relación entre nivel educativo y comportamiento innovador y la relación entre tamaño de la empresa y comportamiento innovador en empleados colombianos. Este estudio cuantitativo tuvo un diseño transversal con una muestra final de 182 empleados colombianos. Los resultados indican que una sola dimensión de apoyo a la innovación (apoyo a la creatividad), está correlacionada positivamente con el comportamiento innovador de empleados colombianos, mientras que la otra dimensión de ésta escala no tuvo ninguna correlación con el comportamiento innovador. Los hallazgos de la relación de estas dos variables (apoyo a la innovación y comportamiento innovador) poseen algunas similitudes y diferencias a estudios previos. Lo anterior permite destacar la importancia de la cultura nacional colombiana en lo concerniente a variables antecedentes de la innovación. Del mismo modo, las otras dos variables antecedentes del comportamiento innovador no tuvieron ninguna correlación con el comportamiento innovador de los empleados colombianos. Finalmente este manuscrito incluye los alcances y limitaciones del estudio y también se abordan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones.

Our society is increasingly demanding situation-aware smarter software (SASS) systems, whose goals change over time and depend on context situations. A system with such properties must sense their dynamic environment and respond to changes quickly, accurately, and reliably, that is, to be context-aware and self-adaptive. The problem addressed in this dissertation is the dynamic management of context information to improve the relevance of SASS systems' context-aware capabilities with respect to changes in their requirements and execution environment. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the investigation of dynamic context management and self-adaptivity to: (i) improve context-awareness and exploit context information to enhance quality of user experience in SASS systems, and (ii) improve the dynamic capabilities of self-adaptivity in SASS systems. Context-awareness and self-adaptivity pose significant challenges for the engineering of SASS systems. Regarding context-awareness, the first challenge addressed is the impossibility of fully specifying environmental entities and the corresponding monitoring requirements at design-time. The second challenge arises from the continuous evolution of monitoring requirements due to changes in the system caused by self-adaptation. As a result, context monitoring strategies must be modeled and managed in such a way that they support the addition and deletion of context types and monitoring conditions at runtime. Concerning self-adaptivity, the third challenge is to control the dynamicity of adaptation goals, adaptation mechanisms, and monitoring infrastructures, and the way they affect each other in the adaptation process. This is to preserve the effectiveness of context monitoring requirements and thus self-adaptation. The fourth challenge, related also to self-adaptivity concerns the assessment of adaptation mechanisms at runtime to prevent undesirable system states as a result of self-adaptation.

Tesis presentada por Cristóbal Bernal para obtener el título de Ingeniero Civil en 1911. En ella presenta los resultados de investigación acerca del abasto de aguas para Bogotá. A lo largo del documento se discute acerca de la cantidad de agua necesaria para la ciudad, la calidad de ella, la forma en que se distribuye y la importancia del río San Francisco para cumplir este fin.

Objective: Provide an instrument in Spanish for measuring and studying physicians’ career satisfaction in Andalusia, Spain. Method: It followed two general stages: An instrument adaptation and descriptive cross-sectional study. Factor analysis was performed with 16-item scale. Construct validity was verified through a correlation between the summed 16-items scale and the global item, and internal consistency reliability was estimated with a Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, physicians’ career satisfaction was measured and characteristics related to a higher level of satisfaction were explored through a multivariate logistic regression. Results: An instrument adaption into Spanish was developed. Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was 0.92. The rate response was 40%. Mean career satisfaction was 4.36(SD=0.76) out of a possible score of 6. Multivariate logistic regression showed that physicians who reported having received non-economic incentives during last year have a level of career satisfaction 3.11(IC=1.19–8.13) times higher than those that have not received, and also that foreign physicians have a level of career satisfaction 7.81(IC=1.40–43.48) times higher than Spanish ones, controlling by personal, professional, work, and incentives factors. Conclusions: This study performed the adaptation and validation of an instrument which measures physicians’ career satisfaction in Andalusia, Spain. The methodology to translate and adapt the instrument was successful, making the method replicable in other languages and countries. The instrument demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability and construct validity. It was found that foreign physicians have eight times higher career satisfaction, and physicians that referred having received non-economic incentives during the last year have three times higher career satisfaction.

Tale of Talesis a visual poem. The non- conventional narrative and the inherent poetry in it, reaches an emotional depth that made me wonder about the close relationship between poetry and animation - and how this union affects the reader and the audience. This dissertation is about Yuri Norstein and his point of view of poetry and animation, understanding his opinions through an interview that I did with him. During this interview I learned more about his perspective of poetry in his animation, Tale of Tales.

The use of evidence based software engineering (EBSE) and the use of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) in software engineering has been growing in the last years. In 2004 Juristo et. al. analyzed the maturity level of the knowledge about testing techniques by examining the previous 25 years (1978-2004) of Testing Technique Experiments. We believe it is time to update the state of the art in testing technique experiments by using a SLR. Objective: To analyzed the maturity level of the knowledge about testing techniques by examining testing technique experiments between years 2000 and 2013. This work tries to complement the previous analysis of Juristo et. al. in 2004 where they analyzed the maturity level of the knowledge about testing techniques by examining the previous 25 years (1978-2004). Method: We undertook a systematic review of papers testing techniques experiments carried out between years 2000 and 2013. Studies were classified with respect to the testing technique family and grouped by their affinity as regards the techniques studied. Results: In the search and selection process we identified 22 relevant papers reporting 26 testing techniques published in Software Engineering conferences and journals between 2000 and mid-2013, after data extraction we reduce this to a list of 16 primary studies belong to four families. Based on this primary studies we extracted and analyzed the necessary information to compare them between each other’s in order to generate our appreciations.