En este informe se encuentra la transcripción de la sesión plenaria realizada el 14 de junio de 1991, en la que se realizó el debate sobre los siguientes temas: propiedad, finalidad social del estado, seguridad social y salud, derecho de la familia, la educación, derechos y garantías sociales.

Este informe contiene la transcripción de la sesión realizada el 6 de junio de 1991, en la que se debatió el tema ""La Fuerza Pública"".

Colombia ha sido el escenario de una de las guerras más largas del mundo que ha dejado casi ocho millones de víctimas y ha impactado negativamente las estructuras sociales, políticas y económicas del país. Debido a los diferentes esfuerzos de construcción de paz de las últimas décadas, Colombia está atravesando un costoso proceso de reconstrucción y reconciliación que exige la aplicación de estrategias innovadoras. Uno de estos mecanismos es la participación del sector privado en los procesos de construcción de paz a través de las Alianzas Público-Privadas - APP, en las que Colombia es un país pionero. Precisamente, debido a sus recursos, knowhow y networking, las APPs se han convertido en un elemento fundamental de la Infraestructura para la paz de Colombia. En este contexto, uno de los principales desafíos de la construcción de paz es el ambicioso plan gubernamental para la reparación de las víctimas, que, por su magnitud y complejidad, ha requerido la inclusión de la estrategia de las APPs. El presente trabajo analiza la dinámica de las APP como mecanismos de construcción de paz en Colombia, haciendo hincapié en las experiencias de reparación a las víctimas, las principales características de este proceso y los desafíos y oportunidades para el futuro.

Institutional investors are crucial for the successful operation of speculative companies listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM), and it is therefore critical that their relationship is strong. However, there is limited research on this topic. The purpose of this research is to critically evaluate how institutional investors affect the decision making process of corporate managers in these companies, and how corporate governance can be affected. The study used a qualitative research design through a case study based on a biotechnology company. Interviews with company directors and secondary resources were implemented to enhance the understanding of the research and tested through empirical research. Moreover, review of the literature was explored as a framework to support the analysis of this thesis. The findings indicate that even though corporate governance is not compulsory for AIM listed companies, it is highly encouraged and has a positive impact in establishing trust and credibility. Furthermore, in a speculative business, institutional investors revealed a limited interest towards intervening in company governance because of their long-term investment orientation, in addition, they have confidence in the company strategy and management. The findings indicate that corporate managers are not concerned with maximizing the short-term value of institutional investors. The decision making process is focused on maximizing the long-term value of its shareholder. The research suggests that corporate governance is a channel to create ‘intangible value’ and ‘add value’ to shareholders, enhancing confidence and trust in the board of directors. Moreover, by effectively managing the investor relations process, corporate managers are capable of managing market expectations. From managerial perspective, this work demonstrates the importance of corporate managers in setting and communicating a clear business strategy by effectively managing investor relations and by incorporating good practices such as corporate governance.

Design thinking has gained popularity as a new paradigm for dealing with problems in organisations in need of innovation. It is a term that comes from design studies, however, today it is dispersed by managerial realms as a panacea for building user-centred organisations and solving problems in education or business. Thus, design thinking as a concept has turned into a human-centred approach with the form of a process and a set of attitudes available for non-designers to use. Museums have seen in it an alternative point of view that brings transformations into their modus operandi. In the sector, the term is used interchangeably with human-centred methodology or co-production approaches, being exhibition development one of the areas in which it has had major impact. From this lenses, design thinking is the synonymous of a community-constructed and creative process that brings into life collaborative, inspirational and meaningful exhibitions. Overall, this study marks one step forward in clarifying the framework behind this encounter. Taking the contributions from design studies, it explores the way design methodologies have been assumed: from strict step-by-step processes, to reasoning patterns of problem exploration and creative thought. Those transformations had also great influence in museums, where exhibition development practice also has shift from hierarchical and structured, to horizontal and multidisciplinary exercises. Cultural institutions have explored this route, finding in it a means to offer engaging programmes or exhibitions. In this study, Coventry Transport Museum, Derby Museums and the Design Museum in London will be the roadmap to understand how the term is being adopted, discussed and institutionalised in museums. Although in those cases design thinking is replacing traditional process for creating museum’s projects, it is also being transformed into an alternative paradigm of learning that turn museums into laboratories of critical thinking.

Abstract: This research presents an analysis of the fare evasion in the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTs) in Bogotá, Colombia through the lens of two processes involved in urban transport strategic planning: urban design and communication for development. Its aims are to understand what drives and shapes this practice, identify the consequences for the passengers, Transmilenio system, and the city, and present an intervention for future implementation based on public participatory approach. To explore the fare evasion, this research utilised a qualitative analysis of secondary data and conducted a literature review on case studies by using documental and visual analysis. The empirical data were collected from research papers, local surveys and reports, and web research photographs and videos. The findings from this case shows that the fare evasion practice is driven by three main factors: (a) civic cultural, informational, and perception components; (b) the physical design and components of Transmilenio stations; and (c) the relationships among the stakeholders involved. Overall, this cutting-edge interdisciplinary approach leads to a different view of the fare evasion practice. It not only provides a greater understanding of the dynamics of complexity of this phenomenon, but also allows to have a new perspective of the relationships and interlinked processes that emerge between human behaviours and the physical environment." Resumen: Esta investigación presenta un análisis de la evasión en el sistema de bus rápido (Transmilenio) en Bogotá, Colombia a través del lente de dos procesos involucrados en la planeación estratégica del transporte urbano: el diseño urbano y la comunicación para el desarrollo. Sus objetivos son entender que motiva y moldea esta práctica, identificar las consecuencias para los pasajeros, para el sistema de Transmilenio, y para la ciudad, y presentar una intervención que sea posible implementar en el futuro basado en un enfoque de participación pública. Para explorar la evasión del pago, esta investigación emplea un análisis cualitativo de información secundaria y lleva a cabo una revisión de literatura basada en casos de estudio a través de un análisis documental y visual. Los datos empíricos fueron recogidos de documentos de investigación, encuestas y reportes locales, y una investigación en la red de fotografías y videos. Los hallazgos de este caso, muestran que la evasión de la tarifa es conducida por tres principales factores: (a) la cultura ciudadana, y el componente informativo y de percepción; (b) el diseño físico y ciertos componentes de las estaciones de Transmilenio, y (c) la relación entre los agentes involucrados. En resumen, esta novedosa aproximación interdisciplinaria lleva a diferentes puntos de vista de la práctica de la evasión. Esta no solo provee un mejor entendimiento de las complejas dinámicas de este fenómeno, sino que permite tener una nueva perspectiva de las relaciones y los procesos interconectados que surgen entre el comportamiento humano y el ambiente físico."

Latin American countries have, since the colonization period, been strongly influenced by currents, cultural and sociological notions of Europe and North America. The process of introduction and assimilation of these aspects is slow and occurs in a very special way. This document relates this process of architecture and urban modernization in Latin American countries and more specifically in Colombia. To illustrate this process, the essay goes through the history of modernity in this country in relation to its specific socio political background and focusing in one of the most important architects of the past generation: Rogelio Salmona. Thedescription of Salmona’s architecture is done trough a research on his position as well as on the formal aspects of his oeuvre and the relation to the specific context of Bogota. Through a deep view on his notions, works and influences it is aimed to establish an importance of his oeuvre in the building of a constructive and social identity in a country with countless socio political and economical issues. Resumen: Los países latinoamericanos han conocido desde su colonización fuertes influencias de corrientes culturales y sociológicas provenientes de Europa y Norte América. El proceso de introducción y asimilación de estas ha sido lento y se ha producido en distintas formas. Este documento relata el proceso de modernización de la arquitectura y el urbanismo en países de América Latina y más específicamente en Colombia. Para ilustrar este proceso, el ensayo resume la historia del modernismo en arquitectura en Colombia, en relación con sus características sociales y políticas. Asimismo se enfoca en uno de los Arquitectos más importantes de la generación pasada: Rogelio Salmona. El recuento arquitectónico de Salmona es hecho a través de un análisis en su posición como arquitecto así como en los aspectos formales de su obra en relación con el contexto específico de la ciudad de Bogotá. A través de un análisis de sus nociones, trabajos e influencias se busca establecer la importancia de su obra en la construcción de una identidad social en un país con un sin número de problemas sociales, políticos y económicos.